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Detecting Defects that Matter: An Application-Driven Benchmark for Anomaly Detection in Manufacturing and Retail Logistics (VAND 4.0 Challenge)

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2610.04392v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing Anomaly Detection benchmarks are saturated and often unrealistic. As part of the VAND 4.0 Challenge, we introduce a hidden-test, application-dr

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Research

Detecting Nighttime Anomalies from NASA Black Marble Using a Generalized Spatio-Temporally Robust Framework of Machine Leaning Ensembles

DGX agent

arXiv:2610.06674v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Nighttime lights from NASA's Black Marble product suite capture thermal and light emission signals from anomalous events including fires, volcanic eru

researcharxiv-cs-cv

6 Oct 2026

DexForge: High-Fidelity Physics-Informed Dexterous Retargeting

arXiv:2610.06331v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human demonstrations offer rich examples of precise dexterous manipulation and a promising source of robot training data. However, high-fidelity reprodu

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ro

Diagnosis-Conditioned Spatial Gating and Decoder-Level Supervised Contrastive Learning for Radiology Report Generation

arXiv:2610.04159v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Radiology report generation models can produce fluent text while still containing finding-level inaccuracies. Diagnosis-driven methods improve generatio

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Difference Feature Map Distillation: Transferring Inter-Sample Relational Knowledge Towards Efficient Transformer-Based Tracking

arXiv:2610.05707v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In autonomous driving perception, visual object tracking systems must satisfy stringent latency and power constraints while remaining robust in complex

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Differentiable Ternary Temporal Logic Semantics with Polynomial Surrogate Networks

arXiv:2610.04662v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Temporal logic provides designers a formal reasoning tool for specifying complex spatio-temporal behaviors and tasks for autonomous systems. Many tech

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

Differentially Private Mixing of Public Datasets Improves Private Learning

arXiv:2610.06636v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many machine learning applications involve sensitive data and therefore require training under differential privacy (DP). However, DP training often deg

DiffGate: Difficulty-Gated Teacher Guidance for On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2610.04596v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) has emerged as a widely used paradigm for post-training large language models, reducing the train--test mismatch of convent

Diffusion-Based Stress Testing of Overload Monitoring for Resilient Emergency Cellular Networks Using Internet CDR Proxies

arXiv:2610.04526v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Disasters can overload cellular control-plane signaling within minutes, yet fine-grained Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Next Generation (NG) Applicat

Diffusion Transformers are Provably Optimal In-context Generators

arXiv:2610.05333v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative foundation models are attracting interest for their ability to produce desired outputs from demonstrations given at inference time, without u

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Dimension-Free Decentralized Nonsmooth Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization

arXiv:2610.05789v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate decentralized nonsmooth nonconvex stochastic optimization over a network of n nodes, with the goal of finding an (elta,epsilon)-Goldste

dIon: Fragmentation-Based Invariance for Self-Supervised Learning of Tandem Mass Spectra

arXiv:2610.06282v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce a novel invariance for peptide tandem mass spectrometry data, unlocking self-supervised representation learning that improves de novo seque

Direct Intermediate Initialization for Tilted Diffusion Samplers

arXiv:2610.06834v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Some diffusion posterior samplers construct Gaussian-tilted intermediate distributions along the reverse process. We observe that these targets can be

Direction-Conditioned Policies for Online Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2610.05087v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Contrastive Reinforcement Learning (CRL) learns representations that estimate goal reachability, yet its policy remains conditioned on raw goals and the

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Disambiguate Gripper State in Grasp-Based Tasks: Pseudo-Tactile as Feedback Enables Pure Simulation Learning

arXiv:2503.23835v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Grasp-based manipulation tasks are fundamental to robots interacting with their environments, yet gripper state ambiguity significantly reduces the

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Discovered, Not Designed: Population Evolution for Collaborative and Compute-Intensive Model Discovery

arXiv:2610.05950v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-driven evolution enables iterative model development, but two practical goals remain underexplored: finding model designs that transfer across relat

Discrete Action Matching: Learning Stochastic Dynamics from Samples via State Graphs

arXiv:2610.05071v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning population dynamics from unpaired temporal marginals is an ill-posed inverse problem that requires structural assumptions on the underlying dyn

Disentangling Task Difficulty from Run-Level Failure in Agent Failure Prediction

arXiv:2610.05572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Predicting whether an LLM agent will fail has emerged as a promising direction for supporting intervention during execution. Recent approaches report st

Dissecting Quantization Error: A Concentration-Alignment Perspective

arXiv:2603.04359v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Quantization can drastically increase the efficiency of large language and vision models, but typically incurs an accuracy drop. Recently, function-

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Distributed Cascade Force Control of Soft-Tactile-Based Multi-robot System for Object Transportation

arXiv:2610.04775v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we present a distributed cascade force control system (DCFC) for multiple robots with the aim of pushing a rigid object towards a desired

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Distributed Subliminal Learning: Replacing Model Updates with Random-Carrier Outputs

arXiv:2610.05378v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Collaborative learning typically exchanges model parameters: federated clients communicate updates, while independently adapted foundation models are co

Distribution Matching Evolutionary Algorithms for Rare Event Sampling

arXiv:2610.03833v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A novel discovery is one which is both useful and surprising: a generative model's output is a useful discovery if it has a low probability of being g

Distributionally Robust Deep Q-Learning

arXiv:2505.19058v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose a novel distributionally robust Q-learning algorithm for the non-tabular case accounting for continuous state spaces where the state tran

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

DiVeR: Decision-Critical Verifier Learning for VLA Test-Time Scaling

arXiv:2610.04933v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scaling robot data and model capacity has improved Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies, but further progress is constrained by the high cost of robo

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Divide-and-Conquer CoT: RL for Reducing Latency via Parallel Reasoning

arXiv:2601.23027v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long chain-of-thought reasoning (Long CoT) is now fundamental to state-of-the-art LLMs, especially in mathematical reasoning. However, LLM generatio

DNPush: Distributed Nonparallel Pushing Force Control of Multi-Robot Systems for Object Transportation

arXiv:2610.04764v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This letter proposes DNPush, a Distributed Nonparallel Pushing force controller for cooperative object transport without inter-robot communication. Each

local-aiarxiv-cs-ro

Do More Modalities Always Help? A Geometric Perspective on Missing-Modality Robustness

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2610.04792v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Missing modality remains a longstanding challenge in multimodal learning. Existing methods typically address this issue through modality recovery or a

Do Motion Tokenizers for Co-Speech Gesture Generation Encode Gesture Semantics?

arXiv:2610.03765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Discrete motion tokenizers encode motion as atomic units and are widely used for co-speech gesture generation. It remains unclear which motion propertie

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

Do Neural Networks Learn Structure-Preserving Maps? A Case Study in Latent-to-Hilbert Embeddings

arXiv:2610.05297v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We ask whether a neural network can learn a structure-preserving map from a compressed latent space to a Hilbert-space representation. Using an 8-dimens

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Do RUL explanations hold up? Faithfulness and stability of attributions on C-MAPSS

arXiv:2610.04278v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep remaining-useful-life (RUL) models on NASA C-MAPSS are now routine, and so are heatmaps that colour sensors and timesteps. A heatmap that looks mec

Do Small Language Models Learn to Negotiate? A Controlled Scaling Study of RL-Trained Sellers

arXiv:2610.06204v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents are starting to own the full customer experience. Soon, LLMs may be selling and buying on behalf of companies and customers respectively. S

Do VLAs Understand and Adapt to the Objects They Handle, or Simply Replay Learned Behaviors?

arXiv:2610.06078v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper asks whether VLA generalization is grounded in a global understanding of objects' physical properties that enables policies to adapt their mo

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Does Explainability Survive Data Drift?

arXiv:2610.05379v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Model performance monitoring is a standard practice in machine learning deployments. Detection performance is tracked continuously, and model decay is e

Does Neural Complexity Improve Health Misinformation Detection? A Leakage-Controlled Cross-Corpus Benchmark

arXiv:2610.04636v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Increasing architectural complexity is often assumed to improve health misinformation detection, yet reported gains are difficult to interpret when st

Don't Judge an LLM Only by Its Activations: Discovering Suppressed Safety Features via Counterfactual Activation Potential

arXiv:2610.05541v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mechanistic interpretability has emerged as the primary means to understand safety behavior of LLMs. However, existing tools primarily focus on the acti

DREAM: Dynamic Resolution Assignment For Multimodal Multi-agent Debate

arXiv:2610.05615v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent debate (MAD) has emerged as an effective paradigm to improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and is increasingl

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

DreamFormer: Dream Imitation with a Transformer World Model for Language-Conditioned Robotic Manipulation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2610.04540v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce DreamFormer, a model-based agent that acquires language-conditioned, multi-task skills by imitating expert demonstrations within the latent

DreamTest: World-Model Surrogates for Search-Based Testing of Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents

arXiv:2610.04494v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Testing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents in cyber-physical systems aims to uncover diverse failures before deployment, but each execution can

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

DriftSR: One-Step Real-World Image Super-Resolution via Distribution Drifting

arXiv:2610.04819v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: One-step real-world image super-resolution (Real-ISR) offers efficient inference, but recovering realistic and perceptually rich details often relies on

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Dual-Rate Force-Image Control with Model-Based Orientation Limits for Robotic Ultrasound

arXiv:2610.05839v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robotic ultrasound couples a high-rate contact-force loop with slower, delayed image feedback, so image-guided ultrasound probe rotation can perturb c

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Applications

Dual-Scale Relational Graph Transformers for Ecosystem-Aware Fraud Detection

arXiv:2610.04138v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Account takeover (ATO) fraud is a growing threat to digital banking, requiring effective detection while minimizing friction for legitimate customers. P

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Dual Variational Autoencoders for Efficient Sim-to-Real Transfer in Low-Cost Robotic Navigation

arXiv:2610.06327v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-based autonomous navigation for low-cost robots remains a fundamental challenge, primarily due to the significant gap between simulated trainin

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

DUET: Co-Evolving Solver and Grader Agents

arXiv:2610.04087v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic workflows are increasingly used across domains such as technology, finance, and enterprise operations. As these agents become more widely deploy

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

DV-Lens: Revealing the Functional Organization of Language Model Parameters

arXiv:2610.04489v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Understanding parameter functions helps elucidate the internal mechanisms of large language models (LLMs). However, how to connect parameters from dif

DynaMesh: Dynamic 3D Texture Generation

arXiv:2610.05529v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present DynaMesh, a dynamic texture generation method for 3D meshes. Given a textureless shape and a text prompt describing an effect, our method pro

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Dynamic Harness Search: Building Multi-Agent Systems Per-Query via Prediction

arXiv:2610.04137v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent harnesses specify the roles, instructions, tools, and communication structure used to solve a task, and the right harness depends on the query. Be

Dynamic Minimax Regret Optimization for Robust LLM Post-Training

arXiv:2610.06329v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern LLM training increasingly relies on heterogeneous data sources spanning different domains, tasks, preference distributions, and difficulty levels

Dynamic Quadtree Tokenization and Transformer for Adaptive Mesh PDE Forecasting

arXiv:2610.04044v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The quadratic attention cost of Vision Transformers (ViTs) forces a trade-off between spatial resolution and rollout horizon, particularly for fine-scal

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv