safety

MoASE++: Mixture of Activation Sparsity Experts with Domain-Adaptive On-policy Distillation for Continual Test Time Adaptation

arXiv:2605.17743v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continual test-time adaptation adapts a source-pretrained model to non-stationary, unlabeled target streams while retaining past competence, yet texture

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Monitoring the Internal Monologue: Probe Trajectories Reveal Reasoning Dynamics

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.18549v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) introduce new opportunities for safety monitoring through their Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, CoT is not alwa

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

19 May 2026

MSIQ: Moment-based Scale-Invariant Quality Measure for Single Image Super-Resolution

arXiv:2605.17588v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Assessing the quality of single image super-resolution (SISR) results remains an open methodological problem. Common full-reference metrics (PSNR, SSIM,

Multi-Order Matching Network for Alignment-Free Depth Super-Resolution

arXiv:2511.16361v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent guided depth super-resolution methods are premised on the assumption of strict spatial alignment between depth and RGB, achieving high-qualit

Multi-task Linear Regression without Eigenvalue Lower Bounds: Adaptivity, Robustness and Safety

arXiv:2605.17126v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the multi-task linear regression problem in the presence of contaminated tasks. We address the setting where the unknown parameters of a majo

Multilingual and Multimodal LLMs in the Wild: Building for Low-Resource Languages

arXiv:2605.17152v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal LLMs are evolving from vision-language to tri-modality that see, hear, and read, yet pipelines and benchmarks remain English-centric and comp

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Natural-Language Agent Harnesses

arXiv:2603.25723v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Agent performance is strongly shaped by the surrounding harness: the external execution system around a model that organizes a task run. Yet t

Neural equilibria for long-term prediction of nonlinear conservation laws

arXiv:2501.06933v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Nonlinear conservation laws govern a broad class of important physical systems in science and industry and are central to scientific machine learnin

Neural Visual Decoding via Cognitive guided Adaptive Blurring and Information Constrained Alignment

arXiv:2605.16418v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: EEG-based visual decoding aims to establish a mapping between neural signals and visual semantics. However, it remains constrained by the dual challen

New Wide-Net-Casting Jailbreak Attacks Risk Large Models

arXiv:2605.17128v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Jailbreak attacks on large models have drawn growing attention due to their close ties to societal safety. This work identifies a practical yet unexpl

NEWTON: Agentic Planning for Physically Grounded Video Generation

arXiv:2605.18396v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video generation models produce visually compelling results but systematically violate physical commonsense -- on VideoPhy-2, the best model achieves on

Old Habits Die Hard: How Conversational History Geometrically Traps LLMs

arXiv:2603.03308v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How does the conversational past of large language models (LLMs) influence their future performance? Recent work suggests that LLMs are affect

oldsymbol{f}-OPD: Stabilizing Long-Horizon On-Policy Distillation with Freshness-Aware Control

arXiv:2605.17862v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scaling on-policy distillation (OPD) for large language models (LLMs) confronts a fundamental tension: asynchronous execution is necessary for system

On Safer Reinforcement Learning for Sedation and Analgesia in Intensive Care

arXiv:2601.23154v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Pain management in intensive care usually involves complex trade-offs, since both inadequate and excessive treatment can compromise patient sa

On the Adversarial Robustness of Large Vision-Language Models under Visual Token Compression

arXiv:2601.21531v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Visual token compression is widely used to accelerate large vision-language models (LVLMs) by pruning or merging visual tokens, yet its advers

Online Learnability of Chain-of-Thought Verifiers: Soundness and Completeness Trade-offs

arXiv:2603.03538v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought generation have demonstrated great potential for solving complex reasoning and planning tasks. Ho

OPERA: A Reinforcement Learning--Enhanced Orchestrated Planner-Executor Architecture for Reasoning-Oriented Multi-Hop Retrieval

arXiv:2508.16438v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and dense retrievers have driven significant progress in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).

Optimal Control of Multiclass Fluid Queueing Networks: A Machine Learning Approach

arXiv:2307.12405v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose a machine learning approach to the optimal control of multiclass fluid queueing networks (MFQNETs) that provides explicit and insightful

OrbiSim: World Models as Differentiable Physics Engines for Embodied Intelligence

arXiv:2605.16395v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present OrbiSim, a novel robotic simulation paradigm that redefines world models as a fully differentiable physics engine for embodied intelligence

PAIR: Prefix-Aware Internal Reward Model for Multi-Turn Agent Optimization

arXiv:2605.17877v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A significant hurdle for current LLMs is the execution of complex, multi-stage tasks. Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has been emerging as a l

Pairwise Preference Reward and Group-Based Diversity Enhancement for Superior Open-Ended Generation

arXiv:2605.18191v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current reinforcement learning(RL) methods are broadly applicable and powerful in verifiable settings where scalar rewards can be provided. However, in

Parameterized 4-Qubit EWL Quantum Game Circuits with Dirac-Solow-Swan Hamiltonian Integration for Quadruple Helix Disruptive Innovation Recommender Systems

arXiv:2605.18080v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a novel parameterized 4-qubit Eisert-Wilkens-Lewenstein (EWL) quantum game circuit for recommender systems in quadruple helix innovation ec

Patch Ensembles for Robust Salmon Re-Identification with Weak Trajectory Labels

arXiv:2605.18038v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Salmon re-identification in commercial net-pens is challenging due to large populations, which impose strict accuracy requirements and make large-scale

Peak-Detector: Explainable Peak Detection via Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models in Physiological Sign

arXiv:2605.16452v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate peak detection across diverse cardiac physiological signals, including the Electrocardiogram (ECG), Photoplethysmogram (PPG), Ballistocardiog

Pedestrian-Aware LLM-Driven Behavioral Planning for Autonomous Vehicles

arXiv:2605.16858v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) must make reliable decisions in dense urban environments where pedestrian behavior is variable, sometimes abnormal, and ofte

PEIRA: Learning Predictive Encoders through Inter-View Regressor Alignment

arXiv:2605.17671v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Non-contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) is an effective framework for predictive representation learning, but popular (and in practice effectiv

Perceptual implications of automatic anonymization in pathological speech

arXiv:2505.00409v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automatic anonymization is increasingly used to enable ethical sharing of clinical speech, yet its perceptual and clinical consequences remain

PH-Dreamer: A Physics-Driven World Model via Port-Hamiltonian Generative Dynamics

arXiv:2605.18303v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World models built on recurrent state space architectures enable efficient latent imagination, yet remain physically unstructured, producing dynamics

Phase Transitions in Driven Informational Systems: A Two-Field Perspective on Learning Theory and Non-Equilibrium Chemistry

arXiv:2605.16325v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Phase-transition phenomena in deep learning (grokking, emergent capabilities, and ontological reorganization under context shift) have been studied th

Physics-Aligned Canonical Equivariant Fourier Neural Operator under Symmetry-Induced Shifts

arXiv:2605.18606v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural operators approximate PDE solution maps, but they need not respect the symmetries of the governing equation. In out-of-distribution (OOD) regimes

PhysioSeq2Seq: A Hybrid Physiological Digital Twin and Sequence-to-Sequence LSTM for Long-Horizon Glucose Forecasting in Type 1 Diabetes

arXiv:2605.16860v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate long-horizon glucose forecasting is critical for automated insulin delivery systems, which help people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) manage thei

PIMSM: Physics-Informed Multi-Scale Mamba for Stable Neural Representations under Distribution Shift

arXiv:2605.16351v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientific foundation models are expected to reuse representations under changes in dataset, acquisition protocol, and deployment domain, yet many seq

Pointwise Generalization in Deep Neural Networks

arXiv:2605.18598v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We address the fundamental question of why deep neural networks generalize by establishing a pointwise generalization theory for fully connected network

Policy-Grounded Dynamic Facet Suggestions for Job Search

arXiv:2605.16479v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Job seekers often initiate search with short, underspecified queries. At LinkedIn, over 80% of job-related queries contain three or fewer keywords, ma

Policy Library CBF: Finite-Horizon Safety at Runtime via Parallel Rollouts

arXiv:2605.16588v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety-critical autonomy in unstructured environments poses significant challenges for online safety certification under evolving constraints. We propos

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Politicians who boost AI do not represent the views of their constituents. New polling in the UK shows: - Most people think AI will destroy …

Politicians who boost AI do not represent the views of their constituents. New polling in the UK shows: - Most people think AI will destroy more jobs than it creates (57% v 17%) - 7 in 10 are worried

safetygary-marcus--x

Position: A Three-Layer Probabilistic Assume-Guarantee Architecture Is Structurally Required for Safe LLM Agent Deployment

arXiv:2605.18672v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This position paper argues that enforcing LLM agent safety within a single abstraction layer is not merely suboptimal but categorically insufficient for

Position: Age Estimation Models Do Not Process Biometric Data

arXiv:2605.17347v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When a neural network estimates someone's age from a photograph, does it process biometric data? The answer depends on whether identity-discriminative

PQR: A Framework to Generate Diverse and Realistic User Queries that Elicit QA Agent Failures

arXiv:2605.16551v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating LLM-based agents remains challenging because identifying meaningful failure cases often requires substantial human effort to design realistic

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Prediction of Challenging Behaviors Associated with Profound Autism in a Classroom Setting Using Wearable Sensors

arXiv:2605.17618v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges with social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thou

Presupposition and Reasoning in Conditionals: A Theory-Based Study of Humans and LLMs

arXiv:2605.18352v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Presupposition projection in conditionals is central to theories of meaning and pragmatics, yet it remains largely unevaluated in large language models.

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

PULSE: Generative Phase Evolution for Non-Stationary Time Series Forecasting

arXiv:2605.16793v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Time series forecasting under non-stationarity faces a fundamental tension between capturing stable representations and adapting to distribution shifts.

QQJ: Quantifying Qualitative Judgment for Scalable and Human-Aligned Evaluation of Generative AI

arXiv:2605.17382v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid progress of generative artificial intelligence has exposed fundamental limitations in existing evaluation methodologies, particularly for open

QuantFPFlow: Quantum Amplitude Estimation for Fokker--Planck Policy Optimisation in Continuous Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.16429v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce extbf{QuantFPFlow}, a reinforcement learning framework that integrates quantum amplitude estimation into the Fokker--Planck~(FP) formulat

Query-Conditioned Knowledge Alignment for Reliable Cross-System Medical Reasoning

arXiv:2605.18570v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cross-domain knowledge alignment is essential for integrating heterogeneous medical systems, yet existing approaches typically treat entity alignment as

Rad-VLSM: A Cross-Modal Framework with Semantics-Assisted Prompting for Medical Segmentation and Diagnosis

arXiv:2605.18130v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical image segmentation is more clinically valuable when it supports diagnosis rather than merely producing lesion masks. However, diagnostically rel

Randomized Advantage Transformation (RAT): Computing Natural Policy Gradients via Direct Backpropagation

arXiv:2605.18591v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Natural policy gradients improve optimization by accounting for the geometry of distribution space, but their practical use is limited by the cost of

Ranking-Aware Calibration for Reliable Multimodal Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.16999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning post-training has substantially improved the reasoning accuracy of vision-language models, yet the resulting policies remain poor