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How does loss functions work in PINN? [D]

researchr-machinelearning

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) use specialized loss functions that combine data-fitting terms with physics constraints derived from differential equations, allowing the network to learn solu

Human-Certified Module Repositories for the AI Age

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DGX agent

arXiv:2603.02512v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Human-Certified Module Repositories (HCMRs) are introduced in this work as a new architectural model for constructing trustworthy software in

researcharxiv-cs-ai

19 May 2026

Hybrid Quantum-Classical Neural Architecture Search

arXiv:2605.18345v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hybrid quantum-classical neural networks (HQNNs) are emerging as a practical approach for quantum machine learning in the noisy intermediate-scale qua

HyperVision: A Channel-Adaptive Ground-Based Hyperspectral Vision Pre-trained Backbone

arXiv:2605.17286v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While hyperspectral imaging provides rich spatial-spectral information across hundreds of narrow wavelength bands for precise material identification, g

Identify Then Project: Contrastive Learning of Latent Dynamics from Partial Observations with Port-Hamiltonian Structure

arXiv:2605.16682v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Identifying latent state representations and dynamics is essential when direct modeling in observation space is infeasible, particularly under partial a

Image-to-Video Diffusion: From Foundations to Open Frontiers

arXiv:2605.17248v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion-based extit{image-to-video} (I2V) generation has become a central direction in generative models by turning a reference image, with optional c

Inducing Spatial Locality in Vision Transformers through the Training Protocol

arXiv:2605.16390v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate whether the training protocol can induce spatial locality in the early layers of a Vision Transformer (ViT) trained from scratch, without

Information-Theoretic Storage Cost in Sentence Comprehension

arXiv:2602.18217v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Real-time sentence comprehension imposes a significant load on working memory, as comprehenders must maintain contextual information to anticipate f

InstructAV2AV: Instruction-Guided Audio-Video Joint Editing

arXiv:2605.18467v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent diffusion-based methods have achieved impressive progress in video content manipulation. However, they typically ignore the accompanying audio, l

Integration of AI in Cybersecurity: Current Trends with a Focused Look at Intrusion Detection Applications

arXiv:2605.17219v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely adopted today for its ability to detect patterns, automate tasks, and reduce time and cost across various appli

Inter-LPCM: Learning-based Inter-Frame Predictive Coding for LiDAR Point Cloud Compression

arXiv:2605.18006v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Because LiDAR sensors acquire point clouds with a fixed angular resolution, the resulting data can be systematically parameterized and efficiently com

Is Complex Training Necessary for Long-Tailed OOD Detection? A Re-think from Feature Geometry

arXiv:2605.17799v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-tailed out-of-distribution (LT-OOD) detection is often addressed with specialized training, including auxiliary out-of-distribution (OOD) data, abs

Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift

arXiv:2605.17251v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent work due to Goel et al. gave the first efficient algorithms for learning with distribution shift in the challenging PQ framework. In this setti

JSPG: Dynamic Dictionary Filtering via Joint Semantic-Pinyin-Glyph Retrieval for Chinese Contextual ASR

arXiv:2605.16896v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Contextual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) faces challenges with large-scale keyword dictionaries, as excessive irrelevant candidates introduce noise

Knowledge-to-Verification: Exploring RLVR for LLMs in Knowledge-Intensive Domains

arXiv:2605.18261v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated promising potential to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language model

Language Acquisition Device in Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.16758v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) remain substantially less data-efficient than humans. Pre-pretraining (PPT) on synthetic languages has been proposed to clo

Language Models as Efficient Reward Function Searchers for Custom-Environment Multi-Objective Reinforcement

arXiv:2409.02428v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Achieving the effective design and improvement of reward functions in reinforcement learning (RL) tasks with complex custom environments and m

Latent Heuristic Search: Continuous Optimization for Automated Algorithm Design

arXiv:2605.17137v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into evolutionary frameworks has established a new paradigm for automated heuristic discovery. Despite t

Latent-IMH: Efficient Bayesian Inference for Inverse Problems with Approximate Operators

arXiv:2601.20888v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study sampling from posterior distributions in Bayesian linear inverse problems where A, the parameters to observables operator, is computa

Learning Higher-Order Structure from Incomplete Spatiotemporal Data: Multi-Scale Hypergraph Laplacians with Neural Refinement

arXiv:2605.17316v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sensor networks increasingly govern modern infrastructure, yet the data they lose are rarely missing in the uniform-random patterns assumed by standar

Learning in Position-Aware Multinomial Logit Bandits: From Multiplicative to General Position Effects

arXiv:2605.17238v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study the dynamic joint assortment selection and positioning problem, where the attraction of each product depends on both its intrinsic appeal and i

Learning Lifted Action Models from Traces with Minimal Information About Actions and States

arXiv:2605.18627v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: It has been recently shown that lifted STRIPS models can be learned correctly and efficiently from action traces alone; i.e., applicable action sequence

Learning more physically realistic dynamics in machine-learning based weather forecasting with latent-space constraints

arXiv:2510.04006v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Data-driven machine learning (ML) models are reshaping weather forecasting and have shown the potential to accelerate and surpass traditional physic

Learning Normal Representations for Blood Biomarkers

arXiv:2605.18701v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Blood-based biomarkers underpin clinical diagnosis and management, yet their interpretation relies largely on fixed population reference intervals that

Learning over Positive and Negative Edges with Contrastive Message Passing

arXiv:2605.17854v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conventional approaches to learning on graphs involve message passing along existing (i.e., positive) edges to update node features. However, these appr

Learning Quantifiable Visual Explanations Without Ground-Truth

arXiv:2605.18681v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are increasingly important for the validation and responsible use of modern deep learning models, but are difficult to e

Learning spatially adaptive sparsity level maps for arbitrary convolutional dictionaries

arXiv:2602.21707v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: State-of-the-art learned reconstruction methods often rely on black-box modules that, despite their strong performance, raise questions about

Learning to Look Benign: Targeted Evasion of Malware Detectors via API Import Injection

arXiv:2605.18624v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning-based malware detectors are widely deployed in antivirus and endpoint detection systems, yet their reliance on static features makes

Learning Unbiased Permutations via Flow Matching

arXiv:2605.16755v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning permutations is fundamental to sorting, ranking, and matching, but existing differentiable methods based on entropy-regularized Sinkhorn prod

Learning Variable-Length Tokenization for Generative Recommendation

arXiv:2605.17779v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative recommendation reformulates recommendation as next-token prediction over discrete semantic identifiers (IDs). A fundamental yet unexplored de

Lever: Speculative LLM Inference on Smartphones

arXiv:2605.16786v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly needed for interactive mobile applications, but high-quality models exceed the limited DRAM available on s

Leveraging Error Diversity in Group Rollouts for Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.17333v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) typically samples multiple responses per prompt and assigns binary rewards based on individual cor

Leveraging Graph Structure in Seq2Seq Models for Knowledge Graph Link Prediction

arXiv:2605.18211v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce Graph-Augmented Sequence-to-Sequence (GA-S2S), a novel framework that integrates a T5-small encoder-decoder with a Relational Graph Atten

Leveraging Multimodal Self-Consistency Reasoning in Coding Motivational Interviewing for Alcohol Use Reduction

arXiv:2605.12987v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: BACKGROUND: Coding Motivational Interviewing (MI) sessions is essential for understanding client behaviors and predicting outcomes, but it requires

Lightweight Physics-Aware Zero-Shot Ultrasound Plane-Wave Denoising

arXiv:2506.21499v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ultrasound Coherent Plane-Wave Compounding (CPWC) enhances image contrast by combining echoes from multiple steered transmissions. While incre

LightZeroNav: Zero-Shot Vision Language Navigation in Continuous Environments Based on Lightweight VLMs

arXiv:2603.16947v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Although vision-language navigation (VLN) has progressed rapidly, zero-shot VLN in continuous environments (VLN-CE) remains highly challenging

Lipschitz-Guided Design of Interpolation Schedules in Generative Models

arXiv:2509.01629v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the design of interpolation schedules in flow and diffusion-based generative models from both statistical and numerical perspectives.

LISA: Language-guided Interference-aware Spatial-Frequency Attention for Driver Gaze Estimation

arXiv:2605.17287v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Driver gaze estimation serves as a fundamental metric for evaluating driver attentiveness in modern monitoring systems. Beyond being vulnerable to sudde

LiteFrame: Efficient Vision Encoders Unlock Frame Scaling in Video LLMs

arXiv:2605.17260v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The fundamental challenge in scaling Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) to long-form video lies in managing the explosion of visual-token context

Safety

LLM-Safety Evaluations Lack Robustness

arXiv:2503.02574v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we argue that current safety alignment research efforts for large language models are hindered by many intertwined sources of n

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Long Context Modeling with Ranked Memory-Augmented Retrieval

arXiv:2503.14800v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Effective long-term memory management is crucial for language models handling extended contexts. We introduce the Enhanced Ranked Memory Augme

Long-horizon prediction of three-dimensional wall-bounded turbulence with CTA-Swin-UNet and resolvent analysis

arXiv:2605.17888v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-horizon prediction of three-dimensional (3D) wall-bounded turbulence with machine-learning methods remains a challenging task, due to the rapid a

Longwang: Zero-Shot Global Spatiotemporal Precipitation Downscaling with a Latent Generative Prior

arXiv:2605.17603v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: High-resolution precipitation information is essential for climate impact assessment, yet global climate models remain too coarse to resolve key small

Lost or Hidden? A Concept-Level Forgetting in Supervised Continual Learning

arXiv:2605.16374v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Continual learning studies how models can adapt to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Although a broad spectrum of methods has b

Lotus-2: Advancing Geometric Dense Prediction with Powerful Image Generative Model

arXiv:2512.01030v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recovering pixel-wise geometric properties from a single image is fundamentally ill-posed due to appearance ambiguity and non-injective mappings bet

LURE: Latent Space Unblocking for Multi-Concept Reawakening in Diffusion Models

arXiv:2601.14330v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Concept erasure aims to suppress sensitive content in diffusion models, but recent studies show that erased concepts can still be reawakened, reveal

Machine Learning-Based Pre-Test Risk Stratification for PCR-Confirmed Chlamydia Using Patient-Reported Data and Urine Biomarkers

arXiv:2605.16365v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Early identification of individuals at elevated risk of Chlamydia trachomatis infection may enable optimal use of molecular testing in resource-aware sc

Markerless Motion Capture for Biomechanical Whole-Body Kinematic Estimation in Infants

arXiv:2605.17120v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: arly identification of motor impairment in infancy relies on expert visual assessment of spontaneous movement, motivating the development of automated,