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Posterior Bayesian Neural Networks with Dependent Weights

arXiv:2507.22095v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider fully connected and feedforward deep neural networks with dependent and possibly heavy-tailed weights, as introduced in [26], to a

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Potential and challenges of generative adversarial networks for super-resolution in 4D Flow MRI

DGX agent

arXiv:2508.14950v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: 4D Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging (4D Flow MRI) enables non-invasive quantification of blood flow and hemodynamic parameters. However, its cl

researcharxiv-cs-lg

14 May 2026

PRA-PoE: Robust Alzheimer's Diagnosis with Arbitrary Missing Modalities

arXiv:2605.13081v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Missing modalities are prevalent in real-world Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessment and pose a significant challenge to multimodal learning, particularly

Pragmatic Curiosity: A Unified Framework for Hybrid Learning and Optimization via Active Inference

arXiv:2602.06104v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many engineering and scientific workflows rely on expensive black-box evaluations, requiring sequential decisions that must both improve task perfor

Precautionary Governance of Autonomous AI: Legal Personhood as Functional Instrument

arXiv:2605.12505v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous AI systems generate responsibility gaps: consequential actions that cannot be satisfactorily attributed to developers, operators, or users

Preconditioned Flow Matching

arXiv:2603.02337v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Flow matching (FM) learns vector fields by regressing stochastic velocity targets along intermediate distributions p_t. We identify a geometri

Predict-Project-Renoise: Sampling Diffusion Models under Hard Constraints

arXiv:2601.21033v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion models cannot enforce hard constraints, yet applications in the physical sciences demand exact satisfaction of conservation laws, boundary

Predicting Channel Closures in the Lightning Network with Machine Learning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.12759v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Lightning Network (LN) is a second-layer protocol for Bitcoin designed to enable fast and cost-efficient off-chain transactions. Channels in the LN

Prediction of Rectal Cancer Regrowth from Longitudinal Endoscopy

arXiv:2605.12855v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical trial studies indicate benefit of watch-and-wait (WW) surveillance for patients with rectal cancer showing a complete or near clinical response

researcharxiv-cs-cv

PreFIQs: Face Image Quality Is What Survives Pruning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2605.13396v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Face Image Quality Assessment (FIQA) evaluates the utility of a face image for automated face recognition (FR) systems. In this work, we propose PreFIQs

Preserve-Then-Quantize: Balancing Rank Budgets for Quantization Error Reconstruction in LLMs

arXiv:2602.02001v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Quantization Error Reconstruction (QER) reduces accuracy loss in Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) by approximating weights as mathbf{W} approx

Pretraining Language Models with Subword Regularization: An Empirical Study of BPE Dropout in Low-Resource NLP

arXiv:2605.13436v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Subword regularization methods such as BPE dropout are typically applied only during fine-tuning, while pretraining is usually done with deterministic

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Prime Successor Irreducibility: Turing Machine Complexity, Kolmogorov Complexity, and Weakness-Based Formulations

arXiv:2605.12504v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop conjectures and theorems expressing the idea that the prime sequence exhibits computational irreducibility in the transition from one prime

PRISM: Perinuclear Ring-based Image Segmentation Method for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Classification

arXiv:2605.12851v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated analysis of peripheral blood smears for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is hindered by low contrast and substantial variability in cytopl

Local Ai

PRISM: Prior Rectification and Uncertainty-Aware Structure Modeling for Diffusion-Based Text Image Super-Resolution

arXiv:2605.13027v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text image super-resolution (Text-SR) requires more than visually plausible detail synthesis: slight errors in stroke topology may alter character ident

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Prismatic World Model: Learning Compositional Dynamics for Planning in Hybrid Systems

arXiv:2512.08411v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Model-based planning in robotic domains is challenged by the hybrid nature of physical dynamics, where continuous motion is punctuated by discrete e

Tutorials

Probabilistic Prediction Markets with Intermittent Contributions

arXiv:2510.13385v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Although both data availability and the demand for accurate forecasts are increasing, collaboration between stakeholders is often constrained by dat

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Probing Persona-Dependent Preferences in Language Models

arXiv:2605.13339v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can be said to have preferences: they reliably pick certain tasks and outputs over others, and preferences shaped by post

Procedural Refinement by LLM-driven Algorithmic Debugging for ARC-AGI-2

arXiv:2603.20334v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In high-complexity abstract reasoning, a system must infer a latent rule from a few examples or structured observations and apply it to unseen

Profit Maximization in Bilateral Trade against a Smooth Adversary

arXiv:2605.12664v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Bilateral trade models the task of intermediating between two strategic agents, a seller and a buyer, who wish to trade a good. We study this problem

Applications

Progressively Sampled Equality-Constrained Optimization

arXiv:2510.00417v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: An algorithm is proposed, analyzed, and tested for solving continuous nonlinear-equality-constrained optimization problems where the objective

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Local Ai

PROMETHEUS: Automating Deep Causal Research Integrating Text, Data and Models

arXiv:2605.12835v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models can extract local causal claims from text, but those claims become more useful when organized as persistent, navigable world model

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Tutorials

Protein Circuit Tracing via Cross-layer Transcoders

arXiv:2602.12026v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Protein language models (pLMs) have emerged as powerful predictors of protein structure and function. However, the computational circuits underlying

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Protocol-Driven Development: Governing Generated Software Through Invariants and Evidence

arXiv:2605.12981v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated program synthesis has reduced the cost of producing candidate implementations, but it introduces a harder governance problem: determining wh

Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform

arXiv:2605.13810v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vector quantization via random projection followed by scalar quantization is a fundamental primitive in machine learning, with applications ranging from

Provably avoiding over-optimization in Direct Preference Optimization without knowing the data distribution

arXiv:2602.06239v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce PEPO (Pessimistic Ensemble based Preference Optimization), a single-step Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)-like algorithm to mitigat

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Proximal-Based Generative Modeling for Bayesian Inverse Problems

arXiv:2605.13278v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Score-based diffusion models demonstrate superior performance in generative tasks but encounter fundamental bottlenecks in inverse problems due to the

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Pyramid Forcing: Head-Aware Pyramid KV Cache Policy for High-Quality Long Video Generation

arXiv:2605.13111v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autoregressive video generation enables streaming and open-ended long video synthesis, but still suffers from long-term degradation caused by accumulate

Pyramid Self-contrastive Learning Framework for Test-time Ultrasound Image Denoising

arXiv:2605.12567v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The inherent electronic and speckle noise complicates clinical interpretation of ultrasound images. Conventional denoising methods rely on explicit no

Q-Flow: Stable and Expressive Reinforcement Learning with Flow-Based Policy

arXiv:2605.13435v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: There is growing interest in utilizing flow-based models as decision-making policies in reinforcement learning due to their high expressive capacity.

QLAM: A Quantum Long-Attention Memory Approach to Long-Sequence Token Modeling

arXiv:2605.13833v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modeling long-range dependencies in sequential data remains a central challenge in machine learning. Transformers address this challenge through atten

researcharxiv-cs-cv

QSMOTE-PGM/kPGM: QSMOTE Based PGM and kPGM for Imbalanced Dataset Classification

arXiv:2512.16960v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Quantum-inspired machine learning (QiML) employs mathematical principles from quantum theory, such as Hilbert-space representations and quantum stat

Quantifying LLM Safety Degradation Under Repeated Attacks Using Survival Analysis

arXiv:2605.12869v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in a wide range of applications, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks that ci

Applications

Quantifying Potential Observation Missingness in Inverse Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.12831v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), which infers reward functions from demonstrations, is a valuable tool for modeling and understanding decision-maki

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Quantifying Sensitivity for Tree Ensembles: A symbolic and compositional approach

arXiv:2605.13830v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Decision tree ensembles (DTE) are a popular model for a wide range of AI classification tasks, used in multiple safety critical domains, and hence verif

Quantitative Certification of Agentic Tool Selection

arXiv:2510.03992v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in agentic systems, where a fundamental task is mapping user intents to relevant extern

Query-Conditioned Test-Time Self-Training for Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.13369v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed with fixed parameters, and their performance is often improved by allocating more computation at i

Agents

QuickLAP: Quick Language-Action Preference Learning for Semi-Autonomous Systems

arXiv:2511.17855v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Robots must learn from both what people do and what they say, but either modality alone is often incomplete: physical corrections are grounded but a

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Qwen-Image-VAE-2.0 Technical Report

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2605.13565v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Qwen-Image-VAE-2.0, a suite of high-compression Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) that achieve significant advances in both reconstruction fide

R-DMesh: Video-Guided 3D Animation via Rectified Dynamic Mesh Flow

arXiv:2605.13838v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video-guided 3D animation holds immense potential for content creation, offering intuitive and precise control over dynamic assets. However, practical d

Radial Compensation: Fixing Radius Distortion in Chart-Based Generative Models on Riemannian Manifolds

arXiv:2511.14056v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the base distribution in chart-based generative models on Riemannian manifolds. Standard methods sample in Euclidean tangent space an

RAG-GNN: Integrating Retrieved Knowledge with Graph Neural Networks for Precision Medicine

arXiv:2602.00586v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Network topology excels at structural predictions but fails to capture functional semantics encoded in biomedical literature. We present RAG-G

Agents

RDMA: Cost Effective Agent-Driven Rare Disease Mining from Electronic Health Records

arXiv:2507.15867v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Rare diseases affect 1 in 10 Americans yet remain systematically underdocumented in clinical records. ICD-based systems cannot capture their b

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Re-evaluating Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for Automatic Speech Recognition

arXiv:2510.19471v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent work has shown that sample-based Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding outperforms beam search in text-to-text generation tasks, such as ma

Applications

Real-World Challenges in Fake News Detection: Dealing with Posts by Cold Users

arXiv:2605.12511v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Social media serves as a primary source of information in the current digital era. Many people consume a vast range of information in a very short spa

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Real2Sim: A Physics-driven and Editable Gaussian Splatting Framework for Autonomous Driving Scenes

arXiv:2605.13591v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable autonomous driving relies on large-scale, well-labeled data and robust models. However, manual data collection is resource-intensive, and tradi

RealICU: Do LLM Agents Understand Long-Context ICU Data? A Benchmark Beyond Behavior Imitation

arXiv:2605.13542v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Intensive care units (ICU) generate long, dense and evolving streams of clinical information, where physicians must repeatedly reassess patient states u

REALISTA: Realistic Latent Adversarial Attacks that Elicit LLM Hallucinations

arXiv:2605.12813v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across many tasks but remain vulnerable to hallucinations, motivating the need for realistic a