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SMART: When is it Actually Worth Expanding a Speculative Tree?

arXiv:2604.09731v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tree-based speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by verifying a branching tree of draft tokens in a single target-model forward p

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Model Releases

SMFormer: Empowering Self-supervised Stereo Matching via Foundation Models and Data Augmentation

DGX agent

arXiv:2604.10218v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent self-supervised stereo matching methods have made significant progress. They typically rely on the photometric consistency assumption, which pres

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

14 Apr 2026

SmileyLlama: Modifying Large Language Models for Directed Chemical Space Exploration

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2409.02231v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We show that large language model (LLMs) can be transformed via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of engineered prompts into SmileyLlama for explor

SODA: Semi On-Policy Black-Box Distillation for Large Language Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2604.03873v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Black-box knowledge distillation for large language models presents a strict trade-off. Simple off-policy methods (e.g., sequence-level knowle

Soft Graph Transformer for MIMO Detection

arXiv:2509.12694v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose the Soft Graph Transformer (SGT), a soft-input-soft-output neural architecture designed for MIMO detection. While Maximum Likelihood (ML)

Solver-Independent Automated Problem Formulation via LLMs for High-Cost Simulation-Driven Design

arXiv:2512.18682v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In the high-cost simulation-driven design domain, translating ambiguous design requirements into a mathematical optimization formulation is a bottle

Solving and learning advective multiscale Darcian dynamics with the Neural Basis Method

arXiv:2602.17776v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Physics-governed models are increasingly paired with machine learning for accelerated predictions, yet most 'physics--informed' formulations t

Solving Physics Olympiad via Reinforcement Learning on Physics Simulators

arXiv:2604.11805v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We have witnessed remarkable advances in LLM reasoning capabilities with the advent of DeepSeek-R1. However, much of this progress has been fueled by

Applications

Sparse clustering via the Deterministic Information Bottleneck algorithm

arXiv:2601.20628v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cluster analysis relates to the task of assigning objects into groups which ideally present some desirable characteristics. When a cluster str

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Sparse Hypergraph-Enhanced Frame-Event Object Detection with Fine-Grained MoE

arXiv:2604.11140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Integrating frame-based RGB cameras with event streams offers a promising solution for robust object detection under challenging dynamic conditions. How

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Spatial Competence Benchmark

arXiv:2604.09594v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spatial competence is the quality of maintaining a consistent internal representation of an environment and using it to infer discrete structure and pla

SpatialScore: Towards Comprehensive Evaluation for Spatial Intelligence

arXiv:2505.17012v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Existing evaluations of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) on spatial intelligence are typically fragmented and limited in scope. In thi

Applications

Spatio-Temporal Difference Guided Motion Deblurring with the Complementary Vision Sensor

arXiv:2604.10554v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Motion blur arises when rapid scene changes occur during the exposure period, collapsing rich intra-exposure motion into a single RGB frame. Without exp

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Spatiotemporal-Aware Bit-Flip Injection on DNN-based Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (extended version)

arXiv:2604.03753v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) rely on deep neural networks (DNNs) for perception and planning. Since DNNs' parameters resid

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Speaking to No One: Ontological Dissonance and the Double Bind of Conversational AI

arXiv:2604.10833v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent reports indicate that sustained interaction with conversational artificial intelligence (AI) systems can, in a small subset of users, contribut

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Tutorials

Specificity-aware reinforcement learning for fine-grained open-world classification

arXiv:2603.03197v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Classifying fine-grained visual concepts under open-world settings, i.e., without a predefined label set, demands models to be both accurate and spe

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

SpecMoE: A Fast and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Inference via Self-Assisted Speculative Decoding

arXiv:2604.10152v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the rising computational costs of large language models (LLMs)

Spectral Kernel Dynamics via Maximum Caliber: Fixed Points, Geodesics, and Phase Transitions

arXiv:2604.09745v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We derive a closed-form geometric functional for kernel dynamics on finite graphs by applying the Maximum Caliber (MaxCal) variational principle to th

SpectralLoRA: Is Low-Frequency Structure Sufficient for LoRA Adaptation? A Spectral Analysis of Weight Updates

arXiv:2604.10649v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a systematic empirical study of the spectral structure of LoRA weight updates. Through 2D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) analysis of train

SpeechLess: Micro-utterance with Personalized Spatial Memory-aware Assistant in Everyday Augmented Reality

arXiv:2602.00793v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Speaking aloud to a wearable AR assistant in public can be socially awkward, and re-articulating the same requests every day creates unnecessa

SPEED-Bench: A Unified and Diverse Benchmark for Speculative Decoding

arXiv:2604.09557v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speculative Decoding (SD) has emerged as a critical technique for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Unlike deterministic system optim

Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytelling

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2604.09854v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLMs have so far failed both to generate consistently compelling stories and to recognize this failure--on the leading creative-writing benchmark (EQ-Be

Local Ai

SpotFormer: Multi-Scale Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Facial Expression Spotting

arXiv:2407.20799v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Facial expression spotting, identifying periods where facial expressions occur in a video, is a significant yet challenging task in facial expressio

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Tutorials

Spotlight and Shadow: Attention-Guided Dual-Anchor Introspective Decoding for MLLM Hallucination Mitigation

arXiv:2604.10071v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities yet continue to suffer from hallucination, where generated

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

SRBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Sequential Recommendation with Large Language Models

arXiv:2604.09553v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM development has aroused great interest in Sequential Recommendation (SR) applications. However, comprehensive evaluation of SR models remains lack

Stability of a Generalized Debiased Lasso with Applications to Resampling-Based Variable Selection

arXiv:2405.03063v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose a generalized debiased Lasso estimator based on a stability principle. When a single column of the design matrix is perturbed, the

StableToken: A Noise-Robust Semantic Speech Tokenizer for Resilient SpeechLLMs

arXiv:2509.22220v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Prevalent semantic speech tokenizers, designed to capture linguistic content, are surprisingly fragile. We find they are not robust to meaning-irrel

StableTTA: Training-Free Test-Time Adaptation that Improves Model Accuracy on ImageNet1K to 96%

arXiv:2604.04552v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ensemble methods are widely used to improve predictive performance, but their effectiveness often comes at the cost of increased memory usage

StaMo: Unsupervised Learning of Generalizable Robot Motion from Compact State Representation

arXiv:2510.05057v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A fundamental challenge in embodied intelligence is developing expressive and compact state representations for efficient world modeling and d

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

STaR-DRO: Stateful Tsallis Reweighting for Group-Robust Structured Prediction

arXiv:2604.09737v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Structured prediction requires models to generate ontology-constrained labels, grounded evidence, and valid structure under ambiguity, label skew, and

STARS: Skill-Triggered Audit for Request-Conditioned Invocation Safety in Agent Systems

arXiv:2604.10286v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous language-model agents increasingly rely on installable skills and tools to complete user tasks. Static skill auditing can expose capability s

StarVLA-alpha: Reducing Complexity in Vision-Language-Action Systems

arXiv:2604.11757v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for building general-purpose robotic agents. However, the VLA landsc

Steered LLM Activations are Non-Surjective

arXiv:2604.09839v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Activation steering is a popular white-box control technique that modifies model activations to elicit an abstract change in output behavior. It has als

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

STGV: Spatio-Temporal Hash Encoding for Gaussian-based Video Representation

arXiv:2604.10910v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 2D Gaussian Splatting (2DGS) has recently become a promising paradigm for high-quality video representation. However, existing methods employ content-ag

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Stop Fixating on Prompts: Reasoning Hijacking and Constraint Tightening for Red-Teaming LLM Agents

arXiv:2604.05549v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: With the widespread application of LLM-based agents across various domains, their complexity has introduced new security threats. Existing red-team

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos

arXiv:2604.10527v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Referring multi-object tracking (RMOT) is a task of associating all the objects in a video that semantically match with given textual queries or refer

Hardware

StreamServe: Adaptive Speculative Flows for Low-Latency Disaggregated LLM Serving

arXiv:2604.09562v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Efficient LLM serving must balance throughput and latency across diverse, bursty workloads. We introduce StreamServe, a disaggregated prefill decode s

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

StreetDesignAI: A Multi-Persona Evaluation System for Inclusive Infrastructure Design

arXiv:2601.15671v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Designing cycling infrastructure requires balancing the competing needs of diverse user groups, yet designers often struggle to anticipate how

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Structural Consequences of Policy-Based Interventions on the Global Supply Chain Network

arXiv:2604.11479v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As global political tensions rise and the anticipation of additional tariffs from the United States on international trade increases, the issues of econ

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Structural Gating and Effect-aligned Lag-resolved Temporal Causal Discovery Framework with Application to Heat-Pollution Extremes

arXiv:2604.10371v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study proposes Structural Gating and Effect-aligned Discovery for Temporal Causal Discovery (SGED-TCD), a novel and general framework for lag-resol

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Agents

Structure-Grounded Knowledge Retrieval via Code Dependencies for Multi-Step Data Reasoning

arXiv:2604.10516v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Selecting the right knowledge is critical when using large language models (LLMs) to solve domain-specific data analysis tasks. However, most retrieval-

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Structured Causal Video Reasoning via Multi-Objective Alignment

arXiv:2604.04415v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Human understanding of video dynamics is typically grounded in a structured mental representation of entities, actions, and temporal relations, rath

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Tutorials

Structured State-Space Regularization for Compact and Generation-Friendly Image Tokenization

arXiv:2604.11089v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Image tokenizers are central to modern vision models as they often operate in latent spaces. An ideal latent space must be simultaneously compact and ge

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

STS-Mixer: Spatio-Temporal-Spectral Mixer for 4D Point Cloud Video Understanding

arXiv:2604.11637v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 4D point cloud videos capture rich spatial and temporal dynamics of scenes which possess unique values in various 4D understanding tasks. However, most

researcharxiv-cs-cv

STU-PID: Steering Token Usage via PID Controller for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

arXiv:2506.18831v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models employing extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning often suffer from the overthinking phenomenon, generating excessive and re

StyleBench: Evaluating thinking styles in Large Language Models

arXiv:2509.20868v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Structured reasoning can improve the inference performance of large language models (LLMs), but it also introduces computational cost and cont

Subargument Argumentation Frameworks: Separating Direct Conflict from Structural Dependency

arXiv:2601.12038v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Dung's abstract argumentation frameworks model acceptability solely in terms of an attack relation, thereby conflating two conceptually distinct asp

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Suiren-1.0 Technical Report: A Family of Molecular Foundation Models

arXiv:2603.21942v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce Suiren-1.0, a family of molecular foundation models for the accurate modeling of diverse organic systems. Suiren-1.0 comprising t

researcharxiv-cs-ai