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Rethinking Trust Region Bayesian Optimization in High Dimensions

arXiv:2604.22967v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Trust Region Bayesian Optimization (TuRBO) is an effective strategy for alleviating the curse of dimensionality in high-dimensional black-box optimiza

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Hardware

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RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inference

DGX agent

arXiv:2505.02922v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent large language models (LLMs) are rapidly extending their context windows, yet inference throughput lags due to increasing GPU memory and band

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

28 Apr 2026

Revisable by Design: A Theory of Streaming LLM Agent Execution

arXiv:2604.23283v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current LLM agents operate under an implicit but universal assumption: execution is a transaction -- the user submits a request, the agent works in isol

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Revisiting Greedy Decoding for Visual Question Answering: A Calibration Perspective

arXiv:2604.23443v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Stochastic sampling strategies are widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) to balance output coherence and diversity. These heuristics are often

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Revisiting On-Policy Distillation: Empirical Failure Modes and Simple Fixes

arXiv:2603.25562v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) is increasingly used in LLM post-training because it can leverage a teacher model to provide dense supervision on

ReVSI: Rebuilding Visual Spatial Intelligence Evaluation for Accurate Assessment of VLM 3D Reasoning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2604.24300v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current evaluations of spatial intelligence can be systematically invalid under modern vision-language model (VLM) settings. First, many benchmarks deri

Hardware

Reward Models Are Secretly Value Functions: Temporally Coherent Reward Modeling

arXiv:2604.22981v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reward models in RLHF are trained to score only the final token of a response - a choice that discards rich signal from every intermediate position and

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

Rewarding the Scientific Process: Process-Level Reward Modeling for Agentic Data Analysis

arXiv:2604.24198v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Process Reward Models (PRMs) have achieved remarkable success in augmenting the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) within static d

Right-to-Act: A Pre-Execution Non-Compensatory Decision Protocol for AI Systems

arXiv:2604.24153v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current AI systems increasingly operate in contexts where their outputs directly trigger real-world actions. Most existing approaches to AI safety, risk

Risk-Aware Robust Learning: Reducing Clinical Risk under Label Noise in Medical Image Classification

arXiv:2604.23875v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Noisy labels are a pervasive challenge in medical image classification, where annotation errors arise from inter-observer variability and diagnostic a

Risk-Aware Rulebooks for Multi-Objective Trajectory Evaluation under Uncertainty

arXiv:2603.04603v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present a risk-aware formalism for evaluating system trajectories in the presence of uncertain interactions between the system and its envi

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

RL-ASL: A Dynamic Listening Optimization for TSCH Networks Using Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2604.07533v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a widely adopted Media Access Control (MAC) protocol within the IEEE 802.15.4e standard, designed to pr

RL Token: Bootstrapping Online RL with Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2604.23073v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models can learn to perform diverse manipulation skills 'out of the box,' but achieving the precision and speed that real-w

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

RoboECC: Multi-Factor-Aware Edge-Cloud Collaborative Deployment for VLA Models

arXiv:2603.20711v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are mainstream in embodied intelligence but face high inference costs. Edge-Cloud Collaborative (ECC) depl

Robust and Clinically Reliable EEG Biomarkers: A Cross Population Framework for Generalizable Parkinson's Disease Detection

arXiv:2604.23933v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Developing robust and clinically reliable EEG biomarkers requires evaluation frameworks that explicitly address cross population generalization in multi

Robust Audio-Text Retrieval via Cross-Modal Attention and Hybrid Loss

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2604.23323v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Audio-text retrieval enables semantic alignment between audio content and natural language queries, supporting applications in multimedia search, access

Applications

Robust Deepfake Detection, NTIRE 2026 Challenge: Report

arXiv:2604.24163v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robustness is a long-overlooked problem in deepfake detection. However, detection performance is nearly worthless in the real world if it suffers under

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Tutorials

Robust Grounding with MLLMs against Occlusion and Small Objects via Language-guided Semantic Cues

arXiv:2604.24036v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enhanced grounding capabilities in general scenes, their robustness in crowded scenes remains undere

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

Robust Least-Squares Optimization for Data-Driven Predictive Control: A Geometric Approach

arXiv:2511.09242v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The paper studies a geometrically robust least-squares problem that extends classical and norm-based robust formulations. Rather than minimizi

RouteGuard: Internal-Signal Detection of Skill Poisoning in LLM Agents

arXiv:2604.22888v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agent skills introduce a new and more severe form of indirect injection for LLM agents: unlike traditional indirect prompt injection, attackers can hi

RouteNLP: Closed-Loop LLM Routing with Conformal Cascading and Distillation Co-Optimization

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2604.23577v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Serving diverse NLP workloads with large language models is costly: at one enterprise partner, inference costs exceeded $200K/month despite over 70% of

S2G-RAG: Structured Sufficiency and Gap Judging for Iterative Retrieval-Augmented QA

arXiv:2604.23783v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds language models in external evidence, but multi-hop question answering remains difficult because iterativ

S^2IT: Stepwise Syntax Integration Tuning for Large Language Models in Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction

arXiv:2604.23296v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction (ASQP) has seen significant advancements, largely driven by the powerful semantic understanding and generative capabi

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Safe Navigation in Unknown and Cluttered Environments via Direction-Aware Convex Free-Region Generation

arXiv:2604.23648v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Convex free regions provide a structured and optimization-friendly representation of collision-free space for robot navigation in unknown and cluttered

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Safety-aware Goal-oriented Semantic Sensing, Communication, and Control for Robotics

arXiv:2603.13502v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Wirelessly-connected robotic systems empower robots with real-time intelligence by leveraging remote computing resources for decision-making. Howeve

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

SAGE: Sparse Adaptive Guidance for Dependency-Aware Tabular Data Generation

arXiv:2604.24368v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generating high-fidelity synthetic tabular data remains a critical challenge for enhancing data availability in privacy-sensitive and low-resource domai

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

SARM: Stage-Aware Reward Modeling for Long Horizon Robot Manipulation

arXiv:2509.25358v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large-scale robot learning has made progress on complex manipulation tasks, yet long horizon, contact rich problems, especially those involving defo

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

SATTC: Structure-Aware Label-Free Test-Time Calibration for Cross-Subject EEG-to-Image Retrieval

arXiv:2603.20738v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cross-subject EEG-to-image retrieval for visual decoding is challenged by subject shift and hubness in the embedding space, which distort similarity

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Scalable Agentic Reasoning for Designing Biologics Targeting Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

arXiv:2512.15930v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) represent crucial therapeutic targets due to their significant role in disease -- approximately 80% o

Scalable and Verifiable Federated Learning for Cross-Institution Financial Fraud Detection

arXiv:2604.23437v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The global financial ecosystem confronts a critical asymmetry: while fraud syndicates operate as borderless, distributed networks, banking institution

Scalable Explainability-as-a-Service (XaaS) for Edge AI Systems

arXiv:2602.04120v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Though Explainable AI (XAI) has made significant advancements, its inclusion in edge and IoT systems is typically ad-hoc and inefficient. Most

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Hardware

Scalable Hyperparameter-Divergent Ensemble Training with Automatic Learning Rate Exploration for Large Models

arXiv:2604.24708v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training large neural networks with data-parallel stochastic gradient descent allocates N GPU replicas to compute effectively identical updates -- a p

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

Applications

Scalable LLM-based Coding of Dialogue in Healthcare Simulation: Balancing Coding Performance, Processing Time, and Environmental Impact

arXiv:2604.23255v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Research shows that dialogue, the interactive process through which participants articulate their thinking, plays a central role in constructing share

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Scalable Production Scheduling: Linear Complexity via Unified Homogeneous Graphs

arXiv:2604.23841v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Efficiently solving the Job Shop Scheduling Problem in real-world industrial applications requires policies that are both computationally lean and top

Scaling Coding Agents via Atomic Skills

arXiv:2604.05013v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Current LLM coding agents are predominantly trained on composite benchmarks (e.g., bug fixing), which often leads to task-specific overfitting

Scaling Multi-Node Mixture-of-Experts Inference Using Expert Activation Patterns

arXiv:2604.23150v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Most recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) large language models (LLMs) use Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to scale model capacity without proportion

Scaling Properties of Continuous Diffusion Spoken Language Models

arXiv:2604.24416v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speech-only spoken language models (SLMs) lag behind text and text-speech models in performance, with recent discrete autoregressive (AR) SLMs indicat

SceneSelect: Selective Learning for Trajectory Scene Classification and Expert Scheduling

arXiv:2604.24514v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate trajectory prediction is fundamentally challenging due to high scene heterogeneity - the severe variance in motion velocity, spatial density, a

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Scheduling Your LLM Reinforcement Learning with Reasoning Trees

arXiv:2510.24832v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to optimize Large Language Models (LLMs) can be conceptualized as progressively editing

Scheming Ability in LLM-to-LLM Strategic Interactions

arXiv:2510.12826v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As large language model (LLM) agents are deployed autonomously in diverse contexts, evaluating their capacity for strategic deception becomes

Score-Repellent Monte Carlo: Toward Efficient Non-Markovian Sampler with Constant Memory in General State Spaces

arXiv:2604.22948v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: History-dependent sampling can reduce long-run Monte Carlo variance by discouraging redundant revisits, but existing schemes typically encode history th

Scoring, Reasoning, and Selecting the Best! Ensembling Large Language Models via a Peer-Review Process

arXiv:2512.23213v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose LLM-PeerReview, an unsupervised LLM Ensemble method that selects the most ideal response from multiple LLM-generated candidates for

ScoringBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Tabular Foundation Models with Proper Scoring Rules

arXiv:2603.29928v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tabular foundation models such as TabPFN and TabICL already produce full predictive distributions, yet prevailing regression benchmarks evaluate the

SCRIBE: Structured Mid-Level Supervision for Tool-Using Language Models

arXiv:2601.03555v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Training reliable tool-augmented agents remains a significant challenge, largely due to the difficulty of credit assignment in multi-step reasoning.

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

SeaEvo: Advancing Algorithm Discovery with Strategy Space Evolution

arXiv:2604.24372v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-guided evolutionary search has emerged as a promising paradigm for automated algorithm discovery, yet most systems track search progress primarily

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

SEARCH-R: Structured Entity-Aware Retrieval with Chain-of-Reasoning Navigator for Multi-hop Question Answering

arXiv:2604.24515v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-hop Question Answering (MHQA) aims to answer questions that require multi-step reasoning. It presents two key challenges: generating correct reaso

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Secure On-Premise Deployment of Open-Weights Large Language Models in Radiology: An Isolation-First Architecture with Prospective Pilot Evaluation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2604.22768v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Purpose: To design, implement, evaluate, and report on the regulatory requirements of a self-hosted LLM infrastructure for radiology adhering to the p

Security Considerations for Multi-agent Systems

arXiv:2603.09002v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multi-agent artificial intelligence systems or MAS are systems of autonomous agents that exercise delegated tool authority, share persistent m