Search: “research”

Calibrating conditional risk

arXiv:2604.20409v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce and study the problem of calibrating conditional risk, which involves estimating the expected loss of a prediction model conditional on inp

Do We Need Bigger Models for Science? Task-Aware Retrieval with Small Language Models

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arXiv:2604.01965v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Scientific knowledge discovery increasingly relies on large language models, yet many existing scholarly assistants depend on proprietary syst

researcharxiv-cs-ai

23 Apr 2026

Excretion Detection in Pigsties Using Convolutional and Transformerbased Deep Neural Networks

arXiv:2412.00256v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Animal excretions in form of urine puddles and feces are a significant source of emissions in livestock farming. Automated detection of soiled floor

Handbook of Rough Set Extensions and Uncertainty Models

arXiv:2604.19794v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rough set theory models uncertainty by approximating target concepts through lower and upper sets induced by indiscernibility, or more generally, by gra

Lucky High Dynamic Range Smartphone Imaging

arXiv:2604.19976v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While the human eye can perceive an impressive twenty stops of dynamic range, smartphone camera sensors remain limited to about twelve stops despite dec

Optimizing Data Augmentation for Real-Time Small UAV Detection: A Lightweight Context-Aware Approach

arXiv:2604.19999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual detection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is a critical task in surveillance systems due to their small physical size and environmental challe

Rabies diagnosis in low-data settings: A comparative study on the impact of data augmentation and transfer learning

arXiv:2604.19823v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Rabies remains a major public health concern across many African and Asian countries, where accurate diagnosis is critical for effective epidemiologic

SolidCoder: Bridging the Mental-Reality Gap in LLM Code Generation through Concrete Execution

arXiv:2604.19825v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: State-of-the-art code generation frameworks rely on mental simulation, where LLMs internally trace execution to verify correctness. We expose a fundam

SwiftRepertoire: Few-Shot Immune-Signature Synthesis via Dynamic Kernel Codes

arXiv:2602.01051v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Repertoire-level analysis of T cell receptors offers a biologically grounded signal for disease detection and immune monitoring, yet practical deplo

Treatment, evidence, imitation, and chat

arXiv:2506.23040v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models are thought to have the potential to aid in medical decision making. This work investigates the degree to which this mig

Weighted Knowledge Distillation for Semi-Supervised Segmentation of Maxillary Sinus in Panoramic X-ray Images

arXiv:2604.20213v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate segmentation of maxillary sinus in panoramic X-ray images is essential for dental diagnosis and surgical planning; however, this task remains r

A Mechanism and Optimization Study on the Impact of Information Density on User-Generated Content Named Entity Recognition

arXiv:2604.18944v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Named Entity Recognition (NER) models trained on clean, high-resource corpora exhibit catastrophic performance collapse when deployed on noisy, sparse U

Adapting Dijkstra for Buffers and Unlimited Transfers

arXiv:2603.11729v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In recent years, RAPTOR based algorithms have been considered the state-of-the-art for path-finding with unlimited transfers without preproces

Agents

AI scientists produce results without reasoning scientifically

arXiv:2604.18805v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM)-based systems are increasingly deployed to conduct scientific research autonomously, yet whether their reasoning adheres to t

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

An Answer is just the Start: Related Insight Generation for Open-Ended Document-Grounded QA

arXiv:2604.19685v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Answering open-ended questions remains challenging for AI systems because it requires synthesis, judgment, and exploration beyond factual retrieval, and

Benchmarking Physics-Informed Neural Networks and Boundary Elements Methods for Wave Scattering

arXiv:2509.12483v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This study compares the Boundary Element Method (BEM) and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving the two-dimensional Helmholtz equatio

Beyond One Output: Visualizing and Comparing Distributions of Language Model Generations

arXiv:2604.18724v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Users typically interact with and evaluate language models via single outputs, but each output is just one sample from a broad distribution of possible

Comparing energy consumption and accuracy in text classification inference

arXiv:2508.14170v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP) tasks raises concerns about energy efficiency and sus

Construction of Knowledge Graph based on Language Model

arXiv:2604.19137v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Knowledge Graph (KG) can effectively integrate valuable information from massive data, and thus has been rapidly developed and widely used in many field

Geometry-Guided Self-Supervision for Ultra-Fine-Grained Recognition with Limited Data

arXiv:2604.19345v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper investigates the intrinsic geometrical features of highly similar objects and introduces a general self-supervised framework called the Geome

Learning Evolution via Optimization Knowledge Adaptation

arXiv:2501.02200v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The iterative search process of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) encapsulates optimization knowledge within historical populations and fitness ev

Real-Time Streamable Generative Speech Restoration with Flow Matching

arXiv:2512.19442v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion-based generative models have greatly impacted the speech processing field in recent years, exhibiting high speech naturalness and sp

Rethinking Dataset Distillation: Hard Truths about Soft Labels

arXiv:2604.18811v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite the perceived success of large-scale dataset distillation (DD) methods, recent evidence finds that simple random image baselines perform on-pa

RIFT: A RubrIc Failure Mode Taxonomy and Automated Diagnostics

arXiv:2604.01375v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Rubric-based evaluation is widely used in LLM benchmarks and training pipelines for open-ended, less verifiable tasks. While prior work has demonstr

Scripts Through Time: A Survey of the Evolving Role of Transliteration in NLP

arXiv:2604.18722v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cross-lingual transfer in NLP is often hindered by the ``script barrier'' where differences in writing systems inhibit transfer learning between languag

Understanding LLM Performance Degradation in Multi-Instance Processing: The Roles of Instance Count and Context Length

arXiv:2603.22608v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Users often rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) for processing multiple documents or performing analysis over a number of instances. For example, a

Attention Is not Everything: Efficient Alternatives for Vision

arXiv:2604.17439v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recently computer vision has seen advancements mainly thanks to Transformer-based models. However many non-Transformer methods are still doing well bein

AvatarPointillist: AutoRegressive 4D Gaussian Avatarization

arXiv:2604.04787v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce AvatarPointillist, a novel framework for generating dynamic 4D Gaussian avatars from a single portrait image. At the core of our method

BhashaSutra: A Task-Centric Unified Survey of Indian NLP Datasets, Corpora, and Resources

arXiv:2604.18423v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: India's linguistic landscape, spanning 22 scheduled languages and hundreds of marginalized dialects, has driven rapid growth in NLP datasets, benchmarks

Context Matters: Peer-Aware Student Behavioral Engagement Measurement via VLM Action Parsing and LLM Sequence Classification

arXiv:2601.06394v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Understanding student behavior in the classroom is essential to improve both pedagogical quality and student engagement. Existing methods for predic

Countdown-Code: A Testbed for Studying The Emergence and Generalization of Reward Hacking in RLVR

arXiv:2603.07084v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reward hacking is a form of misalignment in which models overoptimize proxy rewards without genuinely solving the underlying task. Precisely m

Data Mixing for Large Language Models Pretraining: A Survey and Outlook

arXiv:2604.16380v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) rely on pretraining on massive and heterogeneous corpora, where training data composition has a decisive impact on training

Defragmenting Language Models: An Interpretability-based Approach for Vocabulary Expansion

arXiv:2604.16656v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: All languages are equal; when it comes to tokenization, some are more equal than others. Tokens are the hidden currency that dictate the cost and latenc

DualToken: Towards Unifying Visual Understanding and Generation with Dual Visual Vocabularies

arXiv:2503.14324v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The differing representation spaces required for visual understanding and generation pose a challenge in unifying them within the autoregressi

FreezeEmpath: Efficient Training for Empathetic Spoken Chatbots with Frozen LLMs

arXiv:2604.18159v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Empathy is essential for fostering natural interactions in spoken dialogue systems, as it enables machines to recognize the emotional tone of human spee

FSEVAL: Feature Selection Evaluation Toolbox and Dashboard

arXiv:2604.18227v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Feature selection is a fundamental machine learning and data mining task, involved with discriminating redundant features from informative ones. It is a

HopWeaver: Cross-Document Synthesis of High-Quality and Authentic Multi-Hop Questions

arXiv:2505.15087v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) is crucial for evaluating the model's capability to integrate information from diverse sources. However, creatin

Interdisciplinary Workshop on Mechanical Intelligence: Summary Report

arXiv:2604.16381v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This report provides a summary of the outcomes of the Interdisciplinary Workshop on Mechanical Intelligence held in 2024. Mechanical Intelligence (MI) r

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Locomotion of an Elastic Snake Robot via Natural Dynamics

arXiv:2604.17895v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Nature suggests that exploiting the elasticities and natural dynamics of robotic systems could increase their locomotion efficiency. Prior work on elast

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Logical Computational Linguistics

arXiv:2604.17346v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this book we promote logical computational linguistics as opposed to statistical computational linguistics. In particular, we provide a logical seman

Measuring the Gap Between Media Coverage and Public Information Demand: Evidence from the 2026 Lebanon Conflict

arXiv:2604.16417v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study examines the relationship between media coverage and public information demand during the Lebanon conflict in March 2026. Using a dataset o

Model Releases

MedProbeBench: Systematic Benchmarking at Deep Evidence Integration for Expert-level Medical Guideline

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2604.18418v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in deep research systems enable large language models to retrieve, synthesize, and reason over large-scale external knowledge. In medici

Model Releases

MTSQL-R1: Towards Long-Horizon Multi-Turn Text-to-SQL via Agentic Training

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2510.12831v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-turn Text-to-SQL aims to translate a user's conversational utterances into executable SQL while preserving dialogue coherence and grounding to

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Missing Modality: A Knowledge-Transfer Approach

arXiv:2401.10747v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal sentiment analysis aims to identify the emotions expressed by individuals through visual, language, and acoustic cues. However, mos

Position: Multimodal Large Language Models Can Significantly Advance Scientific Reasoning

arXiv:2502.02871v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Scientific reasoning, the process through which humans apply logic, evidence, and critical thinking to explore and interpret scientific phenomena, i

Reference-state System Reliability method for scalable uncertainty quantification of coherent systems

arXiv:2604.17066v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Coherent systems are representative of many practical applications, ranging from infrastructure networks to supply chains. Probabilistic evaluation of s

Model Releases

RoMathExam: A Longitudinal Dataset of Romanian Math Exams (1895-2025) with a Seven-Decade Core (1957-2025)

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2604.16392v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI in Education research increasingly relies on authentic, curriculum-grounded assessment data, yet large, well-structured exam corpora remain scarce

SMILE-UHURA Challenge -- Small Vessel Segmentation at Mesoscopic Scale from Ultra-High Resolution 7T Magnetic Resonance Angiograms

arXiv:2411.09593v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The human brain receives nutrients and oxygen through an intricate network of blood vessels. Pathology affecting small vessels, at the mesosco