Search: “open-weights”

The Devil in the Details: Emergent Misalignment, Format and Coherence in Open-Weights LLMs

arXiv:2511.20104v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Prior work has shown that fine-tuning models on a narrow domain with misaligned data can lead to broad misalignment - a phenomenon termed 'emergent

29 Sept 2026

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Secure On-Premise Deployment of Open-Weights Large Language Models in Radiology: An Isolation-First Architecture with Prospective Pilot Evaluation

DGX agent

arXiv:2604.22768v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Purpose: To design, implement, evaluate, and report on the regulatory requirements of a self-hosted LLM infrastructure for radiology adhering to the p

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

28 Apr 2026

Behavioral Reprogramming of Open-Weights Models: Cognitive Plasticity and Alignment Bounds

arXiv:2608.13069v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are predominantly aligned to function as passive, sycophantic assistants. We challenge this default paradigm by empirically

14 Aug 2026

Replicating the Geometry of Emotion Representations in a Base Open-Weights Model

arXiv:2609.22208v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sofroniew et al. (2026) report that emotion concepts in Claude Sonnet 4.5 are represented as vectors whose geometry mirrors human affect psychology. We

22 Sept 2026

Open-Weight LLM Fine-Tuning Defenses are Susceptible to Simple Attacks

arXiv:2605.26526v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent defenses for safeguarding open-weight large language models (LLMs) are intended to prevent adversarial usage. Underlying these defenses is an ass

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

27 May 2026

Linguistic Triggers of Gender and Racial Bias in Open-Weight LLMs Applied to Recruitment

arXiv:2609.18106v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Open-weight large language models are rapidly entering hiring pipelines, yet their discriminatory failure modes -- and the regulatory exposure these c

17 Sept 2026

Crypto Accounting Bench: Evaluating Frontier and Open-Weight Models on Crypto-Asset Accounting Tasks

arXiv:2609.14811v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce Crypto Accounting Bench (CAB), a benchmark for assessing whether frontier and open-weight language models can reconstruct the complete jour

15 Sept 2026

Can Open-Weight Models Compete on Financial Text Comprehension?

arXiv:2608.08634v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-weight language models from Chinese AI labs caught up on benchmarks relative to proprietary frontier models in recent months. Yet their reliability

11 Aug 2026

A governance horizon for ethical-use constraints in open-weight AI models

arXiv:2605.24383v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ethical constraints on open-weight AI models are both a reflection of societal concerns and a foundation for AI governance policy. They are expected to

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

26 May 2026

Jailbreaking Open-Weight LLMs via Random Embedding Perturbations

arXiv:2610.07125v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While open-weight models have enjoyed steady progress in capabilities and wide adoption across multiple domains, their safety remains an important con

7 Oct 2026

Tutorials

The Fragility of Trigger-Tag Mechanisms for Misuse Detection in Open-Weight LLMs

arXiv:2610.03124v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Open-weight language models can be downloaded, modified, and deployed beyond their developers' control, limiting the effectiveness of centrally enforc

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

5 Oct 2026

Comparison of techniques for fine-tuning open-weight models for entity extraction from radiology reports

arXiv:2609.40236v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Converting free-text radiology reports into structured labels supports cohort building, quality assurance, and monitoring of clinical imaging models, bu

1 Oct 2026

Position: Current Model Cards Are Insufficient for Downstream Governance of Open-Weight Foundation Models

arXiv:2608.18086v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The growth of open-weight foundation models (OWFMs) has prompted the AI community to re-evaluate strategies for effective downstream governance. Althoug

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

20 Aug 2026

Fool's Gold: Defensive Deception Against Safety-Removal Attacks on Open-Weight Models

arXiv:2608.17202v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety alignment in open-weight language models is trivially removable: abliteration projects a refusal-mediating direction out of the weights in minute

19 Aug 2026

Zero-Shot Multi-Disease Labeling of Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis CT Reports Using Open-Weight Large Language Models: The Effect of Labeling Conventions

arXiv:2506.03259v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Purpose: To compare five lightweight open-weight large language models (LLMs) with a rule-based algorithm (RBA) and fine-tuned RadBERT for zero-shot

7 Aug 2026

Selecting Open-Weight Language Models for Zero-Shot Intent Classification: A Systematic Evaluation of 41 Models

arXiv:2607.27421v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Intent classification is a core component of task-oriented dialogue systems, yet practitioners have limited systematic guidance for selecting deployable

31 Jul 2026

HEBATRON: A Hebrew-Specialized Open-Weight Mixture-of-Experts Language Model

arXiv:2605.11255v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Hebatron, a Hebrew-specialized open-weight large language model built on the NVIDIA Nemotron-3 sparse Mixture-of-Experts architecture. Traini

13 May 2026

AgentFloor: How Far Up the tool use Ladder Can Small Open-Weight Models Go?

arXiv:2605.00334v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Production agentic systems make many model calls per user request, and most of those calls are short, structured, and routine. This raises a practical

4 May 2026

Removing Information Content Does Not Certify Tamper Resistance in Open-Weight Models

arXiv:2610.09004v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Does removing harmful information make open-weight models resistant to fine-tuning attacks? We show that mutual information at release alone cannot univ

8 Oct 2026

You Cannot Pick a Provider From the Price List: Market-Aware Routing for Open-Weight LLM Inference

arXiv:2609.37902v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing LLM routers choose among models using static per-model costs. We show that open-weight inference markets introduce a second, largely ignored de

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

30 Sept 2026

Misaligned Clinical Risk Classification and Cost Asymmetry in Open-Weight Large Language Models

arXiv:2609.23999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How large language models (LLMs) integrate patient risk with clinical cost tradeoffs remains poorly understood. We investigated how four open-weight LLM

22 Sept 2026

AquiLLM: Evaluating Faithfulness in Open-Weight RAG-LLM Systems for Scientific Research

arXiv:2609.16519v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific research increasingly relies on large, heterogeneous data sources, motivating interest in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems that p

16 Sept 2026

Agents

Nameless Tokenization: A Lossless Tokenizer-Level Defense Against Control-Token Forgery in Open-Weight LLMs

arXiv:2609.16984v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-weight language models publish the strings their chat templates use to mark turns, roles and tool results, which the tokenizer maps back to the res

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

16 Sept 2026

Uncensored Open-weight Models: Redistribution as the Persistence Layer

arXiv:2609.05241v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A rapidly expanding ecosystem of actors is removing built-in safety guardrails from open-weight AI models. We profile this ecosystem by identifying key

7 Sept 2026

Role-Specialized Mixture-of-Agents with Open-Weight LLMs for Clinical Prediction

arXiv:2608.22176v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to clinical prediction tasks such as in-hospital mortality and readmission from electronic health

25 Aug 2026

Open-Weight Masked Introspection: Measuring What Language Models Can Report About Their Own Computation

arXiv:2608.20569v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Are frontier models able to introspect about their internal states? Recent work suggests that under certain conditions a complex enough model can audit

researcharxiv-cs-ai

24 Aug 2026

Kozuchi Agent: A Language-Agnostic Open-Weight Agent for Software Repair

arXiv:2608.15579v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Industrial software-engineering teams increasingly need LLM agents that turn bug reports into correct patches, yet benchmark-scale operation adds long

18 Aug 2026

Distribution-Specific Curvature Control with Finite-Sample Guarantees for Open-Weight Safety

arXiv:2607.22929v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A short fine-tuning run can undo the safety guards of an open-weight model---retraining a refusal-trained assistant to aid weapons development or produc

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

28 Jul 2026

Agentic coding without the cloud: evaluating open-weight large language models on longitudinal data preparation tasks

arXiv:2607.21482v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) and agents are now widely used tools in code development, with data typically sent to third-party cloud-based models. Their

24 Jul 2026

Small, Free, and Effective: Orchestrating Open-Weight Small Language Models to Outperform Single LLM for Malware Analysis

arXiv:2607.20216v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Malware analysis demands rapid interpretation of complex detonation reports spanning filesystem, network, and process behaviours. While large language

23 Jul 2026

Revisiting Vul-RAG: Reproducibility and Replicability of RAG-based Vulnerability Detection with Open-Weight Models

arXiv:2606.04739v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong potential for automated software vulnerability detection, particularly in retrieval-augmented generatio

4 Jun 2026

Unpredictable Safety: Domain-Dependent Compliance and the Transparency Gap in Open-Weight LLMs

arXiv:2606.04035v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a systematic study of domain-dependent safety behavior in open-weight LLMs: 7 standardized experiments across 7 ethical domains, testing 5

4 Jun 2026

Verbal Confidence Saturation in 3-9B Open-Weight Instruction-Tuned LLMs: A Pre-Registered Psychometric Validity Screen

arXiv:2604.22215v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Verbal confidence elicitation is widely used to extract uncertainty estimates from LLMs. We tested whether seven instruction-tuned open-weight models

researcharxiv-cs-ai

27 Apr 2026

Scaling Test-Time Compute to Achieve IOI Gold Medal with Open-Weight Models

arXiv:2510.14232v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Competitive programming has become a rigorous benchmark for evaluating the reasoning and problem-solving capabilities of large language models

16 Apr 2026

Network-based Spatial Context Retrieval for Open-weight LLMs: A Faithfulness Benchmark for Grounded Geographic Reasoning

arXiv:2609.39437v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) encode substantial latent geographic knowledge, yet they reason poorly over space and are unreliable when queried from coor

1 Oct 2026

Evaluating Open-Weight LLMs for Turkish Domain Documents Under Retrieval and Hardware Constraints

arXiv:2609.28007v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most Turkish-capable large language models (LLMs) are evaluated using general-purpose benchmarks rather than long, structurally complex domain documents

24 Sept 2026

Adapting Open-Weight MLLMs to Generate Point Prompts for Electron Microscopy Segmentation

arXiv:2609.14080v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Promptable models such as microSAM segment electron microscopy (EM) images from point prompts, but automation requires generating prompts without user i

researcharxiv-cs-cv

15 Sept 2026

GeoNatureAgent Benchmark: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Environmental Geospatial Analysis Across Frontier and Open-Weight Foundation Models

arXiv:2606.12821v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Environmental scientists spend disproportionate effort on data wrangling rather than analysis. New AI agents can be a helpful tool, but no benchmark

4 Sept 2026

LLM-Only PDDL Domain Repair with Open-Weight Models

arXiv:2608.17341v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI planning is concerned with finding a sequence of actions that achieves a specified goal. It relies on explicit models of the world, commonly represen

researcharxiv-cs-ai

19 Aug 2026

Behavior and Representation in Open-Weight Large Language Models for Combinatorial Optimization: From Feature Extraction to Algorithm Selection

arXiv:2512.13374v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) open new perspectives for automation in optimization, yet little is known about whether their intern

13 Aug 2026

Graph Feedback Controls Consensus and Clique Formation in Open-Weight Language-Model Populations

arXiv:2607.12077v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent language-model systems increasingly route local interactions, yet the runtime interaction graph is often treated as an implementation detail

15 Jul 2026

Large Databases Need Small, Open-Weight Language Models

arXiv:2606.31808v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language model systems built around proprietary APIs often operate on a token-based cost model. This becomes prohibitively expensive in the context of l

1 Jul 2026

Hallucination Detection via Activations of Open-Weight Proxy Analyzers

arXiv:2605.07209v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce a proxy-analyzer framework for detecting hallucinations in large language models. Instead of looking inside the generating model, our sys

11 May 2026

Quad-State Safety Evaluation of Open-Weight Large Language Models on Non-Canonical Inputs

arXiv:2610.09033v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Standard safety evaluations of large language models assess harmful requests written in canonical plain text, while models in real-world deployment rout

8 Oct 2026

Identical Runs, Different Results: Benchmarking AI Coding Agents on Open-Weight Models

arXiv:2609.33812v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Repeated runs of the same coding agent are known to give different benchmark scores. We ask what that variation means for a team running an agent on i

29 Sept 2026

Benchmarking the Explanatory Quality of Open-Weight Vision-Language Models in Face Recognition

arXiv:2609.21879v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently been proposed as promising tools for face recognition, as they can produce natural language explanations a

21 Sept 2026

Agents

Evaluating Open-Weight E-Commerce Agents with Environment-Grounded Verification

arXiv:2609.16093v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A shopping conversation has many routes to the same cart, and a task-success rate reduces all of them to one score. We build a deterministic and reprodu

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

16 Sept 2026

Plans You Can Check: Verifier-Grounded Learning of an Open-Weight Planner for Executable Video-Editing

arXiv:2608.25622v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Practical video editing is not only pixel generation: an editor must turn a brief, a clip pool, music metadata, and hard constraints into an executabl