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Understanding Off- vs On-Policy Distillation: A Tale of Distinct Training Objectives

arXiv:2609.38666v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) learns from teacher feedback on student-generated responses and has shown promise in reducing forgetting relative to supe

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

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Understanding Parents' Complex Views of AI for Children's Pretend Play

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.39906v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI could support children's pretend play, but it could also direct the play on behalf of children. Whether AI should have roles in children's lives is

researcharxiv-cs-ai

1 Oct 2026

UniAE-MoE: A Unified Audio Encoder via Mixture of Experts

arXiv:2609.39199v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) rely on effective audio encoders for multi-task performance. We introduce UniAE-MoE, a unified audio encoder desig

UniEvo-VL: An On-policy Self-Distillation Training Recipe for Multimodal Model Self-improvement

arXiv:2609.38721v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern multimodal models bring generation and understanding into a single unified system, which enables them to provide and learn from their own feedbac

Unified Optimality Conditions for Stochastic Optimal Control in the Rough Path and Ito Frameworks

arXiv:2609.38395v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) can be studied via Ito calculus and rough path theory. For stochastic optimal control, these two frameworks g

UniST-Pred: A Robust Unified Framework for Spatio-Temporal Traffic Forecasting in Transportation Networks Under Disruptions

arXiv:2602.14049v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Spatio-temporal traffic forecasting is a core component of intelligent transportation systems, supporting various downstream tasks such as sig

Universal Cross-Prompt Adversarial Attacks on Promptable Concept Segmentation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.39265v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Segment Anything Model (SAM) achieves remarkable performance in visual segmentation. The latest SAM3 extends promptable segmentation to concept-leve

UniWAM Technical Report: Unified Mobile Manipulation via Mixed-Stream World-Action Modeling and Manipulation Anchor Pose Supervision

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.39388v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mobile manipulation requires precise navigation to a manipulation-ready pose followed by reliable object interaction. These two stages differ in actio

Unlearnable, or Unmeasured? On the Reliability of Difficulty Labels in RLVR

arXiv:2609.40115v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become an important approach for improving reasoning during post-training. Recent work suggest

Unlearning Deceptive Behaviors in LLMs with Contrastive Forget Sets

arXiv:2609.38909v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models often know the truth and say otherwise: a model that answers correctly when asked neutrally will affirm a user's mistaken belief

Unmerge: Efficient Machine Unlearning via Task Arithmetic

arXiv:2609.38895v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Approximate machine unlearning seeks to remove the influence of a forget set from a trained model without full retraining. Existing gradient-based met

Unveiling the Value of Motion for Cinematic Camera Trajectories

arXiv:2609.38683v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cinematic camera motion is a fundamental storytelling tool, defined not only by where the camera is positioned in the scene, but also by how it moves

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

URBAN-SPIN: A street-level bikeability index to inform design implementations in historical city centres

arXiv:2602.10124v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cycling is reported by an average of 35% of adults at least once per week across 28 countries, and as vulnerable road users directly exposed t

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Uruqi: Learning Spatial Cognition from Visual Experience

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.39195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spatial intelligence requires maintaining a coherent understanding of the world as the embodied agent moves. Like humans, the agent must use its own mot

Using Fine-Tuned LLMs to Identify Indicators of Vulnerability in UK Police Incident Logs

arXiv:2607.18446v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Purpose: Understanding how much of routine policing involves vulnerable people could inform resourcing, training, and multi-agency response, yet adm

local-aiarxiv-cs-cl

Validity-Preserving Hierarchical RL for Joint Routing and Switch Placement in EDA

arXiv:2609.39749v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Routing and switch placement are fundamental combinatorial optimization problems in chip design, requiring the joint optimization of routing topology an

Values as Style: Disentangling Values from Semantics with One-Way Mixing for Low-Damage LLM Steering

arXiv:2609.39701v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Value steering should change an LLM's normative priorities while preserving the scenario, facts, and task constraints underlying its answer. Conventiona

VAmoS Part Deux: Harder, More Realistic Voice-Agent Simulation

arXiv:2609.38512v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Voice agents in production must handle several requests, background speech, and customers who lose patience. We introduce VAmoS Energy, a benchmark that

Variance-Corrected Multi-Asset Equity Simulation with Hybrid Hidden Markov Marginals

arXiv:2603.10202v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Synthetic multi-asset equity data must reproduce each asset's return distribution and its relationship with the market. Reusing a generator fi

Vectorized Dynamic Histograms for Sparse Oblique Forests

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2603.00326v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sparse oblique (SPO), part of the top-ranked configuration of Google's Yggdrasil Decision Forests (YDF), improve the accuracy while maintaining inte

VERA: Verifiable Feasibility Representations with Counterfactual Credit for Constrained Multi-Agent Control

arXiv:2609.38889v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Constrained multi-agent control requires more than predicting rewarding actions: an action can cease to be executable as contact windows, shared capacit

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Video2SwimFish: An Automated Pipeline for Reconstructing Controllable Fish Models and Biological Locomotion from Real Fish Videos

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2609.38966v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Video2SwimFish, an automated pipeline and benchmark for building controllable fish assets from real-fish videos for underwater embodied AI. G

Agents

VidHarness: Evolving Agent Harnesses for Cost-Efficient Long Video Understanding

arXiv:2609.38413v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) can answer questions about hour-long videos, but processing every frame is prohibitively expensive, even though the eviden

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

ViLegalExpert: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Vietnamese Legal Retrieval and Question Answering from Real-World Consultations

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2609.39189v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Trustworthy Legal AI requires systems that can answer legal questions while grounding their responses in authoritative sources. However, existing Vietna

VirusCascade: Hijacking Collaborative Reflection in LLM-Powered Recommender Agents

arXiv:2609.38270v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Advancing beyond traditional static scoring models, LLM-powered agentic recommender systems (LLM-ARS) instantiate users and items as autonomous agents

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Agents

Vision-Language-Action Autonomous Driving Agent with Language-based Memory

arXiv:2609.38641v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) foundation models have recently emerged as one of the prevailing solutions for autonomous driving, as they can utilize know

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Visualizing Distribution Coverage in Generative Diffusion Models

arXiv:2609.38853v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion distillation is widely adopted to accelerate sampling, and the resulting few-step models are broadly believed to match or even surpass their m

ViTeX-Bench: Benchmarking High-Fidelity Video Scene Text Editing

arXiv:2609.40356v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent video generation is increasingly realistic and controllable, yet video editing remains less developed, particularly for precise local edits tha

Voices of Freelance Professional Writers on AI: Limitations, Expectations, and Fears

arXiv:2504.05008v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The rapid development of AI-driven tools, particularly large language models (LLMs), is reshaping professional writing. Still, key aspects of their

researcharxiv-cs-cl

VOSSA: Voiceprint Optimization for Streaming Speech Architectures

arXiv:2609.38887v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-time voice conversion (VC) systems commonly rely on pretrained speaker embeddings from automatic speaker verification (ASV) models. While effecti

researcharxiv-cs-cl

VR-JEPA: Learning Contrastive-State Latent Guidance for Generation-based Video Reasoning

arXiv:2609.40129v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning through video generation offers a promising path toward visual intelligence by modeling latent visual states and their dynamics. However, curr

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Warm-starting PDE solvers with any-dimensional machine learning

arXiv:2609.38916v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Any-dimensional machine learning models, such as graph neural networks (GNNs), can be naturally trained and evaluated on inputs of different sizes and

WARP: A Unified Benchmark for Invisible Image Watermarking -- Robustness and Protection Against Attacks

arXiv:2609.40031v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Digital image watermarking is increasingly critical in media contexts, as emerging regulations and industry practices require marking AI-generated con

Wavelet Flow Matching for Time Series

arXiv:2609.39374v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Synthetic time series are increasingly used for data augmentation, privacy-preserving data sharing, and downstream model development, yet faithfully r

WEIRDO: WEak resIdual Regularized DOob's h-transform diffusion alignment

arXiv:2609.39531v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the problem of estimating the guidance that steers the distribution learned by a diffusion generative model toward a tilted target q_0 propto

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

What Can Component-Replacement Evidence Establish? A Critical Scoping Review of Local Decisions in LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.39989v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Background. A component replacement in a language-model agent changes an execution trajectory, potentially altering later observations, resource use, an

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

What Limits Recursive Reasoning Models: Optimization, Architecture and Test-Time Scaling

arXiv:2609.39967v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recursive reasoning models apply a small shared Transformer block many times to refine a latent state. This gives them large effective depth with few

Tutorials

What Pretraining and Midtraining Make Learnable from Rewards?

arXiv:2609.38446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A reward can identify a correct answer while leaving the computation needed for new inputs undetermined. We study how pretraining and midtraining supp

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

What Streaming Anomaly Detection Finds (and Misses) in Industrial Time Series

arXiv:2609.39232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: EDF relies on continuous monitoring of its power plants to detect anomalies as soon as they occur. Given the absence of a universally optimal streamin

What to Attend, What to Keep: Skill-Conditioned Visuotactile Representation with Progress-Guided Event Memory

arXiv:2609.38494v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robotic manipulation integrates vision, touch, and language, whose importance shifts across stages: vision guides reaching, while touch, through its e

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

What Was Said, Not What Was 'Thought': Type-6 Logic for CoT Verification

arXiv:2609.38420v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce Type-6 logic, a variant of dynamic epistemic logic augmented with two operators (uncertainty and recurrence), designed to model the infer

When a Flatness Proxy Is Not a Function: Robustness Certificates and Training Interventions

arXiv:2609.38540v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A valid curvature upper bound need not justify either a robustness certificate or an intervention on an intrinsic predictor property. We demonstrate thi

When a Kindergartener Solves Calculus: Measuring Capability Leakage in Role-Prompted Reasoning Models

arXiv:2609.39846v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the problem of role-capability leakage (RCL), in which a role-prompted reasoning model generates convincing in-role text while continui

When Can Text Replace Vision? Structural Bottlenecks in Diagram Reasoning

arXiv:2609.39142v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Can structured text replace vision for diagram reasoning? A wrong answer after textualization can arise because the representation omits information the

researcharxiv-cs-cv

When Clipping Reverses Correction: Failure Dynamics of Pointwise Forward-KL On-Policy Self-Distillation

arXiv:2609.38995v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) trains a student on its own generated responses using feedback from the same model conditioned on privileged informat

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

When Context Changes: Understanding Update Failures in LLMs

arXiv:2609.38866v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As preferences, goals, and facts change, LLM agents must use the current state while earlier versions remain in context. Yet they can answer with an old

Tutorials

When Correct Memory Goes Wrong: Fuzzing Persistent Memory Use in LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.38275v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Persistent memory helps LLM agents carry information across long interactions, but correct memory can still be used incorrectly when queries change or

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Agents

When Does a Spoken Agent Have Enough Evidence to Act? The PACT-SLM Contract Test

arXiv:2609.38232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Streaming spoken agents may take an external action before the available speech supports it, yet final-turn scores do not reveal whether each observed

agentsarxiv-cs-cl