Search: “llm”

Re-ranking and Late Interaction Drive Retrieval Quality: A Controlled Comparison of RAG Strategies for Scientific Question Answering

arXiv:2609.38473v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is now the standard way to ground Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge, yet the design space of ret

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Reasoning Externalization for Faithful Large Language Model Narratives of Stock Return Predictions

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.38869v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In finance, interpreting machine learning predictions is essential, yet the numerical outputs of explainable AI can be difficult for non-experts to unde

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

1 Oct 2026

ReSAIL: Mitigating Collapse in Iterative Agent Self-Distillation

arXiv:2609.39306v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Iterative self-distillation enables LLM agents to learn from successive deployments, offering a path toward recursive self-improvement (RSI). Yet our

RSI-Master: Structuring Experiments to Guide Autonomous Model Improvement

arXiv:2609.35561v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recursive self-improvement (RSI) seeks to enable AI systems to participate in improving their own capabilities. A concrete pathway is autonomous mod

SecureVibe: Making Vibe Coding More Secure

arXiv:2609.38606v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As vibe coding becomes increasingly capable and widespread, security vulnerabilities in even functionally correct solutions are a growing concern. Whe

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Structure of Basic Human Values in Russian Social Media

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2603.18822v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: What is known about the values of national populations rests almost entirely on questionnaires, which prompt respondents to rate researcher-supplied

Trustworthy Runtime Error Healing in Real-World Repositories: A Benchmark and Guardrail

arXiv:2609.39086v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Runtime error healing lets a crashed program continue by generating code that repairs its live runtime state. Recent work shows that LLMs can generate

Turbo Harness: Instance-Adaptive Harness Optimization

arXiv:2609.40330v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automating the search for effective harnesses is an important step toward enabling agents to recursively self-improve. Existing harness optimizations ty

When Order Matters: First-Speaker Bias and Mitigation through Personality in Sequential Multi-Agent Debate

arXiv:2609.38964v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent debate (MAD) is often used to improve large language model (LLM) reasoning, but sequential debate is rarely a neutral aggregator of agents'

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Zero2Repo: Can Coding Agents Build Repositories from Scratch?

arXiv:2609.38269v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Coding agents are increasingly asked to build software rather than patch it, yet benchmarks for from-scratch repository construction are mostly limite

A foundation model for energy and radiation systems built on heterogeneous scientific interfaces

arXiv:2609.38067v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific foundation models are commonly evaluated after heterogeneous physical problems have already been translated into a compatible gridded, tokeni

A Proposed Rubric for Evaluating Expressed Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Model Responses

arXiv:2609.37788v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Rubrics support the structured evaluation of language models. We propose a rubric for assessing expressed clinical reasoning in model responses, drawi

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Local Ai

ATTUNER: Recomputation-Free KV Cache Reuse via Query-Side Adaptation

arXiv:2609.36722v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents repeatedly load reusable content, such as skills, documents, and memory entries, into the current context. Re-encoding

local-aiarxiv-cs-cl

Beyond Rule-Based Mutation Testing: Test-Aware Mutant Generation Using Large Language Models

arXiv:2609.35841v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mutation testing evaluates test-suite adequacy by injecting synthetic faults into program code. However, traditional rule-based tools often generate l

Binarization Flattens the Score Space

arXiv:2609.35797v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) judges are often used as rewards to train policies on objectives that deterministic verifiers cannot capture. However, thes

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Cheap to Hypothesize, Costly to Verify: The Defense Surface of Agentic Vulnerability Discovery

arXiv:2609.35909v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous LLM agents turn vulnerability discovery into a repository-scale search: they generate many vulnerability hypotheses but can verify only a s

ContextRender: From Execution Dependencies to Agent Context

arXiv:2609.37743v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM agents performing long-horizon tasks accumulate tool results that later steps may need. Passing the full history to every invocation is costly even

CounterSteer: Suppressing Indirect Prompt Injection with Activation Steering

arXiv:2609.36570v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Indirect prompt injection makes an LLM agent treat untrusted retrieved text as instructions. We present CounterSteer, an inference-time defense that s

Effective Dense Retrieval using Only In-Context Examples

arXiv:2609.38099v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Turning decoder-only large language models (LLMs) into strong dense retrievers typically requires some form of retriever training. In this paper, we a

researcharxiv-cs-cl

From Lexical Baselines to Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Structured Skill and Responsibility-Level Extraction with the SFIA Framework

arXiv:2609.35806v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated skill extraction underpins workforce planning, yet most systems represent skills as flat labels with no notion of the responsibility level a

JEV-as-a-Judge: Accept When Confident, Escalate When Unsure

arXiv:2609.26550v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-as-a-judge scales evaluation, but reasoning judges are slow and costly. We study JEV-as-a-Judge: evaluation with JEV, a decision-only judge that

researcharxiv-cs-ai

LatCom: Cross-Agent Latent Compression for Efficient Multi-Agent Collaboration

arXiv:2609.37017v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) increasingly use latent collaboration to avoid the information loss and repeated encoding-decoding overhead of natur

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Lookahead-R: Budget-Aware Tool Retrieval via Execution-Centric Planning

arXiv:2609.35811v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool retrieval is a critical bottleneck for LLM-based agents operating over large, heterogeneous API ecosystems. Existing approaches face an inherent

Memory Is a Derivation: The Distributed-Evidence Paradox in Long-Term Agents

arXiv:2609.36130v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-running LLM agents compress past interactions into persistent memories that may be reused as premises for later tasks. This creates a distinct deri

researcharxiv-cs-ai

RepoMAS: Solving Progressively Specified Tasks with Issue-Driven Multi-Agent Systems

arXiv:2609.32490v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) have shown strong potential for solving complex tasks, but most assume that task requirements are sufficiently

Retrieve, Reproduce, Reveal: Dissecting Retrieval-Augmented Software Vulnerability Detection

arXiv:2609.37669v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is increasingly used to enhance Large Language Model (LLM)-based software vulnerability detection by grounding pr

SAGE: A Statistical Acceptance Gate for Self-Evolving Agents

arXiv:2609.36043v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly self-evolve by editing a persistent skill document that encodes their workflow, tool-use rules, and

Same Bytes, Different Authority: Reserved-Token Representations in Chat-Template Prompt Injection

arXiv:2609.35932v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prompt injection against LLM agents becomes much stronger when the injected instruction is wrapped in the model's own chat template. A forged template

SEED: Self-Speculative Decoding via Implicit Encoder-Decoder

arXiv:2609.36590v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by drafting tokens from the target model itself, but faces a sharp tradeoff b

researcharxiv-cs-cl

SelfSearch: Reward-Free Search for Self-Improving Agents

arXiv:2609.37968v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Advances in the coding capabilities of LLM agents allow them to inspect and modify their own instructions, tools, and execution procedures. Existing app

SkillGym: Training Skill-Use Agents with Automatic Verifiable Environment Generation

arXiv:2609.37539v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Skills equip LLM agents with professional knowledge and guidance to complete long-horizon and complex tasks. Although skills have been widely adopted in

TReVS: Integrating Textual Relevance and Visual Saliency for Efficient Vision-Language Model Token Pruning

arXiv:2609.37581v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at visual understanding and reasoning but often incur substantial inference costs due to the large number of visua

researcharxiv-cs-ai

UltRAG: a Universal Simple Scalable Recipe for Knowledge Graph RAG

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2603.28773v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet factually incorrect content when used for language generation (a phenomenon oft

UnlearningSoup: Is Repeated Tuning Necessary for Large Language Model Unlearning?

arXiv:2609.37076v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models trained on vast corpora inherently risk memorizing harmful content that may later re-emerge in their outputs. To mitigate this iss

UpliftMem: Learning Set-Level Uplift for Agent Memory Retrieval

arXiv:2609.36805v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents reuse external memory to guide new tasks, but effective retrieval requires learning which memory sets improve executio

Where Root Cause Analysis Fails: A Retrieval-Reranking Decomposition

arXiv:2609.36686v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Identifying the root cause of an anomaly among hundreds of sensors is critical for preventing safety incidents and costly downtime in complex monitored

BiasReducer: Adaptive Bias Mitigation for Reward Models

arXiv:2609.32720v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reward models score responses from large language models (LLMs) and guide LLM training toward human preferences. However, reward models can favor superf

Certified Multi-Source Integrity for Structured Agent Actions

arXiv:2609.34245v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents increasingly take privileged, often irreversible structured actions, such as paying an invoice. They assemble each action from action-criti

Clarify the User or Verify the World? Uncertainty Routing for Proactive Agents

arXiv:2609.32255v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-using LLM agents must decide not only whether additional information is needed, but also which source can resolve the uncertainty. Existing proac

Collaborative Principle Evolution via Evidence Transfer for Scientific Discovery

arXiv:2609.35315v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents promise to automate scientific discovery, yet exploring the vast hypothesis space remains costly. Existing princ

Contrast Matters: Understanding Robustness of In-Context Fine-Tuning to Target-Context Relatedness

arXiv:2604.01601v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In-context fine-tuning (IC-Train), training an LLM with labeled examples in-context, is increasingly used in place of standard fine-tuning for domai

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Decision-Sufficient State Representations: Measuring and Reducing Write-Time Regret

arXiv:2609.32805v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long tasks produce more history than an LLM agent can hold in its context, and more than it uses reliably even when the history fits. A growing line o

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Distance-KV: Exploiting Relative Distance for Efficient Long-Context Inference

arXiv:2609.32663v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The memory usage and decoding latency of LLM inference grow rapidly with context length. To reduce these costs, key-value (KV) cache compression methods

Local Ai

Do World Models Learn Global Understanding?

arXiv:2609.34058v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI systems often feel brittle and fragmented. A large language model (LLM) may correctly explain a concept but fail to apply it, or follow safety instru

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

EfficientAgent: What Makes KV Cache Offloading Work for Concurrent Agents?

arXiv:2609.33762v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents resend their whole conversation on every turn, and most of it was already processed on the previous turn. Serving systems avoid recomputing

Hardware

From Experience to Expertise: Adoption-Aware Memory Learning for Data-Scarce NPU Kernel Synthesis

arXiv:2609.35568v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-performance kernels underpin efficient accelerator execution but require expert tuning and lengthy manual optimization cycles. LLM coding agents pr

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

GenMem: Generative Symbolic Memory for Self-Evolving Harness

arXiv:2609.34633v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term memory supports the self-evolution of LLM agents by retaining experience and skills across tasks and enabling their retrieval, reuse, and revi

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Large Language Models for Automated Cross-Domain Machine Learning Task Type Identification: A Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation

arXiv:2609.35335v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Machine learning task type identification is essential for constructing valid ML pipelines, yet in practice it is typically specified manually. We inves