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Skill-R1: Agent Skill Evolution via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.09359v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agentic large language models often rely on skills, reusable natural language procedures that guide planning, action, and tool use. In practice, skill

Hardware

SkillEvolver: Skill Learning as a Meta-Skill

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Human DGX agent

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DGX agent

arXiv:2605.10500v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent skills today are static artifact: authored once -- by human curation or one-shot generation from parametric knowledge -- and then consumed unchang

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

12 May 2026

SkillLens: Adaptive Multi-Granularity Skill Reuse for Cost-Efficient LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.08386v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Skill libraries have become a practical way for LLM agents to reuse procedural experience across tasks. However, existing systems typically treat skills

SkillMAS: Skill Co-Evolution with LLM-based Multi-Agent System

arXiv:2605.09341v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agent systems are increasingly expected to improve after deployment, but existing work often decouples two adaptation targe

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

SkillMaster: Toward Autonomous Skill Mastery in LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.08693v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Skills provide an effective mechanism for improving LLM agents on complex tasks, yet in existing agent frameworks, their creation, refinement, and selec

SkillRAE: Agent Skill-Based Context Compilation for Retrieval-Augmented Execution

arXiv:2605.10114v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents (e.g., OpenClaw) increasingly rely on reusable skill libraries to solve artifact-rich tasks such as document-cen

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

SLAM: Structural Linguistic Activation Marking for Language Models

arXiv:2605.05443v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM watermarks must be detectable without compromising text quality, yet most existing schemes bias the next-token distribution and pay for de

SLASH the Sink: Sharpening Structural Attention Inside LLMs

arXiv:2605.10503v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable semantic understanding but often struggle with structural understanding when processing graph topologies in

SLayerGen: a Crystal Generative Model for all Space and Layer Groups

arXiv:2605.08262v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Crystal generative models have shown rapid progress for accelerating the discovery of bulk, periodic materials. However, many material systems such as

SleepWalk: A Three-Tier Benchmark for Stress-Testing Instruction-Guided Vision-Language Navigation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2605.10376v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly in multimodal perception and language understanding, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliabl

Sliced Inner Product Gromov-Wasserstein Distances

arXiv:2605.08546v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) problem provides a framework for aligning heterogeneous datasets by matching their intrinsic geometry, but its statistical

Sliding Window Informative Canonical Correlation Analysis

arXiv:2507.17921v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a technique for finding correlated sets of features between two datasets. In this paper, we propose a

SLIM: Sparse Latent Steering for Interpretable and Property-Directed LLM-Based Molecular Editing

arXiv:2605.10831v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models possess strong chemical reasoning capabilities, making them effective molecular editors. However, property-relevant information

SlimQwen: Exploring the Pruning and Distillation in Large MoE Model Pre-training

arXiv:2605.08738v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Structured pruning and knowledge distillation (KD) are typical techniques for compressing large language models, but it remains unclear how they shoul

SlimSpec: Low-Rank Draft LM-Head for Accelerated Speculative Decoding

arXiv:2605.10453v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speculative decoding speeds up autoregressive generation in Large Language Models (LLMs) through a two-step procedure, where a lightweight draft model

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Slipstream: Trajectory-Grounded Compaction Validation for Long-Horizon Agents

arXiv:2605.08580v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: To cope with the large contexts that long-horizon LLM agents produce, modern frameworks increasingly rely on compaction -- invoking an LLM to rewrite

Slum Detection and Density Mapping with AlphaEarth Foundations: A Representation Learning Evaluation Across 12 Global Cities

arXiv:2605.10029v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pixel-level slum mapping has long been constrained by limited cross-city generalisation, the absence of continuous density estimation, and weak global c

Local Ai

Smart Railway Obstruction Detection System using IoT and Computer Vision

arXiv:2605.08246v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Railway track intrusions pose a critical safety challenge for Indian Railways, encompassing wildlife incursions and deliberate malicious obstructions. T

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

SmartEval: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLM-Generated Smart Contracts from Natural Language Specifications

arXiv:2605.09610v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce SmartEval, a benchmark for systematically evaluating the quality of Solidity smart contracts generated by large language models (LLMs) fr

SMIXAE: Towards Unsupervised Manifold Discovery in Language Models

arXiv:2605.09224v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have been used widely to decompose and interpret neural network activations, especially those of transformer language models.

SMOG: Scalable Meta-Learning for Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization

arXiv:2601.22131v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-objective optimization aims to solve problems with competing objectives. Evaluating such problems is often slow or expensive, limiting the bud

Smoothing Out the Edges: Continuous-Time Estimation with Gaussian Process Motion Priors on Factor Graphs

arXiv:2605.09073v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continuous-time state estimation is gaining in popularity due to its abilities to provide smooth solutions, handle asynchronous sensors, and interpolate

researcharxiv-cs-ro

SnareNet: Flexible Repair Layers for Neural Networks with Hard Constraints

arXiv:2602.09317v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Neural networks are increasingly used as fast surrogate models across various domains, but unconstrained predictions can violate physical, ope

SoccerLens: Grounded Soccer Video Understanding Beyond Accuracy

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2605.09598v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently shown strong potential in soccer video understanding. However, given the high complexity of soccer videos du

Social Determinants of Health and Fentanyl Overdose Mortality Across US Counties: An XGBoost and SHAP Analysis Identifying Silent Risk Counties and Treatment Deserts

arXiv:2605.08230v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Background: Fentanyl overdose deaths are still increasing across the U.S. We do not fully understand which county-level social and structural conditions

Applications

SocialDirector: Training-Free Social Interaction Control for Multi-Person Video Generation

arXiv:2605.10079v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video generation has advanced rapidly, producing photorealistic videos from text or image prompts. Meanwhile, film production and social robotics increa

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

SoK: A Systematic Bidirectional Literature Review of AI & DLT Convergence

arXiv:2605.10515v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has become a growing research area, yet contributions tend to

Soohak: A Mathematician-Curated Benchmark for Evaluating Research-level Math Capabilities of LLMs

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.09063v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Following the recent achievement of gold-medal performance on the IMO by frontier LLMs, the community is searching for the next meaningful and challengi

Source or It Didn't Happen: A Multi-Agent Framework for Citation Hallucination Detection

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.08583v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used in scientific writing, yet they can fabricate citation-shaped references that appear plausible but fail bibl

SpaceMind++: Toward Allocentric Cognitive Maps for Spatially Grounded Video MLLMs

arXiv:2605.09449v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable progress in visual understanding and language-based reasoning, yet they lack a pers

Sparse Layers are Critical to Scaling Looped Language Models

arXiv:2605.09165v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Looped language models repeat a set of transformer layers through depth, reducing memory costs and providing natural early-exit points at loop boundar

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Tutorials

Sparse Reward Subsystem in Large Language Models

arXiv:2602.00986v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent studies show that LLM hidden states encode reward-related information, such as answer correctness and model confidence. However, existing app

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cl

Sparsity Hurts: Simple Linear Adapter Can Boost Generalized Category Discovery

arXiv:2605.08183v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) seeks to identify novel categories from unlabeled data while retaining the classification ability of seen categorie

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Sparsity Moves Computation: How FFN Architecture Reshapes Attention in Small Transformers

arXiv:2605.09403v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Architectural choices inside the Transformer feedforward network (FFN) block do not merely affect the block itself; they reshape the computations lear

Spatial-Frequency Gated Swin Transformer for Remote Sensing Single-Image Super-Resolution

arXiv:2605.09687v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Remote Sensing (RS) single-image super-resolution aims to reconstruct high-resolution imagery from low-resolution observations while preserving fine spa

Spatial Priming Outperforms Semantic Prompting: A Grid-Based Approach to Improving LLM Accuracy on Chart Data Extraction

arXiv:2605.08220v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The automated extraction of data from scientific charts is a critical task for large-scale literature analysis. While multimodal Large Language Models (

SpatiaLab: Can Vision-Language Models Perform Spatial Reasoning in the Wild?

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2602.03916v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Spatial reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, yet it remains a major challenge for contemporary vision-language models (VLMs).

SPDEBench: An Extensive Benchmark for Learning Stochastic PDEs

arXiv:2505.18511v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs) driven by random noise play a central role in modeling physical processes with rough spatio-tempor

Applications

SPECTRA-Net: Scalable Pipeline for Explainable Cross-domain Tensor Representations for AI-generated Images Detection

arXiv:2605.08226v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid proliferation of AI-generated images (AIGI) presents a significant challenge to digital information integrity. While human observers and exist

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Spectral Characterization and Mitigation of Sequential Knowledge Editing Collapse

arXiv:2601.11042v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sequential knowledge editing in large language models often causes catastrophic collapse of the model's general abilities, especially for para

Spectral Condition for muP under Width-Depth Scaling

arXiv:2603.00541v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generative foundation models are increasingly scaled in both width and depth, posing significant challenges for stable feature learning and reliable

Spectral Transformer Neural Processes

arXiv:2605.09498v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Time series, spatial data, and images are natural applications of Neural Processes. However, when such data exhibit strong periodicity and quasi-perio

SpectraLLM: Uncovering the Ability of LLMs for Molecular Structure Elucidation from Multi-Spectral Data

arXiv:2508.08441v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automated molecular structure elucidation remains challenging, as existing approaches often depend on pre-compiled databases or restrict thems

Spectrally-Guided Diffusion Noise Schedules

arXiv:2603.19222v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Denoising diffusion models are widely used for high-quality image and video generation. Their performance depends on noise schedules, which define t

Applications

SPECTRE: Hybrid Ordinary-Parallel Speculative Serving for Resource-Efficient LLM Inference

arXiv:2605.08151v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM serving platforms are increasingly deployed as multi-model cloud systems, where user demand is often long-tailed: a few popular large models recei

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Speech-based Psychological Crisis Assessment using LLMs

arXiv:2605.10027v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Psychological support hotlines provide critical support for individuals experiencing mental health emergencies, yet current assessments largely rely o

Spherical Boltzmann machines: a solvable theory of learning and generation in energy-based models

arXiv:2605.09031v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Energy-based models (EBMs) are flexible generative architectures inspired by statistical physics, but their learning and generative properties remain po

Spherical Flows for Sampling Categorical Data

arXiv:2605.05629v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the problem of learning generative models for discrete sequences in a continuous embedding space. Whereas prior approaches typically

researcharxiv-cs-cl