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RNA Design via Conditioned Flow Matching and Finite-Policy Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.36885v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: RNA design aims to identify sequences that fold into specified secondary structures. Existing methods formulate the task as target-specific search or

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

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Human DGX agent

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Robo-Saber: Generating and Simulating Virtual Reality Players

DGX agent

arXiv:2602.18319v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present the first motion generation system for playtesting virtual reality (VR) games. Our player model generates VR headset and handheld c

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

30 Sept 2026

RoboChrono: A Real Robot Benchmark for Streaming Task Understanding

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2609.36605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding ongoing robot manipulation requires models to interpret visual observations in relation to interaction history and task progress. We intro

Applications

RoboFin3D: A Sim-to-Real Platform for Robotic Surface Finishing

arXiv:2609.37560v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Grinding and sanding are fundamental processes in industrial robotic surface finishing. However, physical trials are expensive and consume workpieces, m

applicationsarxiv-cs-ro

RoboHarn-Evo: Evolving Hierarchical Physical Knowledge for Self-Improving Robotic Manipulation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2609.37583v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models can coordinate long-horizon robot manipulation, yet successful task reasoning still depends on whether local physical interaction

Rollout-Marginal Distillation for Long-Horizon Autoregressive Video Generation

arXiv:2609.37925v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autoregressive (AR) video diffusion enables low-latency, streamable video generation, but prediction errors often accumulate over long rollouts. Train

researcharxiv-cs-ai

RolloutFaith: Auditing Persistent Internal Interventions in Visual World Model

arXiv:2609.36843v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interpretability methods such as probes, activation patches and learned editors are designed to reveal or modify a model's current computation. World mo

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

ROSS: Relearning from Self-Generated Rollouts through Selective Supervision

arXiv:2609.35954v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model post-training generates self-generated rollouts through reinforcement learning and on-policy distillation, yet this experience is

Routing in Gradient Space: Balanced Usage Is Not Expert Specialization

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.36724v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparse expert models can distribute traffic evenly while still grouping incompatible training signals within the same experts. We study routing as a gra

Routing Should Pay for Itself: Sparse Supervision for Economical LLM Routing

arXiv:2609.37402v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) routing reduces serving cost by assigning each query to an appropriate model while preserving response quality. Learning such

researcharxiv-cs-ai

RoXDrive: Closed-Loop Reinforcement Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Action-Faithful Rollouts

arXiv:2609.36851v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: End-to-end autonomous driving policies are commonly trained via imitation learning on logged demonstrations without observing the consequences of their

RS-OPSD: Reliable Privileged On-Policy-Self-Distillation for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing VQA

arXiv:2609.38072v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ultra-high-resolution (UHR) remote sensing visual question answering (VQA) requires models to resolve small visual evidence within extremely large image

RunyaNER: Auxiliary Language Selection for Runyankore NER

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2609.37543v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cross-lingual zero-shot transfer and multilingual fine-tuning are promising approaches for NLP tasks such as Named Entity Recognition (NER) in low-resou

Tutorials

S2T-Unet: A Structure-to-Style Framework for Inter-Modality MRI Translation

arXiv:2609.36866v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inter-modality MRI translation aims to synthesize missing MRI modalities from available acquisitions, reducing the need for additional scanning while pr

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

S^3: Spectral Null-Space Swap Makes Reasoning Models Efficient

arXiv:2609.37976v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLMs trained with Chain-of-thought excel in reasoning capability, but often come with excessive token cost. We find that the core of reasoning capacit

researcharxiv-cs-ai

S4VY: Segment Anything in Feed-Forward 4D Visual Geometry

arXiv:2609.36875v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate instance segmentation in dynamic scenes is important for downstream applications such as robotics and autonomous driving. Existing Segment Anyt

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Safe-by-Design Learning via Energy-based Neural Networks

arXiv:2609.36942v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning neural-network models of dynamical systems with safety guarantees is a fundamental requirement for their deployment in safety-critical settin

SafeCoEvo: Co-Evolving Safety Harnesses and Guards for LLM Agents at Test-Time

arXiv:2609.36580v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM agents deployed in real-world environments continually encounter new tasks and safety risks, while execution feedback typically becomes available on

SafeLLM4SE: Statistical Evaluation and Reporting for LLM-based Software Engineering Systems

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.37294v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for software engineering tasks, yet their stochastic behavior challenges the validity, reproducibil

Safer Content or Firmer Refusals? A Hybrid Perturbation Defense for Alignment under Harmful Fine-tuning

arXiv:2609.36862v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fine-tuning-as-a-service lets users adapt a safety-aligned language model to their own data, but it also creates a harmful fine-tuning attack surface:

SafeVantage: Vantage-Aware Memory for Reliable Embodied Decisions

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.36906v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable embodied decisions under partial observability require informative observations and sufficient supporting evidence. However, semantic scores al

SAGE: A Statistical Acceptance Gate for Self-Evolving Agents

arXiv:2609.36043v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly self-evolve by editing a persistent skill document that encodes their workflow, tool-use rules, and

Sage: Formalization with Semantic Correction

arXiv:2609.35790v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While neural theorem provers have achieved impressive milestones in formal mathematics, they largely operate on the assumption that faithful Lean 4 fo

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

SAKI: Maximal-Coupling-Routed Teacher Supervision for On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2609.36601v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) reduces train-test state mismatch by training a student on its own generated trajectories, but weak students may visit teac

SAKI: Skill Assembly and Kinematic Imitation from Human Videos for Long-Horizon Mobile Manipulation

arXiv:2609.36031v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning from human videos offers a promising route to acquiring diverse manipulation skills. Extending this capability beyond tabletop settings to long

researcharxiv-cs-ro

SalamahBench: Dialect and Category Level Safety Evaluation of Arabic Language Models

arXiv:2603.04410v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While different stakeholders are trying to leverage Arabic Language Models (ALMs), safety alignment in ALMs remains largely underexplored, hin

Salt++: Context-Aligned Post-Training for Few-Step Streaming Multimodal Generation

arXiv:2609.36995v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Few-step streaming audio--video generation requires both causal modeling and step distillation, yet standard training recipes face two context-related

SAM Meets VLM: Parameter-Decoupled Full-Parameter Training for Unified Medical Reasoning and Segmentation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.37283v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly expected not only to answer clinical questions, but also to localize the visual eviden

Same Bytes, Different Authority: Reserved-Token Representations in Chat-Template Prompt Injection

arXiv:2609.35932v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prompt injection against LLM agents becomes much stronger when the injected instruction is wrapped in the model's own chat template. A forged template

Sample Complexity of Equivariant Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.36421v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful framework for robotic control, yet its practical application is often hindered by high sample complexity. Th

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

SCA: Spatial Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning of GUI Agents

arXiv:2609.36939v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: GUI agents automate tasks on digital devices by grounding language instructions in visual interfaces. Existing group-relative reinforcement learning imp

ScaGNN: a Graph Neural Network for Multiple Scattering Simulations

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.37509v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The boundary element method (BEM) provides an efficient numerical framework for solving multiple scattering problems in unbounded homogeneous domains. B

Local Ai

Scalable Diffusion SBI for Compositional Inference under Simulator Misspecification

arXiv:2609.36950v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Simulation-based inference is challenging when many heterogeneous observations must be composed, hierarchical latent structure must be preserved, and th

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Scale-Invariant Manipulability Shape Tracking Across Heterogeneous Manipulators

arXiv:2609.36784v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When transferring manipulability across systems with different sizes and kinematic structures, matching absolute ellipsoid scale may be unnecessary when

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Scale Sensitivity in Low-Bit Post-Training Quantization: Curvature of the Quantization Error Landscape

arXiv:2609.37416v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training quantization (PTQ) methods in the GPTQ family minimize a layer-wise reconstruction error on a uniform grid whose scale must be chosen; the

Tutorials

Scaling Full Conformal Image Classifiers

arXiv:2609.37298v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Conformal prediction provides set-valued predictions with distribution-free coverage guarantees, making it attractive for high-stakes image classifica

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

Tutorials

Scaling Influence Functions in LLMs through Eigenbasis-Corrected One-Bit Gradient Projection

arXiv:2609.37842v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Influence functions estimate how individual training examples affect the behavior of large language models (LLMs). Analyzing how training data influen

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Scaling Video Generation for Reasoning: At What Cost?

arXiv:2609.36599v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study whether scaling video generation enables models to reason about hidden information from the past frames, and at what computational cost. Our

Hardware

Scaling Zero-Order Pretraining through Model Sharding

arXiv:2609.37899v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Zero-order optimization (ZO) trains without backpropagation, making it relevant to forward-only hardware and non-differentiable loss, but its gradient v

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

SCCM: Spherically Consistent Coarse Matching for ERP Dense Feature Correspondence

arXiv:2609.36545v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Equirectangular projection (ERP) is the standard representation for 360^irc imagery, and robust dense feature matching on ERP underpins panoramic stereo

Scene-Consistent Illumination Transfer for Inserted Advertising Graphics

arXiv:2609.37951v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Replacing a visible advertisement in a broadcast frame is geometrically straightforward but photometrically delicate. A pasted graphic can have the corr

Scene Retargeting: Learning Object Placement with Analogical Transfer

arXiv:2609.36801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interactive simulations of embodied AI or spatial computing applications build on realistic 3D scenes that support daily activities. However, sparse, ir

Scheduling Recursive Reasoning in Looped Transformers

arXiv:2609.36653v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recurrent reasoning models have attracted growing attention for scaling test-time computation, typically by iteratively refining latent states with shar

SCOPE: Observation-Conditioned Full-Target Prediction for Sparse PDE Inference

arXiv:2609.36527v2 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recovering complete physical fields from sparse observations is challenging because the measurements may not uniquely determine the underlying state. Di

SCOUT: Synergizing Reasoning and Tool-Use for Computer-Use Safety

arXiv:2609.36201v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computer-use agents (CUAs), while capable of completing computer tasks in everyday and professional workflows, can cause unintended harm even under be

Scouting the Dynamics Gap: Test-Time Policy Adaptation via Action-Outcome Feedback

arXiv:2609.36107v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While pretrained robotic policies exhibit impressive capabilities in controlled environments, unobserved physical properties and dynamics require these

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Screening Is Enough

arXiv:2604.01178v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We call query--key relevance absolute when its values lie on a fixed bounded scale, depend on neither competing keys nor sequence length, requ

Search Dimension in Unlabeled Projection Pursuit: A Scaling Law for Subspace Restriction

arXiv:2609.37917v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Projection pursuit searches for a direction along which the data look least Gaussian. When the observation space contains a large Gaussian complement, t