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Tracing the Roots: A Multi-Agent Framework for Uncovering Data Lineage in Post-Training LLMs

arXiv:2604.10480v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training data plays a pivotal role in shaping the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet datasets are often treated as isolated artifact

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Tracing the Thought of a Grandmaster-level Chess-Playing Transformer

DGX agent

arXiv:2604.10158v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While modern transformer neural networks achieve grandmaster-level performance in chess and other reasoning tasks, their internal computation process re

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

14 Apr 2026

Tracking High-order Evolutions via Cascading Low-rank Fitting

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2604.10980v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models have become the de facto standard for modern visual generation, including well-established frameworks such as latent diffusion and flow

Training Deep Visual Networks Beyond Loss and Accuracy Through a Dynamical Systems Approach

arXiv:2604.09716v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep visual recognition models are usually trained and evaluated using metrics such as loss and accuracy. While these measures show whether a model is

Training-Free Cross-Lingual Dysarthria Severity Assessment via Phonological Subspace Analysis in Self-Supervised Speech Representations

arXiv:2604.10123v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dysarthric speech severity assessment typically requires trained clinicians or supervised models built from labelled pathological speech, limiting scala

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensation

arXiv:2604.11564v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Single-image super-resolution has progressed from deep convolutional baselines to stronger Transformer and state-space architectures, yet the correspond

Training-Free Multi-User Generative Semantic Communications via Null-Space Diffusion Sampling

arXiv:2405.09866v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In recent years, novel communication strategies have emerged to face the challenges that the increased number of connected devices and the hig

Training-Free Object-Background Compositional T2I via Dynamic Spatial Guidance and Multi-Path Pruning

arXiv:2604.09850v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing text-to-image diffusion models, while excelling at subject synthesis, exhibit a persistent foreground bias that treats the background as a pass

Trajectory-based actuator identification via differentiable simulation

arXiv:2604.10351v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate actuation models are critical for bridging the gap between simulation and real robot behavior, yet obtaining high-fidelity actuator dynamics ty

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

TrajOnco: a multi-agent framework for temporal reasoning over longitudinal EHR for multi-cancer early detection

arXiv:2604.10386v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate estimation of cancer risk from longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) could support earlier detection and improved care, but modeling su

Transactional Attention: Semantic Sponsorship for KV-Cache Retention

arXiv:2604.11288v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: At K=16 tokens (0.4% of a 4K context), every existing KV-cache compression method achieves 0% on credential retrieval. The failure mode is dormant token

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Transformers for dynamical systems learn transfer operators in-context

arXiv:2602.18679v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large-scale foundation models for scientific machine learning adapt to physical settings unseen during training, such as zero-shot transfer between

Transformers Learn Latent Mixture Models In-Context via Mirror Descent

arXiv:2604.10848v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sequence modelling requires determining which past tokens are causally relevant from the context and their importance: a process inherent to the attenti

Transformers Learn the Optimal DDPM Denoiser for Multi-Token GMMs

arXiv:2604.10074v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformer-based diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance at generating high-quality samples. However, our theoretical understanding o

TraversalBench: Challenging Paths to Follow for Vision Language Models

arXiv:2604.10999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) perform strongly on many multimodal benchmarks. However, the ability to follow complex visual paths -- a task that human o

Hardware

Tree Training: Accelerating Agentic LLMs Training via Shared Prefix Reuse

arXiv:2511.00413v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Agentic large language model (LLM) training often involves multi-turn interaction trajectories that branch into multiple execution paths due to conc

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

TreeGrad-Ranker: Feature Ranking via O(L)-Time Gradients for Decision Trees

arXiv:2602.11623v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We revisit the use of probabilistic values, which include the well-known Shapley and Banzhaf values, to rank features for explaining the local predi

Triviality Corrected Endogenous Reward

arXiv:2604.11522v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning for open-ended text generation is constrained by the lack of verifiable rewards, necessitating reliance on judge models that requ

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Trust Your Memory: Verifiable Control of Smart Homes through Reinforcement Learning with Multi-dimensional Rewards

arXiv:2604.10110v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a key foundation for enabling personalized smart home experiences. While existing studies have explored how sma

Trustworthy Feature Importance Avoids Unrestricted Permutations

arXiv:2604.11253v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Feature importance methods using unrestricted permutations are flawed due to extrapolation errors; such errors appear in all non-trivial variable impo

TS-Haystack: A Multi-Scale Retrieval Benchmark for Time Series Language Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2602.14200v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Time Series Language Models (TSLMs) are emerging as unified models for reasoning over continuous signals in natural language. However, long-context

Applications

Tuning Language Models for Robust Prediction of Diverse User Behaviors

arXiv:2505.17682v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Predicting user behavior is essential for intelligent assistant services, yet deep learning models often struggle to capture long-tailed behav

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Tuning Qwen2.5-VL to Improve Its Web Interaction Skills

arXiv:2604.09571v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have sparked growing interest in using them to automate web tasks, yet their feasibility as independe

Turing or Cantor: That is the Question

arXiv:2604.10418v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Alan Turing is considered as a founder of current computer science together with Kurt Godel, Alonzo Church and John von Neumann. In this paper multiple

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Turing Test on Screen: A Benchmark for Mobile GUI Agent Humanization

arXiv:2604.09574v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rise of autonomous GUI agents has triggered adversarial countermeasures from digital platforms, yet existing research prioritizes utility and robust

Turning Generators into Retrievers: Unlocking MLLMs for Natural Language-Guided Geo-Localization

arXiv:2604.10721v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Natural-language Guided Cross-view Geo-localization (NGCG) aims to retrieve geo-tagged satellite imagery using textual descriptions of ground scenes.

U^{2}Flow: Uncertainty-Aware Unsupervised Optical Flow Estimation

arXiv:2604.10056v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unsupervised optical flow methods typically lack reliable uncertainty estimation, limiting their robustness and interpretability. We propose U^{2}Flow,

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

Local Ai

UBio-MolFM: A Universal Molecular Foundation Model for Bio-Systems

arXiv:2602.17709v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: All-atom molecular simulation serves as a quintessential ``computational microscope'' for understanding the machinery of life, yet it remains

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

UDAPose: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Low-Light Human Pose Estimation

arXiv:2604.10485v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Low-visibility scenarios, such as low-light conditions, pose significant challenges to human pose estimation due to the scarcity of annotated low-ligh

Local Ai

UHD-GPGNet: UHD Video Denoising via Gaussian-Process-Guided Local Spatio-Temporal Modeling

arXiv:2604.11014v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ultra-high-definition (UHD) video denoising requires simultaneously suppressing complex spatio-temporal degradations, preserving fine textures and chrom

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Ultra-Low-Dimensional Prompt Tuning via Random Projection

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2502.04501v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models achieve state-of-the-art performance but are increasingly costly to fine-tune. Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient fine-tun

Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking

arXiv:2604.11036v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientific fact-checking is vital for assessing claims in specialized domains such as biomedicine and materials science, yet existing systems often ha

Uncertainty-Based Ensemble Learning in CMR Semantic Segmentation

arXiv:2502.09269v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing methods derive clinical functional metrics from ventricular semantic segmentation in cardiac cine sequences. While performing well on overa

Uncertainty-Guided Attention and Entropy-Weighted Loss for Precise Plant Seedling Segmentation

arXiv:2604.10823v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Plant seedling segmentation supports automated phenotyping in precision agriculture. Standard segmentation models face difficulties due to intricate bac

Uncertainty-quantified Pulse Signal Recovery from Facial Video using Regularized Stochastic Interpolants

arXiv:2604.10777v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Imaging Photoplethysmography (iPPG), an optical procedure which recovers a human's blood volume pulse (BVP) waveform using pixel readout from a camera,

Applications

Understanding Generalization in Role-Playing Models via Information Theory

arXiv:2512.17270v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Role-playing models (RPMs) are widely used in real-world applications but underperform when deployed in the wild. This degradation can be attr

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Unfolding 3D Gaussian Splatting via Iterative Gaussian Synopsis

arXiv:2604.11685v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has become a state-of-the-art framework for real-time, high-fidelity novel view synthesis. However, its substantial storage

Unified Graph Prompt Learning via Low-Rank Graph Message Prompting

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2604.11257v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Graph Data Prompt (GDP), which introduces specific prompts in graph data for efficiently adapting pre-trained GNNs, has become a mainstream approach to

Unified Removal of Raindrops and Reflections: A New Benchmark and A Novel Pipeline

arXiv:2603.16446v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: When capturing images through glass surfaces or windshields on rainy days, raindrops and reflections frequently co-occur to significantly reduce the

Agents

Unified Unsupervised and Sparsely-Supervised 3D Object Detection by Semantic Pseudo-Labeling and Prototype Learning

arXiv:2602.21484v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: 3D object detection is essential for autonomous driving and robotic perception, yet its reliance on large-scale manually annotated data limits scala

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Unifying Ontology Construction and Semantic Alignment for Deterministic Enterprise Reasoning at Scale

arXiv:2604.09608v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While enterprises amass vast quantities of data, much of it remains chaotic and effectively dormant, preventing decision-making based on comprehensive i

UNIGEOCLIP: Unified Geospatial Contrastive Learning

arXiv:2604.11668v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The growing availability of co-located geospatial data spanning aerial imagery, street-level views, elevation models, text, and geographic coordinates o

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Agents

Unilateral Relationship Revision Power in Human-AI Companion Interaction

arXiv:2603.23315v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: When providers update AI companions, users report grief, betrayal, and loss. A growing literature asks whether the norms governing personal re

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

UniPROT: Uniform Prototype Selection via Partial Optimal Transport with Submodular Guarantees

arXiv:2604.10952v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Selecting prototypical examples from a source distribution to represent a target data distribution is a fundamental problem in machine learning. Existin

UniToolCall: Unifying Tool-Use Representation, Data, and Evaluation for LLM Agents

arXiv:2604.11557v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool-use capability is a fundamental component of LLM agents, enabling them to interact with external systems through structured function calls. However

Universal statistical signatures of evolution in artificial intelligence architectures

arXiv:2604.10571v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We test whether artificial intelligence architectural evolution obeys the same statistical laws as biological evolution. Compiling 935 ablation experi

Universality of first-order methods on random and deterministic matrices

arXiv:2604.11729v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: General first-order methods (GFOM) are a flexible class of iterative algorithms which update a state vector by matrix-vector multiplications and entry

Unmixing-Guided Spatial-Spectral Mamba with Clustering Tokens for Hyperspectral Image Classification

arXiv:2604.09948v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Although hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is critical for supporting various environmental applications, it is a challenging task due to the spe

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv