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The Truth Was Never Gone: Perfect Aliasing in Compliant-Context Truth Probes

arXiv:2609.10739v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A truth probe fitted where truthful reporting and a task's prescribed action coincide cannot distinguish those targets from its fitting labels alone.

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Model Releases

Think Before You Link: Rarity, Reasoning, and Retrieval in Multilingual Entity Linking

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.10745v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal entity linking grounds entity mentions in text and images to knowledge-base entries. These systems degrade on rare entities, but prior work m

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

11 Sept 2026

Towards Reliable Medical LLMs: Benchmarking and Enhancing Confidence Estimation of Large Language Models in Medical Consultation

arXiv:2601.15645v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large-scale language models (LLMs) often offer clinical judgments based on incomplete information, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis. Existing stu

TransClean: A Benchmark for Detecting and Extracting Clean Translations from Large Language Model Outputs

arXiv:2609.11399v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for machine translation, yet their outputs often contain additional text beyond the translation itsel

Trust Me, I'm Your Developer: Self-Issued Authentication in Large Language Models

arXiv:2609.03247v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) security has largely focused on role-playing jailbreaks, with less attention to what happens when a user asks an LLM to ver

Two-Parameter Flow Map Learning for Continuous-Time Diffeomorphic Image Registration

arXiv:2609.10789v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffeomorphic image registration is central to medical image analysis, enabling anatomically consistent alignment across subjects. Most learning-based d

UniH^3: Unifying Hierarchical Homogeneity and Heterogeneity for All-in-One Medical Image Restoration

arXiv:2609.11156v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: All-in-One medical image restoration (MedIR) aims to address diverse tasks across modalities and degradation types using a single universal model. Exist

Vision Transformer-Based Multi-Level Feature Fusion for Multi-Label Sewer Defect Classification

arXiv:2609.11375v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated classification of sewer defects is essential for infrastructure condition assessment and maintenance decision-making, but existing deep learni

Watermarks Without Verification: AI Text Watermarking After the EU AI Act

arXiv:2609.09604v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On August 2, 2026, the obligations of Article 50 of the EU AI Act took effect, requiring generative AI providers to mark the content their systems pro

Weighted Empirical Risk Minimization for Machine Learning under Long-Range Dependence: Exact Pathwise Rates and Learning-Error Geometry

arXiv:2609.10767v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop an exact almost-sure learning theory for smooth parametric models trained by regularly weighted empirical risk minimization on long-range d

When do cheap embeddings beat protein language models? A theoretically-grounded hashing sketch for biological sequence classification

arXiv:2512.10147v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: extbf{Motivation:} Pre-trained protein language models (PLMs) such as ESM-2 have become the default representation for biological sequence tasks, bu

When is Test-Time Adaptation Identifiable From Unlabeled Evidence?

arXiv:2609.11235v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers many ways to update a deployed model without labels, but choosing the wrong update can make a strong source model wors

When Synthetic Data Hurts: On Catastrophic Forgetting in Skill Retrieval for LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.10750v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents increasingly rely on external skills retrieved at runtime, making skill selection from large repositories a critical challenge. We present

Which Tokens Should SFT Actually Learn? A Token-Trimming Perspective on Mathematical Reasoning

arXiv:2609.09707v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) applies a uniform cross-entropy loss to all target tokens, even though different tokens provide unequal learning signals fo

Whisper-Based Speech Transcription from Videos Across Multiple Languages for Cross-Cultural Understanding

arXiv:2609.11772v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cross-cultural understanding has become increasingly important in today's highly connected, cross-national world. The success of LLM-based technologie

XAI-Arena: Can LLMs Assess the Quality of XAI Explanations?

arXiv:2609.09428v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating the quality of explanations produced by explainable AI (XAI) methods remains challenging because existing approaches often rely on subjective

3rd Place Solution to Human Motion Challenges in Real-World and Clinical Settings (MoCha) @ECCV2026: Language-Aligned Motion Representations for Domain-Generalizable UPDRS-Gait Severity Estimation

arXiv:2609.10187v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this work, we introduce language-aligned motion representations for domain-generalizable UPDRS-Gait severity estimation, aiming to learn semantically

5-Dialects-BN: Unmasking the Impact of Transliteration on Bangla Dialectal LLMs

arXiv:2609.09964v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their capabilities degrade sharply fo

A Decade of Bayesian Optimization for Controller Tuning and Robot Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Future Prospects

arXiv:2609.09403v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the past decade, Bayesian optimization (BO) has emerged as a powerful and adaptable framework for automatic controller tuning and robot learning. Thi

A Later Test Set Is Not a New Domain: Pretraining Familiarity Survives a Contamination-Free Hold-Out

arXiv:2609.10357v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Time-series foundation models are evaluated almost exclusively on public archives that predate them, so a strong score cannot be separated from having s

A Minimum-Energy Control Approach for Redundant Mobile Manipulators in Physical Human-Robot Interaction Applications

arXiv:2603.25259v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Research on mobile manipulation systems that physically interact with humans has expanded rapidly in recent years, opening the way to tasks which co

A practical DIRECT-type algorithm for medium-scale black-box global optimization

arXiv:2609.09796v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The DIRECT algorithm is a deterministic global optimization method known for its versatility and balanced exploration-exploitation strategy. However, DI

A Systematic Evaluation of Molecule Generation Models for De Novo Drug Design: From Benchmarks to Practical Insights

arXiv:2609.10099v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Molecule generation has emerged as a powerful computational tool for de novo drug design, enabling the exploration of chemical space beyond the limits o

A Tool-Augmented, GPT-4 Chatbot for Real-Time Repository Data Analysis

arXiv:2609.07586v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Software repositories contain vast amounts of data on code contributions, bug reports, and project activities, yet this information remains challenging

A Translational Note on AI Safety Evaluation

arXiv:2609.06573v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent studies report that automated red-teaming finds more vulnerabilities, at lower cost, than human red-teaming on standard AI safety benchmarks, and

A visual large language foundational model for medical image recognition using clinician-oriented social media

arXiv:2609.06914v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across diverse domains, showing considerable potential in medicine. However, their ap

Active Adaptation, Not Static Defense: Temporal Dynamics of Preventative Steering in Adversarial Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2609.10142v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models remain fragile against malicious fine-tuning, motivating training-time defenses against harmful persona drift. Preventative Steeri

Adaptive Shared Control with Online Bounded-Rational Human Behavior Estimation

arXiv:2609.10215v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This work considers adaptive shared human-robot control for nonlinear control-affine systems, where the assumption of a fully rational human is relaxed

Adversarial Training for Tabular Credit Scoring: A Multi-Attack Robustness Evaluation in P2P Lending

arXiv:2609.09945v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Machine learning-based credit scoring is increasingly central to Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending, yet its resilience to adversarial manipulation, where appli

AgentFairBench: Do LLM Agents Discriminate When They Act?

arXiv:2606.16723v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly take actions (screening applicants, recommending credit, triaging patients), yet fairness for LLMs is

Agentic Algorithm Engineering: Improving Shared-Memory Exact Minimum Cuts

arXiv:2609.07204v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The minimum cut problem for an undirected edge-weighted graph asks us to divide its set of nodes into two blocks while minimizing the weighted sum of th

Agentic BAIM-LLM Evaluation (ABLE): Benchmarking LLM Use of Protein Design Tools

arXiv:2609.05818v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce ABLE, a benchmark for evaluating LLM agents' ability to use biological AI models (BAIMs), such as ProteinMPNN and AlphaFold3, in dual-use p

Agentic ML Exploration (A-MLE) for Ads Ranking

arXiv:2609.08248v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern industrial ads ranking stacks are increasingly bottlenecked not by model capacity or training compute, but by the throughput of human ML iteratio

AgentIdeaBench: Benchmarking Scientific Ideation in the Agent Era

arXiv:2609.07611v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific ideation is the capacity to formulate novel and testable hypotheses from scientific evidence, and autonomous AI scientists depend on it. Exis

AgroVisNet: A lightweight Convolutional Network and the BD-PlantDX Expert-Validated Benchmark for Radish, Potato and Pointed Gourd Disease Classification

arXiv:2609.10469v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated plant disease diagnosis is increasingly deployed on farmer-held devices in regions where agronomic expertise is scarce and network connectivit

Albedo Estimation via Latent Bridge Matching

arXiv:2609.09884v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in Intrinsic Image Decomposition (IID) have increasingly relied on generative models. However, progress remains limited by three key cha

Algorithmic Optimality Guarantees for Nonsmooth H_infty Output-Feedback Policy Search

arXiv:2609.06197v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study continuous-time full-order dynamic output-feedback H_infty policy search, a nonconvex and nonsmooth problem. Direct policy search is a centra

AlignDiff: Exploiting Model-Intrinsic Information for Better Preference Data Selection

arXiv:2609.05899v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Aligning large language models with human preferences remains a challenge, primarily due to the critical role of preference data quality in effective

Alignment Whack-a-Mole : Finetuning Activates Verbatim Recall of Copyrighted Books in Large Language Models

arXiv:2603.20957v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Frontier LLM companies have repeatedly assured courts and regulators that their models do not store copies of training data. They further rely

An Evolutionary Framework for Automatic Optimization Benchmark Generation via Large Language Models

arXiv:2601.12723v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Optimization benchmarks play a fundamental role in assessing algorithm performance; however, existing artificial benchmarks often fail to capt

Anatomy-Grounded Weakly Supervised Prompt Tuning for Chest X-ray Latent Diffusion Models

arXiv:2506.10633v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Latent Diffusion Models have shown remarkable results in text-guided image synthesis in recent years. In the domain of natural (RGB) images, recent

API Benchmark Scores Do Not Reliably Transfer to Chatbot Interfaces

arXiv:2609.08861v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Benchmark scores are a central currency in model releases: they inform purchasing decisions, shape public trust, and influence policy. Yet, a key assump

ASDA: Automated Skill Distillation and Adaptation for Financial Reasoning

arXiv:2603.16112v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Adapting large language models (LLMs) to specialized financial reasoning typically requires expensive fine-tuning that produces model-locked e

Assembling Two Parts in One Hand

arXiv:2609.10137v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A hallmark of human dexterity is the cooperative use of fingers, where different fingers take on distinct yet coordinated roles to accomplish fine manip

AtomCite: Verification and Correction of Supplied Page-Level Citations in Multi-Page Documents

arXiv:2609.05802v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models answering questions over multi-page documents are expected to cite the supporting pages, yet supplied citations are sometimes in

AttnCompress: Dynamic Attention-Guided Trajectory Compression for Software Engineering Agents

arXiv:2609.08318v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The transition from human-centric assistance to Autonomous Software Engineering (ASE) agents has enabled the resolution of complex real-world SE tasks

Attribution in Scientific Literature: New Benchmark and Methods

arXiv:2405.02228v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly generate citation-backed responses, yet citation hallucination remains a major challenge for trustwo

Audio-Maestro: Enhancing Large Audio-Language Models with Tool-Augmented Reasoning

arXiv:2510.11454v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advancements in large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown strong capabilities in audio understanding. However, most systems rely solely