Search: “science”

Stateless Language Agents: Scaling Long-Horizon Automated Research

arXiv:2610.07625v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay

7 Oct 2026

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TasteVal: Measuring the Experimental Research Taste of AI Systems Against Human Experts

DGX agent

arXiv:2610.06824v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce TasteVal, a benchmark to evaluate the experimental research taste of frontier models. We define research taste as the ability to pick i

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

7 Oct 2026

A KKL Observer Perspective on Reservoir Computing

arXiv:2610.04343v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reservoir computing (RC) is a machine learning technique for data-driven modeling of dynamics for forecasting and control, primarily studied in comput

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

CCQ: A Multi-State Child Care Quality Dataset to Support AI for Children's Health Research

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2610.05863v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-quality child care in early life is a critical determinant of children's growth and development. Research on child care quality has been constraine

Homogeneous Semantic Alignment and Hierarchical Expert Routing for Radiology Report Generation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2610.04499v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Radiology report generation (RRG) aims to convert medical images into diagnostic texts to assist in clinical decision-making and alleviate the workload

LinearPFN: Amortized Variable Selection for Linear Models with Interactions

arXiv:2610.06580v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spike-and-slab regression is a standard Bayesian formulation of variable selection: it returns a posterior distribution over which candidate effects are

MaDeL: Manifold-Decomposed Feature Losses for Generative Modeling

arXiv:2610.04419v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative models are often trained with isotropic objectives such as mean-squared error. For data concentrated near a low-dimensional manifold, however

Physics-informed neural operator for parametric phase-field modelling of interfacial degradation and microstructural evolution

arXiv:2603.09693v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Predicting interfacial degradation and microstructural evolution through phase-field modelling is computationally intensive, particularly for parame

CreateScore: Domain-Theory-Informed Bayesian Routing for LLM-Based CV Screening

arXiv:2610.02972v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can support rubric-based screening of CVs, but applying a high-capability model to every candidate and criterion is costly.

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

From Benchmarks to Production: A Text-to-SQL System for Complex Financial Data

arXiv:2610.03524v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: General-purpose Text-to-SQL systems achieve strong performance on academic benchmarks like Spider and BIRD, where schemas are relatively shallow and col

Heads, Tails, and AI Fails: LLMs, Randomness, and Human Judgments

arXiv:2406.00092v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Randomness is central to human cognition and to many applications in which large language models are deployed, yet probabilistic token generation do

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

IGNITE Tokamak World Model Architecture

arXiv:2610.02515v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce IGNITE, a generative world foundation model for fusion plasma behavior simulation trained in a self-supervised manner from over a decade

NeutronGym: Physics-Graded Neutron Instrument Design for LLM Agents

arXiv:2610.03631v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Designing a scientific instrument tests whether language-model agents can do physics rather than recall it, provided the grading cannot be argued with.

On-Premises Multi-Course RAG Tutoring for Business Education: Hardware-Software Trade-offs in a Campus AI Tutor

arXiv:2610.02510v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Campus AI tutors based on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) must ground answers in assigned course materials while keeping textbooks and student dial

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Open-Endedness Bench: Measuring Epistemic Process from Agent Records

arXiv:2610.02588v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agents are increasingly given open-ended research tasks: discovering an empirical law from self-designed experiments, improving a heuristic whose optimu

Recursive Harness Self-Improvement for Frontier Reasoning Data Synthesis

arXiv:2610.03548v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generating progressively harder reasoning problems requires synthesis procedures that adapt as the task distribution evolves. Existing task-level recurs

Tutorials

Reliable Self-Evolution with Imperfect Proxy Rewards

arXiv:2610.02975v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM)-based self-evolving search is a promising approach to scientific discovery. However, high-fidelity evaluation of every candid

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Structured Composition of Verifiable Atomic Insights for Table-to-Report Generation

arXiv:2610.03525v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Table-to-report generation refers to the task of automatically generating article-level analyt- ical reports from relational tables and is an essential

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

The AI Theorist reveals excitonic structure in alpha-RuCl_3

arXiv:2610.02417v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Advances in experimental instrumentation and automation generate increasingly rich datasets, but turning experimental observations into microscopic unde

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Before Agents Decide: Epistemic Action in LLM-Based Systems

arXiv:2610.00511v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Before a difficult decision, people often act simply to understand the situation better. We turn an object to see another side, place alternatives next

EurekaBench: Measuring Agentic Ability to Discover New Scientific Insights

arXiv:2610.00492v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravitation, he did so through an iterative process of analyzing observed data such as planetary patterns, fin

Langevin-Informed Transfer Learning: Replacing Target Samples by Black-Box Feedback

arXiv:2610.01522v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many scientific and machine learning systems, from molecular dynamics to diffusion models and beyond, are governed by stochastic dynamics with low-dimen

LLM-Assisted Discovery of Typed Semantic Links for Ontology Network Construction

arXiv:2610.01393v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Constructing typed, justified semantic links between ontologies is essential for enabling interoperability across heterogeneous and interdisciplinary

Ontology-Grounded, Reasoner-Verified Benchmarks for Evaluating LLM Reasoning in Scientific AI

arXiv:2610.00682v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly underpin scientific AI applications that reason over structured knowledge, from biomedical question answering

Paying for Too Many Tokens? Valid and Cost-Efficient Multimodal LLM Annotation with Simple Heuristics

arXiv:2610.00809v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable video annotation at scale, but costs accumulate quickly: processing a typical 60-second short-form video at one fra

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Quantifying Diversity of Thought: A Predictive Law of Weighted LLM Ensemble Lift

arXiv:2607.17384v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper provides an experimentally verified formal law for calculating the uplift that diversity of thought provides in Large Language Model (LLM

Repurposing Obsolete Representations for Post-Deployment Adaptation

arXiv:2610.01453v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep neural networks are increasingly deployed in long-lived systems, where task requirements may change after training. In such settings, part of the o

Scaling Clinical Judgment to Evaluate Medical AI

arXiv:2609.12822v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Blinded physician evaluation has been considered by many to be the gold standard for assessing clinical reasoning in large language models (LLMs). T

ScholarCatalyst: A Benchmark for Retrieving Papers That Inspire New Research

arXiv:2610.02202v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: What makes great scientists great? Even as AI systems start to make progress on open problems, scientists remain far ahead of them at sensing which prio

'very likely' Means 'uncertain'? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2610.00083v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Humans express uncertainty verbally via markers (e.g., 'possible,' 'likely'), yet most LLM uncertainty quantification (UQ) relies on costing likelihood-

AIM: Agentic Idea Management for Automated Research

arXiv:2609.38445v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Frontier LLMs are increasingly used to automate scientific research through iterative search. We distinguish idea-driven search from solution-driven sea

ArchitectureIQ: On the Measure of Training Intuition

arXiv:2609.39714v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Top researchers have good intuition, but do language models have as good intuition about model training as top AI researchers? To measure model intuitio

Argus: Academic Integrity in the Era of Generative AI

arXiv:2609.36073v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in the context of education has introduced significant challenges in enforcement of academic i

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

GRPO Training Dynamics for Small Language Models

arXiv:2609.39321v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as a memory-efficient reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) technique for reasoning-intensive tasks. H

KilometerVision: A New Frontier for Large-Scale Spatial Intelligence in VLMs

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.39588v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We push the frontier of large-scale spatial intelligence in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and introduce the first benchmark that probes geographical lay

SETA: Scaling Environments for Terminal Agents

arXiv:2607.10891v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly shifting toward agents that solve tasks through diverse interfaces, including web and graphical user interf

Two-Step Data Augmentation for Masked Face Detection and Recognition: Turning Fake Masks to Real

arXiv:2512.15774v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The absence of large-scale masked face datasets challenges masked face detection and recognition. We propose a two-step generative data augmentation

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Tutorials

A Digital Simulation Toolkit for Physics-Based Generation of Realistic Experimental Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Images

arXiv:2609.36639v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) is a widely used tool for characterizing surfaces of materials at the atomic scale, playing a crucial role in discov

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Beam Search as Test-Time Self-Distillation via Counterfactual Contexts

arXiv:2609.37041v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-Distillation Fine-Tuning (SDFT) enables a language model to act as its own teacher: by conditioning on a demonstration, the model produces an imp

Can Multimodal Large Language Models Generate and Detect Multimodal Social Media Fake News?

arXiv:2609.35809v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid advancement of generative AI raises concerns about the misuse of Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) for large-scale disinformation campaigns on social

MetaCtrl: Your Large Language Models Can Reason Better and More Concisely with a Metacognitive Controller

arXiv:2609.37304v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large reasoning models improve performance on challenging problems by allocating additional computation before answering, but longer reasoning does not

Principled Thoughts for Latent Recursive LLM Systems

arXiv:2609.36159v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models can reason in continuous space instead of decoded text, by recurring on their own hidden states or by passing those states between

Question-Specific Knowledge Graphs for Efficient Visual Reasoning

arXiv:2609.35942v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent work in visual question answering has shown that vision-language models can exhibit strong reasoning capabilities by translating visual inputs in

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Retrieve, Reproduce, Reveal: Dissecting Retrieval-Augmented Software Vulnerability Detection

arXiv:2609.37669v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is increasingly used to enhance Large Language Model (LLM)-based software vulnerability detection by grounding pr

Disciplined Biconvex Programming

arXiv:2511.01813v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce disciplined biconvex programming (DBCP), a modeling framework for specifying and solving biconvex optimization problems. Biconvex

From Preference to Reciprocity: Decentralized Matching with Empirically Grounded LLM-agent Based Modeling

arXiv:2609.34679v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bipartite matching is a fundamental problem in game theory and market design. Classical approaches such as Gale--Shapley assume complete preferences and

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Self-Evolving Coding Agents: From Digital Programs to Physical-World Intelligence

arXiv:2609.35432v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) and world-action (WAM) models map observations and instructions directly to robot actions. This directness ties a policy to

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

SleuthBench: Benchmarking Statistical LLM Evaluation Using Tabular Hidden Signals

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.34228v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating statistical discovery by large language model (LLM) agents requires verifiable analytical ground truth. Establishing such ground truth for re