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When Meaning Isn't Literal: Exploring Idiomatic Meaning Across Languages and Modalities

arXiv:2604.10787v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Idiomatic reasoning, deeply intertwined with metaphor and culture, remains a blind spot for contemporary language models, whose progress skews toward su

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Research

When More Thinking Hurts: Overthinking in LLM Test-Time Compute Scaling

DGX agent

arXiv:2604.10739v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scaling test-time compute through extended chains of thought has become a dominant paradigm for improving large language model reasoning. However, exist

researcharxiv-cs-ai

14 Apr 2026

When simulations look right but causal effects go wrong: Large language models as behavioral simulators

arXiv:2604.02458v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Behavioral simulation is increasingly used to anticipate responses to interventions. Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to specif

When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies

arXiv:2604.10996v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Can large language models (LLMs) generate continuous numerical features that improve reinforcement learning (RL) trading agents? We build a modular pi

When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection

arXiv:2604.10990v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientific claim verification, the task of determining whether claims are entailed by scientific evidence, is fundamental to establishing discoveries

Who Gets Which Message? Auditing Demographic Bias in LLM-Generated Targeted Text

arXiv:2601.17172v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable of generating personalized, persuasive text at scale, raising new questions about bias a

Tutorials

Who Handles Orientation? Investigating Invariance in Feature Matching

arXiv:2604.11809v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Finding matching keypoints between images is a core problem in 3D computer vision. However, modern matchers struggle with large in-plane rotations. A st

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

Who Wrote This Line? Evaluating the Detection of LLM-Generated Classical Chinese Poetry

arXiv:2604.10101v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has extended text generation tasks into the literary domain. However, AI-generated literary creati

Local Ai

Why Code, Why Now: An Information-Theoretic Perspective on the Limits of Machine Learning

arXiv:2602.13934v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper offers a new perspective on the limits of machine learning: the ceiling on progress is set not by model size or algorithm choice bu

local-aiarxiv-cs-cl

Why Do Large Language Models Generate Harmful Content?

arXiv:2604.11663v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to generate harmful content. However, the underlying causes of such behavior remain under explored. We prop

Why Do Multilingual Reasoning Gaps Emerge in Reasoning Language Models?

arXiv:2510.27269v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reasoning language models (RLMs) achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, yet they still exhibit a multilingual reasoning gap, p

Applications

Why Don't You Know? Evaluating the Impact of Uncertainty Sources on Uncertainty Quantification in LLMs

arXiv:2604.10495v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) becomes critical for safe

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

Why Smaller Is Slower? Dimensional Misalignment in Compressed LLMs

arXiv:2604.09595v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Post-training compression reduces LLM parameter counts but often produces irregular tensor dimensions that degrade GPU performance -- a phenomenon we

Why Steering Works: Toward a Unified View of Language Model Parameter Dynamics

arXiv:2602.02343v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Methods for controlling large language models (LLMs), including local weight fine-tuning, LoRA-based adaptation, and activation-based interven

Why Supervised Fine-Tuning Fails to Learn: A Systematic Study of Incomplete Learning in Large Language Models

arXiv:2604.10079v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is the standard approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. However, we observe a persistent fa

Applications

WiFlow: A Lightweight WiFi-based Continuous Human Pose Estimation Network with Spatio-Temporal Feature Decoupling

arXiv:2602.08661v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Human pose estimation is fundamental to intelligent perception in the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling applications ranging from smart healthcare

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Agents

WisPaper: Your AI Scholar Search Engine

arXiv:2512.06879v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present extsc{WisPaper}, an end-to-end agent system that transforms how researchers discover, organize, and track academic literature. The

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

WM-DAgger: Enabling Efficient Data Aggregation for Imitation Learning with World Models

arXiv:2604.11351v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Imitation learning is a powerful paradigm for training robotic policies, yet its performance is limited by compounding errors: minor policy inaccuracies

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Wolkowicz-Styan Upper Bound on the Hessian Eigenspectrum for Cross-Entropy Loss in Nonlinear Smooth Neural Networks

arXiv:2604.10202v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural networks (NNs) are central to modern machine learning and achieve state-of-the-art results in many applications. However, the relationship betw

WOODELF-HD: Efficient Background SHAP for High-Depth Decision Trees

arXiv:2604.10569v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Decision-tree ensembles are a cornerstone of predictive modeling, and SHAP is a standard framework for interpreting their predictions. Among its variant

Woosh: A Sound Effects Foundation Model

arXiv:2604.01929v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The audio research community depends on open generative models as foundational tools for building novel approaches and establishing baselines.

Agents

Working Paper: Towards Schema-based Learning from a Category-Theoretic Perspective

arXiv:2604.10589v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce a hierarchical categorical framework for Schema-Based Learning (SBL) structured across four interconnected levels. At the schema level, a f

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

XD-MAP: Cross-Modal Domain Adaptation via Semantic Parametric Maps for Scalable Training Data Generation

arXiv:2601.14477v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Until open-world foundation models match the performance of specialized approaches, deep learning systems remain dependent on task- and sensor

YIELD: A Large-Scale Dataset and Evaluation Framework for Information Elicitation Agents

arXiv:2604.10968v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most conversational agents (CAs) are designed to satisfy user needs through user-driven interactions. However, many real-world settings, such as academi

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

You Only Judge Once: Multi-response Reward Modeling in a Single Forward Pass

arXiv:2604.10966v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a discriminative multimodal reward model that scores all candidate responses in a single forward pass. Conventional discriminative reward m

Your Model Diversity, Not Method, Determines Reasoning Strategy

arXiv:2604.10827v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Compute scaling for LLM reasoning requires allocating budget between exploring solution approaches (breadth) and refining promising solutions (depth). M

YUV20K: A Complexity-Driven Benchmark and Trajectory-Aware Alignment Model for Video Camouflaged Object Detection

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2604.09985v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video Camouflaged Object Detection (VCOD) is currently constrained by the scarcity of challenging benchmarks and the limited robustness of models agains

ZARA: Training-Free Motion Time-Series Reasoning via Evidence-Grounded LLM Agents

arXiv:2508.04038v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Motion sensor time-series are central to Human Activity Recognition (HAR), yet conventional approaches are constrained to fixed activity sets and ty

Zero-Shot Quantization via Weight-Space Arithmetic

arXiv:2604.03420v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We show that robustness to post-training quantization (PTQ) is a transferable direction in weight space. We call this direction the quantizati

Zero-Shot Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Text Recognition via Task Analogies

arXiv:2604.09713v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) models trained on synthetic handwriting often struggle to generalize to real text, and existing adaptation methods st

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Zero-shot World Models Are Developmentally Efficient Learners

arXiv:2604.10333v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Young children demonstrate early abilities to understand their physical world, estimating depth, motion, object coherence, interactions, and many other

ZoomR: Memory Efficient Reasoning through Multi-Granularity Key Value Retrieval

arXiv:2604.10898v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown great performance on complex reasoning tasks but often require generating long intermediate thoughts before reac

2D or 3D: Who Governs Salience in VLA Models? -- Tri-Stage Token Pruning Framework with Modality Salience Awareness

arXiv:2604.09244v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as the mainstream of embodied intelligence. Recent VLA models have expanded their input modalities fr

researcharxiv-cs-cv

3D-VCD: Hallucination Mitigation in 3D-LLM Embodied Agents through Visual Contrastive Decoding

arXiv:2604.08645v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large multimodal models are increasingly used as the reasoning core of embodied agents operating in 3D environments, yet they remain prone to hallucin

4D-RGPT: Toward Region-level 4D Understanding via Perceptual Distillation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2512.17012v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Despite advances in Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), their ability to reason over 3D structures and temporal dynamics remains limited, constrained by weak 4

A Benchmark of Dexterity for Anthropomorphic Robotic Hands

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2604.09294v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dexterity is a central yet ambiguously defined concept in the design and evaluation of anthropomorphic robotic hands. In practice, the term is often use

A Closer Look at the Application of Causal Inference in Graph Representation Learning

arXiv:2604.08890v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modeling causal relationships in graph representation learning remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often draw on theories and methods

A Compact Hybrid Convolution--Frequency State Space Network for Learned Image Compression

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2511.20151v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Learned image compression (LIC) has recently benefited from Transformer- and state space models (SSM)- based backbones for modeling long-range depen

A fast and Generic Energy-Shifting Transformer for Hybrid Monte Carlo Radiotherapy Calculation

arXiv:2604.09157v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce a novel learning framework for accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation termed Energy-Shifting. This approach leverages deep learnin

A Little Rank Goes a Long Way: Random Scaffolds with LoRA Adapters Are All You Need

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2604.08749v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How many of a neural network's parameters actually encode task-specific information? We investigate this question with LottaLoRA, a training paradigm in

A Mathematical Framework for Temporal Modeling and Counterfactual Policy Simulation of Student Dropout

arXiv:2604.08874v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study proposes a temporal modeling framework with a counterfactual policy-simulation layer for student dropout in higher education, using LMS eng

A novel hybrid approach for positive-valued DAG learning

arXiv:2604.08935v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal discovery from observational data remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning and statistics, particularly when variables represent inh

A Predictive View on Streaming Hidden Markov Models

arXiv:2604.09208v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop a predictive-first optimisation framework for streaming hidden Markov models. Unlike classical approaches that prioritise full posterior re

A Representation-Level Assessment of Bias Mitigation in Foundation Models

arXiv:2604.08561v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate how successful bias mitigation reshapes the embedding space of encoder-only and decoder-only foundation models, offering an internal audi

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

A Semi-Automated Framework for 3D Reconstruction of Medieval Manuscript Miniatures

arXiv:2604.08610v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents a semi-automated framework for transforming two-dimensional miniatures from medieval manuscripts into three-dimensional digital mode

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Accelerating Local LLMs on Resource-Constrained Edge Devices via Distributed Prompt Caching

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2602.22812v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Since local LLM inference on resource-constrained edge devices imposes a severe performance bottleneck, this paper proposes distributed prompt cachi

Accelerating Transformer-Based Monocular SLAM via Geometric Utility Scoring

arXiv:2604.08718v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Geometric Foundation Models (GFMs) have recently advanced monocular SLAM by providing robust, calibration-free 3D priors. However, deploying these mod

Accurate and Reliable Uncertainty Estimates for Deterministic Predictions Extensions to Under and Overpredictions

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2604.08755v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computational models support high-stakes decisions across engineering and science, and practitioners increasingly seek probabilistic predictions to qu