Search: “llm”

Agent libOS: A Library-OS-Inspired Runtime for Long-Running, Capability-Controlled LLM Agents

arXiv:2606.03895v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are evolving from request-response assistants into long-running software actors: they maintain state across model ca

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Assessing and Mitigating Miscalibration in LLM-Based Social Science Measurement

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.11954v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in social science as scalable measurement tools for converting unstructured text into variables t

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

3 Jun 2026

EvoTrainer: Co-Evolving LLM Policies and Training Harnesses for Autonomous Agentic Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2606.03108v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous LLM training is often framed as recipe search, which leaves the training harness largely static. This limitation sharpens in agentic RL, wher

Multi^2: Hierarchical Multi-Agent Decision-Making with LLM-Based Agents in Interactive Environments

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2606.03698v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A central goal of large language model (LLM) research is to build agentic systems that can plan, act, and adapt through sustained interaction with dynam

Taiji: Pareto Optimal Policy Optimization with Semantics-IDs Trade-off for Industrial LLM-Enhanced Recommendation

arXiv:2606.03866v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scaling recommender systems via large language models (LLMs) has become a prominent trend in the industry. However, aligning the LLM's semantic space

Benchmarking LLM-as-a-Judge for Long-Form Output Evaluation

arXiv:2606.01629v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for long-form generation, reliably evaluating long-form outputs has become a critical challenge. L

Both Topology and Text Matter: Revisiting LLM-guided Out-of-Distribution Detection on Text-attributed Graphs

arXiv:2602.11641v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) associate nodes with textual attributes and graph structure, enabling GNNs to jointly model semantic and structural in

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Constitutional Black-Box Monitoring for Scheming in LLM Agents

arXiv:2603.00829v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Safe deployment of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in autonomous settings requires reliable oversight mechanisms. A central challenge is det

CUPID in the Model Zoo: Online Matchmaking for Selecting Your Dream LLM

arXiv:2606.00846v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Users increasingly face the challenge of selecting an appropriate LLM for a given task from a rapidly growing pool of LLMs, each with distinct but often

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Early Diagnosis of Wasted Computation in Multi-Agent LLM Systems via Failure-Aware Observability

arXiv:2606.01365v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool-using multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems spend computation through model tokens, tool calls, retries, and code execution before produci

Ev-Trust: An Evolutionarily Stable Trust Mechanism for Decentralized LLM-Based Multi-Agent Service Economies

arXiv:2512.16167v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Decentralized LLM-based multi-agent service economies face three vulnerabilities that undermine traditional trust mechanisms: reduced cost of

ExpWeaver: LLM Agents Learn from Experience via Latent RAG

arXiv:2606.01041v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Experience learning has achieved promising results in enhancing LLM agent planning and reasoning by integrating past interactions as reusable knowledge.

FALAT: Tracing Failures in LLM Agent Trajectories via Dependency-Guided Search

arXiv:2606.00765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based agents increasingly solve complex tasks through long trajectories involving reasoning steps, tool calls, and inter-agent communication. Howeve

Hardware

Lodestar: An Online-Learning LLM Inference Router

arXiv:2606.00946v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Efficiently serving large language model (LLM) inference tasks is crucial both for user-perceived latency such as time-to-first-token (TTFT) and for G

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

OpenHospital: A Thing-in-itself Arena for Evolving and Benchmarking LLM-based Collective Intelligence

arXiv:2603.14771v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM)-based Collective Intelligence (CI) presents a promising approach to overcoming the data wall and continuously boosting th

PrivacyPeek: Auditing What LLM-Based Agents Acquire, Not Just What They Say

arXiv:2606.00152v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-based agents are rapidly advancing, autonomously invoking external tools to complete multi-step tasks for users. However, agents often acquire mor

SkillRevise: Improving LLM-Authored Agent Skills via Trace-Conditioned Skill Revision

arXiv:2606.01139v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent skills are procedural artifacts that enable LLM agents to execute workflows, verify constraints, and recover from failures. Existing self-evolving

TrafficClaw: A Generalizable LLM Agent in the Unified Physical Environment for Urban Traffic Control

arXiv:2604.17456v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents have shown strong capabilities in long-horizon reasoning, tool use, and decision-making in digital environments, y

Human Psychometric Questionnaires Mischaracterize LLM Behavior

arXiv:2509.10078v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We examine whether human psychometric questionnaires can serve as reliable tools for characterizing and predicting LLM behavior in everyday us

1 Jun 2026

Reassessing Extractive QA Datasets at Scale: LLM-as-a-Judge and In-Depth Analyses

arXiv:2504.11972v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Extractive QA tasks are commonly evaluated using Exact Match (EM) and F1-score, but these metrics often fail to reflect true model performance. Rece

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

1 Jun 2026

CoHyDE: Iterative Co-Training of LLM Rewriter & Dense Encoder for Tool Retrieval

arXiv:2605.29271v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool retrieval over large API catalogs is a core bottleneck for LLM agents: user queries arrive in colloquial, often underspecified language, while the

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Does The Way You Plan Matter? An Empirical Study of Planning Representations for LLM Web Agents

arXiv:2605.29927v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite recent advances, LLM-based web agents still struggle with limited exploration, omission of critical steps, and sensitivity to task constraints

HEART-Bench: Do LLM Agents Exhibit Human-like Psychology?

arXiv:2605.30058v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While LLM agents have demonstrated remarkable task-oriented abilities such as planning, reasoning, and action, few works have treated them as complete h

In-Place Feedback: Reliable Refinement for Multi-Turn Expert-LLM Collaboration

arXiv:2510.00777v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-generated drafts often contain subtle factual or logical errors, yet prior work shows that models struggle to reliably integrate multi-turn feed

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Tutorials

Learnable Assessment Skills for LLM-based Automated Scoring: Rubric Construction via Iterative Optimization

arXiv:2605.29274v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based automated scoring approaches near-human performance, but scaling to new tasks remains bottlenecked by the per-item human configuration of upst

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cl

MarginGate: Sparse Margin-Triggered Verification for Batch-Invariant LLM Inference

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.30218v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Temperature-zero BF16 LLM inference is often treated as reproducible, yet the same request can emit different tokens when decoded alone or inside a larg

PersonaAgent: Bridging Memory and Action for Personalized LLM Agents

arXiv:2506.06254v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) empowered agents have recently emerged as advanced paradigms that exhibit impressive capabilities in a wide range of doma

Resolution Diagnostics for Paired LLM Evaluation

arXiv:2605.30315v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Across two public LLM leaderboards, many displayed pairwise rankings do not meet a conventional paired-test resolution target under the actual paired ev

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Ask Now, Use Later: Benchmarking the Proactivity Gap in Long-Lived LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.28108v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A long-lived LLM agent, such as OpenClaw, earns its value by acting on a user's preferences and constraints across sessions, not just the current reques

Applications

Fine-Tuned LLM as a Complementary Predictor Improving Ads System

arXiv:2605.27856v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recommendation systems power engagement and monetization across feeds, ads, and short-video platforms, but translating the latest advances in Large La

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

MolLingo: Molecule-Native Representations for LLM-Powered Scientific Agents

arXiv:2605.27853v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present MolLingo, a multi-agent system that emulates the reasoning process of a chemist to automate molecular design. Existing LLM-based approaches e

PromptEmbedder:: Efficient and Transferable Text Embedding via Dual-LLM Soft Prompting

arXiv:2605.28066v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in text embedding, yet current adaptation methods like LoRA face significant bottle

RAG-Coding: Enhancing LLM Medical Coding with Structured External Knowledge

arXiv:2605.27377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present RAG-Coding, an agentic method for automated ICD-10-CM coding. RAG-Coding orchestrates four large language model (LLM) agents and grounds th

SSR3D-LLM: Structured Spatial Reasoning via Latent Steps for Fine-Grained Grounding in Unified 3D-LLMs

arXiv:2605.28490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: 3D object grounding localizes referred objects in a 3D scene from natural language. Unified instance-centric 3D-LLMs aim to solve grounding together w

FinHarness: An Inline Lifecycle Safety Harness for Finance LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.27333v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Finance LLM agents must simultaneously block prompt-induced unauthorized actions and approve legitimate multi-step business workflows. However, boundary

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

JuICE: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLM-Judge in Identifying Cultural Errors

arXiv:2605.26955v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to users around the world, they are integrated into everyday tasks across diverse cultural c

PRISM: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Peer Reviewers

arXiv:2605.26730v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid growth in submissions to machine learning venues has strained the scientific peer-review system and intensified interest in LLM-based automate

ReVEL: Multi-Turn Reflective LLM-Guided Heuristic Evolution via Structured Performance Feedback

arXiv:2604.04940v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Designing effective heuristics for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems remains challenging and often requires substantial domain expertise.

TADDLE: A Tool-Augmented Agent for Detecting Deficient LLM-Generated Peer Reviews

arXiv:2605.26911v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-generated peer reviews are increasingly common at major venues, yet their deficiencies are hard to detect because they are uniformly fluent and well

UnityMAS-O: A General RL Optimization Framework for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems

arXiv:2605.26646v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based multi-agent systems decompose complex tasks into interacting roles, but most remain manually orchestrated by prompts, tools, and control rules

AutoSG: LLM-Driven Solver Generation Solely from Task Prompts for Expensive Optimization

arXiv:2605.25658v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Expensive optimization tasks are ubiquitous in real-world applications, demanding highly specialized solvers. While LLM-driven automated solver genera

Hera: Learning Long-Horizon Coordination for Device-Cloud Collaborative LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.24598v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents excel at solving complex long-horizon tasks through autonomous interaction with environments. However, their real-worl

How Many Tools Should an LLM Agent See? A Chance-Corrected Answer

arXiv:2605.24660v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Before an LLM agent can use a tool, a retrieval system must decide which candidate tools to show to the agent. How long should that shortlist be? Show

RecGOAT: Graph Optimal Adaptive Transport for LLM-Enhanced Multimodal Recommendation with Dual Semantic Alignment

arXiv:2602.00682v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Integrating large language model (LLM) representations into multimodal recommendation has shown promise, yet a fundamental challenge remains l

Reflect-Guard: Enhancing LLM Safeguards against Adversarial Prompts via Logical Self-Reflection

arXiv:2605.24834v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) safety classifiers such as Llama Guard are effective at detecting overtly harmful prompts but remain vulnerable to adversar

Schema-Grounded LLM Extraction for FHIR Patient Digital Twins

arXiv:2601.05847v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We revisit the problem of constructing interoperable patient digital twins from unstructured electronic health records (EHRs) and argue that the tas

StepGap: A Hybrid NLI-LLM Checker for Step-Level Evidence-Gap Detectionin Multi-Hop Question Answering

arXiv:2605.24733v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present extbf{StepGap}, a hybrid NLI-LLM decision tree that detects step-level evidence gaps in multi-hop QA and emits one of three typed labels: ext

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Ratchet: A Minimal Hygiene Recipe for Self-Evolving LLM Agents

arXiv:2605.22148v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-evolving skill libraries, pioneered by Voyager, let frozen LLM agents accumulate reusable knowledge without weight updates, yet recent evaluation