Search: “tool-use”

VERPO: Verified Evidence Regularized Policy Optimization

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.06100v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Verifiable outcome rewards guide language-model post-training, but sequence-level advantages do not identify which token-level decisions should be prese

9 Sept 2026

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From Matching Models to Recruiting Agents: A Systematized Narrative Review of AI Recruitment Systems, Evaluation, and Governance

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.04286v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Artificial intelligence in recruitment has shifted the object being automated from profile pairs and ranked lists to multi-stage workflows that retrieve

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

7 Sept 2026

Rethinking Indirect Prompt Injection as a Test-Time Search Problem

arXiv:2609.04495v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We formulate indirect prompt injection as a test-time search over a task-dependent attack surface induced by the environment, user task, and injection t

7 Sept 2026

Same Request, Different Answer: Quantization Amplifies Cache-Induced Divergence in LLM Serving

arXiv:2609.04748v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prefix caching, in which a serving engine reuses the key and value tensors of a shared prompt prefix across requests, is enabled by default in the maj

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

7 Sept 2026

Editable Visual Design

arXiv:2609.04034v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While diffusion base models such as GPT-Image-2 and Nano-Banana exhibit remarkable visual expressiveness, their end-to-end generation inherently yield

FiMI Banking: A Sovereign Model for Indian Retail Banking

arXiv:2609.03960v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Banks need conversational systems that can answer product questions, assist customers with account-related requests, and operate safely within strict op

Proactive Service Agents: A Unified Decision Framework, Methods, and Evaluation

arXiv:2609.03727v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents can plan, invoke tools, and modify external states, yet most systems still take an explicit user instruction as a fixed star

ToolDF: Tool-Integrated Reasoning for Mixed-Authenticity Audio Deepfake Detection

arXiv:2609.03620v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audio deepfake detection is commonly formulated as clip-level binary classification of single-domain audio. However, real-world manipulated audio can

Belief-Calibrated Optimization: An Explicit World Model for Agentic Optimization

arXiv:2609.01861v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The performance of an LLM agent depends on the scaffold around a frozen model. A common way to improve that scaffold is to use a coding agent as an opti

EarlyEval: Cheaper Agent Evaluation via Early Outcome Prediction

arXiv:2609.02783v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating LLM agents is essential for guiding their development, yet it has grown prohibitively expensive: a single pass of a frontier model over an ag

How Fast Do Agents Rot? An Empirical Study of Long-Horizon Degradation in LLM Agents for Production Decision-Making

arXiv:2609.01660v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Production deployments of large language model (LLM) agents remain unreliable on long, multi-step workflows even as benchmark success rates climb stea

Learn from Whoever Is Right: Answer-Verified Multi-Teacher Distillation for Multi-Domain LLMs

arXiv:2609.02548v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern large language models (LLMs) rely on reinforcement learning to build strong capabilities in individual domains, but integrating those capabilit

READY or Not: Reliable Enterprise Agent Deployment

arXiv:2609.02095v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: An AI agent can perform well on benchmarks and still be unsuitable for deployment. Existing AI-agent benchmarks measure whether an agent can complete re

UTP-Bench: Uncertainty-aware Travel Planning Benchmark

arXiv:2609.02421v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in automated travel itinerary generation. However, real- world travel planni

Agentic Multimodal Models for Environmental Hyperspectral Unmixing

arXiv:2609.01289v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hyperspectral unmixing is a key task in remote sensing that aims to decompose mixed pixels in hyperspectral images into their constituent material signa

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Analog-DB: An Agent-First Analog Integrated Circuit Database, From Blocks to Systems

arXiv:2609.01286v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sharing analog integrated circuit designs remains difficult: foundry non-disclosure agreements restrict the process details a design depends on, and the

CaRL-EM: Cost-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Entity Matching with LLMs

arXiv:2609.01195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Entity matching (EM) requires fine-grained contextual understanding and domain knowledge. Recent work shows that large language models (LLMs) can serve

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

EmbodiedSkills: A Unified Framework for Orchestrating, Training, and Deploying VLA Agents

arXiv:2609.01281v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models map visual observations and language instructions directly to robot actions, but long-horizon tasks require more t

Explore More, Drift Less: Outcome-Only Reinforcement Learning Can Suffice for Long-Horizon Interactive Agents

arXiv:2609.01245v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning is a natural way to post-train LLM agents for long-horizon interactive tasks judged only by end-of-task verification, yet a sha

HugAgent: A Human Simulation Benchmark for Individual-Level Reasoning

arXiv:2510.15144v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Simulating human reasoning in open-ended tasks has long been a central aspiration in AI and cognitive science. While large language models now appro

MemoryWalker: Stop Training Agents on Contexts They Never Saw

arXiv:2609.00865v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Production agent harnesses such as Claude Code and Qwen-Agent compress context during rollout, but training under compression creates a conditioning p

RestoreBench: Can AI Agents Restore Power Flow Convergence?

arXiv:2609.00384v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly automate multi-step engineering workflows through tool use, interpretation of intermediate results, and i

Skill Following: Evaluating Actual Skill Use in Retrieval-Enabled LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.00549v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external skills, yet standard evaluations obscure whether retrieving these skills actually helps.

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

trajectory-judge: What Outcome-Only LLM Judges Miss on Agent Trajectories

arXiv:2609.00038v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Outcome-only evaluation is the production default for LLM agents: show a judge the request and the final reply and ask whether it was handled well. Th

UI-Venus-2 Technical Report

arXiv:2609.00028v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal GUI agents have emerged as a promising paradigm for digital task automation, yet transitioning from benchmark-oriented models to dependable r

Agent Zero Memory: Provenance-Aware Long-Term Memory for LLM Agents

arXiv:2608.29606v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents need durable, faithful memory of everything a user or organization has said and stored, yet most memory systems commit

AgenTRIM: Tool Risk Mitigation for Agentic AI

arXiv:2601.12449v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: AI agents are autonomous systems that combine LLMs with external tools to solve complex tasks. While such tools extend capability, improper to

Arkios: An Open Bilingual English-Nepali Language Model Trained From Scratch, with a Devanagari-Aware Tokenizer

arXiv:2608.30092v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present Arkios, a 1.04B-parameter dense transformer pretrained from scratch on 150B tokens of bilingual English-Nepali text, using a custom single-

Automatic Conversion of NICE Guidelines to an Executable Computational Model Using Large Language Models

arXiv:2608.30022v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Introduction: NICE guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical care but remain largely in unstructured natural language. Existing app

Beyond the Answer Key: Robustness Evaluation of Large Language Models for Step-Level Mathematical Verification

arXiv:2608.28725v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as graders, verifiers, and process auditors, but most mathematical evaluations still emphasize final-

Evaluating LLM-based AI agents integrated with materials synthesis tools: the case of atomic layer deposition

arXiv:2608.29309v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work provides an overview of the different strategies that can be used to evaluate the performance of AI models and agents based on large languag

GUI-PRA: Process Reward Agent for GUI Tasks

arXiv:2509.23263v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long-horizon GUI automation remains challenging due to error accumulation over extended interaction sequences. Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide

Learning to Reason and Use Tools through Unsupervised Fine-Tuning in Task-Oriented Dialog Systems

arXiv:2608.30426v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current dialogue systems struggle with dynamic information retrieval, often leading to hallucinations and lower response accuracy. We address this by ad

Measure Before You Manage: Evaluating Agent Working Memory in Coding Agents

arXiv:2608.31057v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent working memory is heterogeneous. Objects such as instructions, artifacts, tool outputs, and agent-generated state play different semantic roles an

Reconciling Process Supervision with Outcome-Based Credit in Agentic Policy Optimization

arXiv:2608.31077v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides verified feedback for language-model agents, but assigns trajectory-level advantage uniformly to all decis

SciOrch: Learning to Orchestrate Expert LLMs for Solving Frontier Multimodal Scientific Reasoning Tasks

arXiv:2606.15872v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Frontier scientific reasoning remains a major challenge for large language models (LLMs), where even the strongest commercial systems fall short of

TRACER: Per-Tool Context Retention for LLM Agents via Consequence-Attributed Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2608.29363v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enterprise data agents answer business queries by chaining many tool calls over multiple reasoning steps, routinely accumulating hundreds of thousands o

VisLens: Single-Pass Interpretable Visual Search for Multimodal LLMs

arXiv:2608.30705v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) struggle with fine-grained Visual Search, the task of locating small or rare objects in high-resolution images.

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

What Makes Agent Memory Useful for Reliable Unanswerable Question Handling?

arXiv:2608.27924v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable handling of unanswerable questions (UAQs) is critical for trustworthy LLM-based agents. Although memory is widely used in agent systems, its ro

31 Aug 2026

Why Didn't It Check? Unsupported Final Claims and Their Repair in Two Tool-Equipped Language Models

arXiv:2608.27768v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A language model with access to tools can commit to a final claim unsupported by the evidence it has seen, even when a single available tool call woul

31 Aug 2026

Agentic AI for operating scientific instruments for nanoscale characterization

arXiv:2608.26198v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Operating a scientific instrument such as an atomic force microscope (AFM) requires continuous expert decision-making. A trained user defines the experi

AgentJudgeBench: A Multi-Difficulty Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Judges on Agentic Tool-Calling

arXiv:2608.26623v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM judges are widely used to evaluate agentic tool-calling systems, yet their reliability on structured, dependency-driven workflows remains largely un

Applications

Neuro-symbolic PRM: Enhancing Scientific Reasoning via Structured Traces and Symbolic Verification

arXiv:2608.26329v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While tool-augmented Large Language Models have significantly improved multi-step reasoning in quantitative STEM tasks, a critical residual failure mode

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

The Cold-Start Safety Gap in LLM Agents

arXiv:2606.07867v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Are tool-calling LLM agents equally safe throughout a conversation? We discover they are not: agents are most vulnerable at the very start of a sess

Think3D: Thinking with Space for Spatial Reasoning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2601.13029v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at 2D visual understanding, they remain constrained by 2D-centric paradigm that severely limits genuine 3D

AgentWorld: Personality-Aware Reliability Evaluation for Agentic Information Retrieval

arXiv:2608.24076v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluation of agentic information retrieval remains limited to scripted interactions with uniform users, missing both natural personality diversity and

26 Aug 2026

Are Android GUI Agents Robust Against Runtime Anomalies? AnTrap: Evaluating Agents in Dynamic Adversarial Environments

arXiv:2608.24099v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: GUI agents often encounter dynamic anomalies when deployed on Android devices, from unexpected pop-ups to action misuse, yet existing benchmarks lack sy

26 Aug 2026

From State to Action: OODA-Tool for Reliable Multi-Turn Tool Use

arXiv:2608.24368v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable multi-turn tool use requires an agent to preserve an evolving task state and ensure that each action remains consistent with it. However, direc