Search: “inference”

TNFlow: Amortized Posterior Inference for Trans-Neptunian Object Surface Composition

arXiv:2609.04305v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present TNFlow, a transformer and normalizing flow architecture for inferring the surface composition of Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) from their

7 Sept 2026

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Model Releases

Privacy Leakage in Federated Learning: Gradient-Based Client Identity Inference and Defenses for Inertial Sensing in Vehicular Edge Networks

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.02971v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As vehicular networks move toward 5G/6G edge intelligence, federated learning (FL) is widely promoted as a privacy-preserving way for vehicles and inf

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

4 Sept 2026

Local Ai

Structured Inference with Large Language Gibbs

arXiv:2606.19264v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The knowledge encoded in large language models (LLMs) can serve as a substrate for structured reasoning over variables describing a complex wo

local-aiarxiv-cs-cl

4 Sept 2026

Toward Collective-Centric Evaluation of Preference Inference for Participatory Democracy

arXiv:2609.02990v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: To scale up collective decision-making, participatory democracy platforms such as Polis and Remesh enable online deliberation among thousands of parti

4 Sept 2026

Gauge dependence and structured-output corruption in sign-branched repetition penalties: measurements across models, inference stacks, and alternative repetition controls

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2607.09791v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The multiplicative repetition penalty shipped across the LLM inference ecosystem (HuggingFace, vLLM, llama.cpp, and a dozen further engines) b

3 Sept 2026

GeoGR^2:Zero-Shot Geospatial Inference via Geostatistically-Guided Iterative Refinement with LLMs

arXiv:2508.04080v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Standard large language model prompting treats geospatial inference as independent, instance-wise prediction, ignoring the fundamental spatial depen

2 Sept 2026

Trust Your Guide Only When Certain: Uncertainty-Aware Sparse Alignment at Inference Time

arXiv:2609.00624v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A prominent paradigm in inference-time alignment employs lightweight supervisors to steer Large Language Models (LLMs). Through empirical analysis, we i

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

2 Sept 2026

Amortizing intractable inference in large language models

arXiv:2310.04363v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) compress knowledge from their training data through next-token conditional distributions. This lim

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

GFlowNets and variational inference

arXiv:2210.00580v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper builds bridges between two families of probabilistic algorithms: (hierarchical) variational inference (VI), which is typically used to mo

PhyloGFN: Phylogenetic inference with generative flow networks

arXiv:2310.08774v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Phylogenetics is a branch of computational biology that studies the evolutionary relationships among biological entities. Its long history and

SafeMath: Inference-time Safety improves Math Accuracy

arXiv:2603.25201v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent research points toward LLMs being manipulated through adversarial and seemingly benign inputs, resulting in harmful, biased, or policy-violat

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

When LLM Meets Tree Search: A Systematic View of Inference as Search in Large Language Models

arXiv:2608.30395v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As pretraining scaling laws approach saturation, Test-Time Scaling (TTS) has emerged as an important direction for improving reasoning by allocating inf

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Accelerating LLM Inference via Vector Index Based Output Embeddings

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2608.27460v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large output embedding matrices create a significant memory bandwidth bottleneck during autoregressive decoding, especially for compact LLMs with large

31 Aug 2026

Virtual iEEG from Scalp EEG: Charting the Landscape of Source Imaging, Intracranial Inference and Reconstruction

arXiv:2608.26998v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) provides temporally precise and spatially specific access to neural activity from focal and deep brain region

researcharxiv-cs-cv

28 Aug 2026

Steering Recurrent Reasoners at Inference Time with Readout Feedback

arXiv:2608.24136v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recurrent models, which repeatedly update latent states with shared computation blocks, have emerged as powerful architectures for solving complex reaso

researcharxiv-cs-lg

26 Aug 2026

A Cross-Architecture Audit of Direction-Based Inference-Time Defences in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2607.27910v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Inference time defences against vision language model jailbreaks often subtract a calibrated direction from the residual stream at a chosen decoder

25 Aug 2026

ADMIL: Attention-Distilled Multiple Instance Learning for Selective Foundation Model Inference in Pathology

arXiv:2608.22066v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Attention-based multiple instance learning (ABMIL) using pathology foundation model embeddings is effective for slide-level tasks, but exhaustive infe

researcharxiv-cs-ai

25 Aug 2026

Hardware

Adversarial Entropy Inflation Against Gumbel-Based Inference Verification

arXiv:2608.23375v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Gumbel-based inference verification bounds LLM weight exfiltration by only forgiving token choices that plausibly arise from honest GPU nondeterminism

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

25 Aug 2026

Latent Ordinal Evidence, Misaligned Outputs: Inference-Time Ordinal Lens Alignment for Multimodal LLMs

arXiv:2608.20999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal LLMs apply the language model interface to visual inputs, where ordinal regression tasks such as age estimation, image quality assessment, an

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

24 Aug 2026

Active Inference as Context Acquisition for AI Agents

arXiv:2608.19202v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interactive AI agents must acquire the right context as efficiently as possible. When a user omits a constraint, preference, file, or task variable, an

21 Aug 2026

Local Ai

MileGPO: Milestone Inference with Local Evidence for Graph-Based Policy Optimization of Long-Horizon LLM Agents

arXiv:2608.19803v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Credit assignment is challenging in long-horizon agentic reinforcement learning, where supervision often comes only from final rewards. Existing metho

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

21 Aug 2026

Earth Observation Foundation Models for Terrestrial Ecohydrology: From Representation Learning to Process Inference

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2608.15282v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Earth observation foundation models (EOFMs) are emerging as reusable representation frameworks for data-driven retrieval, prediction and process model

18 Aug 2026

Applications

GUIDER: Evaluating Goal-Free Human Intent Inference for Teleoperated Manipulation on Real-Robot Data

arXiv:2608.15446v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation of a goal-free probabilistic framework for human intent inference during robotic manipulation. We deploy the Global Us

applicationsarxiv-cs-ro

18 Aug 2026

The Integer Alibi: Localizing Cross-Kernel Divergence in INT8-Quantized LLM Inference

arXiv:2608.13756v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Two GPU kernels implementing the same scaled INT8 GEMM interface are usually treated as interchangeable. We test that assumption: holding the checkpoint

17 Aug 2026

Inference-Time Orthogonal Seeding Enables Geometry-Aligned 3D Organ Segmentation for Slice-Propagation Methods

arXiv:2608.12658v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dense voxel-level annotation remains a major bottleneck in 3D medical image segmentation. Single-slice propagation methods such as Sli2Vol reduce this b

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Noise as a Probe: Membership Inference Attacks on Diffusion Models Leveraging Initial Noise

arXiv:2601.21628v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in image generation, but their increasing deployment raises serious concerns about privacy

researcharxiv-cs-lg

The Illusion of Improvement: Reject Inference Strategies in Credit Scoring

arXiv:2606.18479v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reject inference methods are widely used to mitigate survival bias in credit scoring, yet their effectiveness remains poorly understood. We systemat

Trajectory Prediction via Bayesian Intention Inference under Unknown Goals and Kinematics

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2509.24928v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This work introduces an adaptive Bayesian algorithm for real-time trajectory prediction via intention inference, where a target's intentions and mot

Reliable Inference in Edge-Cloud Model Cascades via Conformal Alignment

arXiv:2510.17543v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Edge intelligence enables low-latency inference via compact on-device models, but assuring reliability remains challenging. We study edge-cloud casc

13 Aug 2026

Transit Destination Inference from Tap-In-Only Bus Smart-Card Data: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach

arXiv:2608.11223v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Entry-only automatic fare collection systems record boardings but not alightings, preventing direct construction of origin-destination (OD) matrices.

13 Aug 2026

Behavioral Inference at Scale: The Fundamental Asymmetry Between Motivations and Belief Systems

arXiv:2509.05624v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How much information about an agent's underlying values can be recovered from its observable behavior? This question matters for any approach

12 Aug 2026

EHR-MPC: Inference-Time Control for Sepsis Treatment with Generative Patient Digital Twins

arXiv:2607.08793v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality, yet optimal treatment policies remain contested. Existing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches learn

11 Aug 2026

Governing the KV Cache: Preventing Timing Side-Channel Leakage in Multi-Tenant LLM Inference

arXiv:2608.09225v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The key-value (KV) cache is the primary throughput optimization in modern large language model (LLM) inference, enabling prefix reuse across requests.

11 Aug 2026

A primer on optimal transport for causal inference with observational data

arXiv:2503.07811v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The theory of optimal transportation has developed into a powerful and elegant framework for comparing probability distributions, with wide-ra

researcharxiv-cs-ai

CHIME: A Case for Efficient Long-Context Attention-FC Disaggregated Inference with DIMM-PIM

arXiv:2504.17584v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Attention-FC Disaggregated (AFD) LLM inference systems offload memory-bound Attention operations to memory-rich accelerators (e.g., CPUs, HBM-

Hardware

CubicQuant: Parametric Non-Uniform Codebooks for High-Throughput LLM Inference with 1-8-Bit Weights

arXiv:2608.06763v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Weight quantization for large-language-model inference must balance adaptive reconstruction levels with representations regular enough for efficient GPU

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

Fast and Accurate: An Adaptive VLA Inference Framework through Environment-aware Model Selection

arXiv:2608.06434v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Embodied intelligence demands both long-horizon reasoning and real-time closed-loop responsiveness. Recent dual-system Vision-Language-Action (VLA) ar

LC-GRPO: Bridging Train-Inference Gap for Flow-Based GRPO with Langevin Correction

arXiv:2608.05600v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Flow-based generative models are typically sampled by solving a deterministic ordinary differential equation (ODE), whereas online reinforcement learn

7 Aug 2026

Automatic Statistical Test for Rationally Expressible Algorithms by Selective Inference, with Applications to Feature Selection

arXiv:2608.04667v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Selective inference (SI) provides statistically valid p-values for hypotheses selected by applying an algorithm to the data, correcting for the bias t

6 Aug 2026

Faster-WAM: Efficient Inference-Time Future Conditioning for Robust World Action Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2608.04404v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World Action Models (WAMs) improve robot manipulation by learning how the environment evolves beyond the current observation. However, existing approach

6 Aug 2026

Adaptive Two-Stage Visual Token Pruning for Efficient Inference in Video-Language Models

arXiv:2608.03112v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models excel at image and video understanding but suffer from high inference latency due to the need to process thousands of tokens pe

5 Aug 2026

Tutorials

Causal Inference with Unstructured Outcomes

arXiv:2608.03085v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal inference has traditionally centered on scalar outcomes: whether a patient recovers, how much a worker earns, or how many visits a website rece

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

5 Aug 2026

Trajectory inference via Acceleration Matching

arXiv:2608.03916v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Trajectory inference is a fundamental problem in many scientific domains: given a collection of unpaired snapshots of observations at discrete time poin

5 Aug 2026

Tutorials

Causal Inference with Unstructured Treatments

arXiv:2608.00657v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal inference usually concerns a scalar treatment, yet in many problems the treatment is unstructured: a text, an image, or a sequence of clinical

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Characterizing Bias in Post-Bandit Inference under Index Algorithms

arXiv:2608.01069v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bandit algorithms generate data for downstream inference, but adaptive sampling biases post-bandit sample means. We analyze this bias for stable index a

Defending Membership Inference Attacks via Privacy-aware Sparsity Tuning

arXiv:2410.06814v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Over-parameterized models are typically vulnerable to membership inference attacks, which aim to determine whether a specific sample is included in

HapticVLA: Contact-Rich Manipulation via Vision-Language-Action Model without Inference-Time Tactile Sensing

arXiv:2603.15257v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tactile sensing is a crucial capability for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) architectures, as it enables dexterous and safe manipulation in contact-ric

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Learning-Based Collaborative MEC for LLM Inference with Soft-Deadline Awareness via Transformer-Enhanced PPO

arXiv:2608.02031v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper investigates collaborative mobile edge computing (MEC) servers for large language model (LLM) inference under soft deadline constraints. In