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Physics-informed simulation framework for realistic sonar image generation and statistical validation

arXiv:2605.19712v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Synthetic sonar datasets offer a scalable alternative to costly real-world acquisition, yet their utility remains limited by the absence of rigorous qua

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

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PhyWorld: Physics-Faithful World Model for Video Generation

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.19242v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World simulators can provide safe and scalable environments for training Physical AI systems before real-world deployment. Large video generation mode

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

20 May 2026

PiG-Avatar: Hierarchical Neural-Field-Guided Gaussian Avatars

arXiv:2605.20185v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Existing Gaussian avatar methods typically parameterize geometry on a body-template surface, which entangles the avatar's representation space with th

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Hardware

PiKV: KV Cache Management System for Mixture of Experts

arXiv:2508.06526v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As large-scale language models continue to scale up in both size and context length, the memory and communication cost of key-value (KV) cache

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

PixVerve: Advancing Native UHR Image Generation to 100MP with a Large-Scale High-Quality Dataset

arXiv:2605.20147v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-to-Image (T2I) models have recently seen notable progress around 1K and 2K resolution. With the extreme desire for better visual experience and the

Planner-Admissible Graph-PDE Value Extensions for Sparse Goal-Conditioned Planning

arXiv:2605.19185v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse goal-conditioned planning with few cost-to-go labels can be viewed as a graph-PDE Dirichlet extension problem: extend sparse labels on a goal-d

PlantTraitNet: An Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Framework for Global-Scale Plant Trait Inference from Citizen Science Data

arXiv:2511.06943v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Global plant maps of plant traits, such as leaf nitrogen or plant height, are essential for understanding ecosystem processes, including the c

PMF-CL: Pareto-Minimal-Forgetting Continual Learner for Conflicting Tasks

arXiv:2605.19145v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the literature, many continual learning (CL) algorithms have been proposed to address the issue of catastrophic forgetting in ML models (i.e., learni

researcharxiv-cs-lg

POLAR-Bench: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Privacy-Utility Trade-offs in LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.19127v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM agents increasingly have access to private user data and act on the user's behalf when interacting with third-party systems. The user defines what m

Position: Graph Condensation Needs a Reset -- Move Beyond Full-dataset Training and Model-Dependence

arXiv:2605.18893v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning from graph-structured data, but their scalability is increasingly strained by the size of r

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Position: Let's Develop Data Probes to Fundamentally Understand How Data Affects LLM Performance

arXiv:2605.18801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Data is fundamental to large language models (LLMs). However, understanding of what makes certain data useful for different stages of an LLM workflow, i

Position: The Turing-Completeness of Real-World Autoregressive Transformers Relies Heavily on Context Management

arXiv:2605.19514v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many works make the eye-catching claim that Transformers are Turing-complete. However, the literature often conflates two distinct settings: (i) a fixed

Position: Uncertainty Quantification in LLMs is Just Unsupervised Clustering

arXiv:2605.19220v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is widely regarded as the primary safeguard for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes domains. However

Local Ai

Posterior Contraction of Levy Adaptive B-spline Regression in Besov Spaces

arXiv:2605.19610v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the asymptotic properties of the Levy Adaptive B-spline (LABS) regression model, a Bayesian nonparametric method that incorporates B-sp

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

PrAda: Few-Shot Visual Adaptation for Text-Prompted Segmentation

arXiv:2605.19623v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Segmenting images is critical for visual understanding but demands extensive pixel-level annotations. Foundational models have enabled new paradigms for

Agents

PragLocker: Protecting Agent Intellectual Property in Untrusted Deployments via Non-Portable Prompts

arXiv:2605.05974v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM agents rely on prompts to implement task-specific capabilities based on foundation LLMs, making agent prompts valuable intellectual proper

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Precision Physical Activity Prescription via Reinforcement Learning for Functional Actions

arXiv:2605.19208v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in maintaining and improving health. Daily steps have been a key PA measure that is easily accessible w

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Precision Tracked Transformer via Kalman Filtering, Kriging and Process Noise

arXiv:2605.18832v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Transformer is the foundational building block of modern AI, yet offers no principled handling of uncertainty, which is prevalent in real applicat

Prediction Is Not Physics: Learning and Evaluating Conserved Quantities in Neural Simulators

arXiv:2605.18883v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A diffusion model trained on Hamiltonian trajectories can achieve rollout MSE near 10^{-3}, but the standard deviation of its energy over time is betw

Preferences Order, Ratings Anchor: From Fused Expert Aesthetic Ground Truth to Self-Distillation

arXiv:2605.19776v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pairwise preferences and pointwise ratings are the two dominant annotation protocols in image aesthetic assessment (IAA), yet existing benchmarks adopt

Hardware

Prior Knowledge or Search? A Study of LLM Agents in Hardware-Aware Code Optimization

arXiv:2605.19782v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM discovery and optimization systems are increasingly applied across domains, implementing a common propose-evaluate-revise loop. Such optimization or

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

PRISM: A Benchmark for Programmatic Spatial-Temporal Reasoning

arXiv:2605.19382v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Programmatic video generation through code offers geometric precision and temporal coherence beyond pixel-level diffusion models, yet rigorously evaluat

Local Ai

PRISM-SLAM: Probabilistic Ray-Grounded Inference for Scale-aware Metric SLAM

arXiv:2605.19257v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Monocular SLAM historically suffers from scale ambiguity and tracking failure in dynamic environments. While recent vision foundation models (VFMs) prov

local-aiarxiv-cs-ro

Probabilistic Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Diffusion Copulas

arXiv:2605.19685v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurately assessing financial risk requires capturing both individual asset volatility and the complex, asymmetric dependence structures that emerge

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Probabilistic Recursively Feasible Motion Planning Under Uncertain Environments

arXiv:2605.19015v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safe motion planning in uncertain, time-varying environments is challenging because the safe region can change unpredictably across planning steps, of

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Probabilistic Tiny Recursive Model

arXiv:2605.19943v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tiny Recursive Models (TRM) solve complex reasoning tasks with a fraction of the parameters of modern large language models (LLMs) by iteratively refini

Probability-Conserving Flow Guidance

arXiv:2605.20079v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion and flow-based generative models dominate visual synthesis, with guidance aligning samples to user input and improving perceptual quality. H

Agents

Probing Embodied LLMs: When Higher Observation Fidelity Hurts Problem Solving

arXiv:2605.20072v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models are increasingly proposed as cognitive components for robotic systems, yet their opaque decision processes make it difficult to ex

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Prognostic Value of Lung Ultrasound Biomarkers for Readmission Risk in Congestive Heart Failure: A Pilot Data-Driven Analysis

arXiv:2605.18878v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge is a leading driver of morbidity, mortality, and avoidable healthcare expenditure in congestive heart

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Program Evaluation with Remotely Sensed Outcomes

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2411.10959v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study causal inference in experiments and quasi-experiments, where the economic outcome is imperfectly measured by a remotely sensed variab

Progressive Autonomy as Preference Learning: A Formalization of Trust Calibration for Agentic Tool Use

arXiv:2605.19151v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We formalize trust calibration for agentic tool use (deciding when an automated agent's proposed action may execute autonomously versus require human ap

Projecting Latent RL Actions: Towards Generalizable and Scalable Graph Combinatorial Optimization

arXiv:2605.19721v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Graph combinatorial optimization (GCO) has attracted growing interest, as many NP-hard problems naturally admit graph formulations, yet their combinator

ProJo4D: Progressive Joint Optimization for Sparse-View Inverse Physics Estimation

arXiv:2506.05317v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural rendering has advanced significantly in 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis, and integrating physics into these frameworks opens new a

Prompting language influences diagnostic reasoning and accuracy of large language models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.19173v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for clinical decision support, yet most evaluations are conducted in English, leaving their relia

PromptRad: Knowledge-Enhanced Multi-Label Prompt-Tuning for Low-Resource Radiology Report Labeling

arXiv:2605.20052v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatic report labeling facilitates the identification of clinical findings from unstructured text and enables large-scale annotation for medical im

Protein Autoregressive Modeling via Multiscale Structure Generation

arXiv:2602.04883v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present protein autoregressive modeling (PAR), the first multi-scale autoregressive framework for protein backbone generation via coarse-to

Provable Fairness Repair for Deep Neural Networks

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.19549v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) are suffering from ethical issues such as individual discrimination. In response, extensive NN repair techniques have been

Provably Data-driven Lagrangian Relaxation for Mixed Integer Linear Programming

arXiv:2605.19052v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) is a powerful technique for solving large-scale Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), particularly those with decomposab

researcharxiv-cs-lg

PROWL: Prioritized Regret-Driven Optimization for World Model Learning

arXiv:2605.18803v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern action-conditioned video world models achieve strong short-horizon visual realism, yet remain unreliable on rare, interaction-critical transiti

Proximal Diffusion Neural Sampler

arXiv:2510.03824v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The task of learning a diffusion-based neural sampler for drawing samples from an unnormalized target distribution can be viewed as a stochast

Pseudocode-Guided Structured Reasoning for Automating Reliable Inference in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2605.19663v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are becoming the cornerstone of high-level reasoning for robotic automation, enabling robots to parse natural language com

PureCC: Pure Learning for Text-to-Image Concept Customization

arXiv:2603.07561v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing concept customization methods have achieved remarkable outcomes in high-fidelity and multi-concept customization. However, they often negle

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Qayyem: A Real-time Platform for Scoring Proficiency of Arabic Essays

arXiv:2603.01009v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Over the past years, Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems have gained increasing attention as scalable and consistent solutions for assessing the p

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Quantifying the Generalization Gap in Seizure Detection: A Large-Scale Empirical Benchmark via the SzCORE Challenge

arXiv:2505.18191v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliable automatic seizure detection from long-term electroencephalography (EEG) remains an unsolved challenge, as current models often fail t

Quantifying the Pre-training Dividend: Generative versus Latent Self-Supervised Learning for Time Series Foundation Models

arXiv:2605.19462v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The success of self-supervised learning (SSL) in vision and NLP has motivated its rapid adoption for time series. However, research has focused primar

Quantized Machine Learning Models for Medical Imaging in Low-Resource Healthcare Settings

arXiv:2605.19207v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep learning models have shown strong performance in medical image analysis, but deploying them in low-resource clinical environments remains difficu

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Quantum Adversarial Machine Learning: From Classical Adaptations to Quantum-Native Methods

arXiv:2605.18821v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Machine learning has revolutionized numerous industrial domains. Despite recent advances, machine learning models remain vulnerable to adversarial threa

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Quantum Autoencoder for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection

arXiv:2504.17548v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Anomaly Detection (AD) defines the task of identifying observations or events that deviate from typical - or normal - patterns, a critical cap

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg