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Retrying vs Resampling in AI Control

arXiv:2605.26047v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI coding scaffolds like Claude Code and Codex use extit{retrying}: blocking actions flagged as risky and continuing the trajectory. We study retrying f

Revisiting Pre-Propagation GNNs: Robust Diffusion Operators and Hidden-State Re-Propagation

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Human DGX agent

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DGX agent

arXiv:2605.25111v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pre-propagation graph neural networks (PPGNNs) decouple node feature propagation from transformation: graph diffusion is performed once as preprocessing

researcharxiv-cs-lg

26 May 2026

Reward-free Alignment for Conflicting Objectives

arXiv:2602.02495v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Direct alignment methods are increasingly used to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, many real-world alignmen

Reward Shaping and Action Masking for Compositional Tasks using Behavior Trees and LLMs

arXiv:2605.05795v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Decomposing complex tasks into a sequence of simpler subtasks can improve learning efficiency for an autonomous agent. Reinforcement learning (RL) c

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Rewarding Structural Conformance of Reasoning using Process Mining

arXiv:2510.25065v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in sparse reward policy gradient methods have enabled effective reinforcement learning (RL)-based language model post-training. Howe

Riemannian Archetypal Analysis: Interpretable non-linear data analysis on deformed star distributions

arXiv:2605.24113v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Classical archetypal analysis is appealing for its interpretability, but its linear geometry can limit performance on data with strongly non-linear stru

Riemannian-Manifold Steering: Geometry-Aware Generative Autoencoders for Label-Free Steering

arXiv:2605.24942v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Steering a language model - intervening on its internal activations to change downstream behaviour - has recently expanded beyond linear interpolation

Right-Sizing Communication and Recommendation Set Size in AI-Assisted Search

arXiv:2605.23944v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We model the interaction between a user and an AI driven recommendation system. The user initiates the process by conveying preference information throu

RiskBridge: Turning CVEs into Business-Aligned Patch Priorities

arXiv:2601.06201v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Enterprises are confronted with an unprecedented escalation in cybersecurity vulnerabilities, with thousands of new CVEs disclosed each month.

RL with Learnable Textual Feedback: A Bilevel Approach

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.24547v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards can improve LLM reasoning, but learning remains sample-inefficient when terminal rewards are sparse. This

Applications

RoboHitch: Learning Visual Affordance from Disordered Keypoints for Hitch Knots Tying

arXiv:2605.24394v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robotic manipulation of deformable linear objects (DLOs) presents significant challenges due to complex dynamics and frequent self-occlusions. Existing

applicationsarxiv-cs-ro

RoboManipBaselines: A Unified Framework for Imitation Learning in Robotic Manipulation across Real and Simulation Environments

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2509.17057v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present RoboManipBaselines, an open-source software framework for imitation learning research in robotic manipulation. The framework supports the

Robust Fuzzy Multi-view Learning under View Conflict

arXiv:2605.24475v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Trusted multi-view classification aims to deliver reliable fusion for accurate predictions and has recently attracted substantial attention in both ac

Robust inference using density-powered Stein operators

arXiv:2511.03963v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce a density-power weighted variant for the Stein operator, called the gamma-Stein operator. This is a novel class of operators deri

ROC Analysis for Evaluating Translation Quality Estimation Systems

arXiv:2605.24721v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The increasing use of automated translation quality estimation (QE) systems calls for practical, decision-oriented methods for evaluating their performa

researcharxiv-cs-cl

RotMoLE: Enhancing Mixture of Low-Rank Experts through Rotational Gating Mechanism

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.25565v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly fine-tuned to handle domain-specific tasks before being applied to vertical applications, adapting the

RouteScan: A Non-Intrusive Approach to Auditing MoE LLMs Safety via Expert Routing Telemetry

arXiv:2605.24817v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become an increasingly important paradigm for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs). As MoE models are incr

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Routing by Analogy: kNN-Augmented Expert Assignment for Mixture-of-Experts

arXiv:2601.02144v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale large language models efficiently by employing a parametric ``router'' to dispatch tokens to a sp

Rubato: Transcribing Piano Music with Timestamps

arXiv:2605.24291v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We consider the conversion of musical recordings into human-readable sheet music annotated with timestamps. Such output lets a listener clearly visual

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Hardware

SA-Kura: An Energy-Efficient Systolic Array Accelerator for Locally-Coupled Kuramoto Drift in Diffusion Sampling

arXiv:2605.24016v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion inference remains costly for edge deployment, yet existing accelerators focus almost exclusively on score networks because standard drift is

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

SAE-FD: Sparse Autoencoder Feature Distillation for Continual Learning of Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.25525v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continual learning enables large language models to adapt to evolving tasks without retraining from scratch, yet catastrophic forgetting remains a centr

SafeCtrl-RL: Inference-Time Adaptive Behaviour Control for LLM Dialogue via RL-Driven Prompt Optimisation

arXiv:2605.25984v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ensuring safe and contextually appropriate behaviour in Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for real-world deployment. We presen

Safety-Critical Whole-Body Control for Humanoid Robots via Input-to-State Safe Control Barrier Functions

arXiv:2605.25546v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety-critical control is essential for humanoid robots operating in complex human-centered environments, where physical safety constraints such as joi

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Safety Generalization Under Distribution Shift in Safe Reinforcement Learning: A Diabetes Testbed

arXiv:2601.21094v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms are typically evaluated under fixed training conditions. We investigate whether training-time safe

Safety-Oriented Routing Analysis of Mixtral MoE Under Benign and Harmful Prompts

arXiv:2605.24270v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) language models activate only a small subset of parameters for each token, making router behavior a central part of mode

SafetyRepro: Configuration-Conditional Rank Instability on Alignment Benchmarks

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.25492v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pairwise model comparisons drawn from foundation-model benchmarks ('A is safer than B') are read as quantitative verdicts but hinge on harness choices b

SAM: State-Adaptive Memory for Long-Horizon Reasoning Agent

arXiv:2605.24468v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon agentic reasoning requires large language models to act over long interaction histories containing thoughts, tool calls, observations, and

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

SAMark: A Self-Anchored Text Watermarking with Paragraph-Level Paraphrase Robustness

arXiv:2605.25796v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Semantic-level watermarking (SWM) improves robustness against text modifications by treating sentences as the basic unit. However, robustness to parag

Applications

Saturating Scaling Laws for Equational Discovery: A Phenomenology of Growth Dynamics in Three Toy Substrates with Two Real-World Replications

arXiv:2605.23983v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate growth dynamics in deterministic equational discovery substrates. Across three toy domains (arithmetic, boolean, higher-order list; n=592

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Scale When Needed: Adaptive Neuron-level Mixed Precision Quantization Aware Training

arXiv:2605.25054v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deploying deep neural networks on resource-constrained 6G edge devices demands aggressive compression with minimal accuracy loss. Quantization-Aware T

ScaleAcross Explorer: Exploring Communication Optimization for Scale-Across AI Model Training

arXiv:2605.24326v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid scaling of large language model training requires distributing GPU resources across multiple data center buildings and regions. We refer to

Scaling Natural-Language Graph-Based Test Time Compute for Automated Theorem Proving

arXiv:2503.11657v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks requiring multi-step logical reasoning capabili

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Scaling up Energy-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Mission-Oriented Drone Networks with Individual Reward

arXiv:2605.24992v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown wide applicability in collaborative systems such as autonomous driving and smart cities for its ab

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Scheduling LLM Inference with Uncertainty-Aware Output Length Predictions

arXiv:2604.00499v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: To schedule LLM inference, the extit{shortest job first} (SJF) principle is favorable by prioritizing requests with short output lengths to avoid he

Schema-Grounded LLM Extraction for FHIR Patient Digital Twins

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2601.05847v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We revisit the problem of constructing interoperable patient digital twins from unstructured electronic health records (EHRs) and argue that the tas

SEAL: Synergistic Co-Evolution of Agents and Learning Environments

arXiv:2605.24426v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly improved through interaction, yet most self-evolution methods adapt either the policy or the learning

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Second Guess: Detecting Uncertainty Through Abstention and Answer Stability in Small Language Models

arXiv:2605.25394v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models often generate confident but incorrect answers rather than abstaining when uncertain. This problem is particularly acute for small

Security in the Fine-Tuning Lifecycle of Large Language Models: Threats, Defenses,Evaluation, and Future Directions

arXiv:2605.25073v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Background: Fine-tuning is central to adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but its reliance on training data, parame

Security of OpenClaw Agents: Fundamentals, Attacks, and Countermeasures

arXiv:2605.25435v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid evolution of large language model (LLM)-driven autonomous agents has given rise to OpenClaw, a new class of open-source agent frameworks that

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

SEED: Semi-supervised Continual MalwarE Detection for Tackling ConcEpt Drift on a BuDget

arXiv:2605.24903v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning based malware detectors become obsolete over time due to concept drift in benign and malware applications. Recent methods rely on ful

Seeing Inside the Storm: Improving Nowcasting by Integrating Meteorological Drivers

arXiv:2605.24067v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Most nowcasting systems, built on radar reflectivity, focus on current precipitation, ignoring the atmospheric precursors -- such as low-level converg

SEIDM: A Safe and Efficient Intelligent Driver Model for Autonomous Driving Behavior

arXiv:2605.23915v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) is a cornerstone of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), valued for its interpretable parameters and effectiveness in car

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Selection-Induced Contraction of Innovation Statistics in Gated Kalman Filters

arXiv:2512.18508v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Validation gating is a fundamental component of classical Kalman-based tracking systems. Only measurements whose normalized innovation squared

Selective Latent Thinking: Adaptive Compression of LLM Reasoning Chains

arXiv:2605.25745v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning substantially improves the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), but incurs high inference cost d

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Tutorials

Selective Test-Time Compute Scaling for Click-Through Rate Prediction via Uncertainty-Triggered Feature Path Exploration

arXiv:2605.24989v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scaling test-time compute has proven highly effective for language models, yet this opportunity remains largely unexplored for industrial Click-Throug

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Self-Balancing Gradient Allocation for Heterogeneity-Aware Feature Generation in Click-Through Rate Prediction

arXiv:2605.24986v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative pre-training via discrete diffusion provides dense reconstruction supervision across all feature fields simultaneously, mitigating represen

SemanticZip: A Pilot Framework for Lossy Text Compression with LLMs as Semantic Decompressors

arXiv:2605.24541v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text compression for large language model (LLM) systems is usually framed as token deletion, retrieval, summarization, or exact reconstruction. We stu

Sensing Intelligence as a Trainable Metamaterial Property

arXiv:2605.23967v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In biological systems, sensing is not performed by the brain alone: the body deforms, vibrates, and filters external stimuli before they are transduce