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ProtModernBERT: Compute-Efficient Protein Language Modeling

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2610.19738v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large protein language models provide a powerful framework for learning sequence-function relationships and guiding experimental design. However, archit

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ProtoArena: Can AI Agents Discover and Exploit Real-World Cross-Component Protocol Vulnerabilities?

DGX agent

arXiv:2610.17837v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly used for vulnerability analysis, yet existing benchmarks provide limited coverage of exploitation t

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

15 Oct 2026

Provable Transformer Context Compression for In-Context Reinforcement Learning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2610.20004v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformers can perform in-context reinforcement learning without parameter updates. However, existing theoretical constructions often require context

PseudoBench: Measuring How Agentic Auto-Research Fuels Pseudoscience

arXiv:2606.18060v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As Large Language Model based agents enter autonomous scientific research, their ability to resist pseudoscience becomes increasingly important. Oth

PsyMemBehav: Psychology-Informed and Memory-Grounded Two-Level Identity-to-Action Reasoning for Social-Media Behavior Simulation

arXiv:2610.14570v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) support social simulation, but faithfully reproducing real users requires grounding both structured platform decisions and

PXRD-Bench: How Close Are We to Determining Crystal Structures from Powder Diffraction?

arXiv:2610.16480v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Determining crystal structures from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) would enable routine characterization of newly synthesized materials, including thos

Q-MAGIC: Quad-only Mesh Autoregressive Generation via Singularity-Aware Circular Relative Offset Tokenization

arXiv:2610.19777v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autoregressive models have proven effective for triangular mesh generation by transforming it into predicting the next face, converting the non-differen

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Tutorials

QORH: Learning Query-Specific Ordered Rule Hypergraphs for Inductive Knowledge Graph Link Prediction

arXiv:2610.18198v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Knowledge graph link prediction involving unseen entities and relations requires learning transferable reasoning patterns from observed graph structure.

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

QuantEval: A Benchmark for Financial Quantitative Tasks in Large Language Models

arXiv:2601.08689v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in finance-oriented question answering, yet their evaluation on professional quantitativ

Quantifying Annotation Agreement in Object Detection with Optimal Transport

arXiv:2610.19912v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable validation of machine learning models is a crucial step in designing robust and trustworthy systems. Yet validation relies on annotated test se

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Quantifying privacy risks in foundation model representations of brain MRI

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2610.20494v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pretrained representations are increasingly used to share and reuse information from medical images without exposing the original scans, but it is uncle

Applications

Quantifying the Impact of Motion on 2D Gaze Estimation in Real-World Mobile Interactions

arXiv:2502.10570v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mobile gaze tracking on handheld devices commonly relies on appearance-based 2D gaze estimation from the device's front-facing RGB camera. Alt

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Query Your Way Out: Benchmarking Multi-Turn Knowledge Reasoning through Generalized Puzzle Solving

arXiv:2610.16133v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Puzzles offer a natural testbed for Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning because they pose verifiable goals under partial information and require mu

Queue-Aware Token Communications: Bridging AI Representation and Wireless Service

arXiv:2610.16730v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid advancement of foundation models and edge intelligence is transforming wireless networks from data-oriented communication systems into artific

Qwen-MT-Lumen at WMT2026: Instruction-Specialized Translation via Quality-Aware Training and On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2610.19758v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Lumen, The open-source model is available at, our submission to the WMT 2026 General Machine Translation Shared Task. We focus on instruction

Qwenfant: Train Big Character-level BabyLMs on Concise Parallel Text

arXiv:2610.19294v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This work concerns our submission for the Multilingual track of the 2026 BabyLM Challenge. We improve on our baseline using data that has been summarize

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Local Ai

RA^2: Retain-Anchored Attraction Preserves Forget-Adjacent Utility in LLM Unlearning

arXiv:2610.19385v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) unlearning is often evaluated primarily by target suppression and clean retain utility. These metrics can miss a local failur

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Radioactive Feedback: Tracing Models Trained by Label-Only LLM Supervision

arXiv:2610.15685v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conventional distillation transfers capability through teacher-generated demonstrations. LLM-as-a-Judge knowledge distillation offers a distinct and inc

RadixFlow: Filling Execution Bubbles in Prefix-Cached Hybrid LLM Serving

arXiv:2610.18143v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prefix reuse improves LLM inference by sharing the KV cache of common prompt prefixes. This helps only if the scheduler can execute a matched branch in

RAN-JEPA: An Action-Conditioned World Model for Energy-efficient Mobile Network Control

arXiv:2610.17584v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Operational mobile networks are rich in observations but poor in interventions: they continuously generate large volumes of passive telemetry, while con

Randomly Wrong Signals: Bayesian Auction Design with ML Predictions

arXiv:2502.08792v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Machine learning can help sellers predict buyers' willingness to pay, but its predictions may be plausible and yet entirely unrelated to a buy

RAP-WAM: Learning World-Action Models through Predictive Rehearsal and Action Perturbations

arXiv:2610.16443v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent world action models draw on video generation priors to jointly predict future observations and robot actions. Adapting these priors to control re

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

RASSG: Repair-Aware Semantic Survival Gating for Streaming Tool Execution

arXiv:2610.14659v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Streaming speech assistants can launch tools before users finish speaking, overlapping execution with incoming speech to reduce user waiting time. Howev

Rational Transductors

arXiv:2602.07599v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Standard Transformers excel at semantic modeling but struggle with rigid sequential logic and state tracking. Theoretical work establishes that self

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Rationale Distribution Distillation via Flow Matching for Distributional Continuous Latent Reasoning

arXiv:2610.19871v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sampling multiple chain-of-thought rationales from a language model can uncover correct solutions missed by a single attempt. However, these rationales

researcharxiv-cs-cl

RCCM: Diagnosing Gains and Harms in Reasoning-Prompt Transfer

arXiv:2610.19872v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A reasoning prompt can improve one deployment and degrade another. RCCM (Reasoning-Control Capability Mismatch) examines these reversals by pairing answ

Agents

RCR-Router: Efficient Role-Aware Context Routing for Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Structured Memory

arXiv:2508.04903v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly organized into multi-agent systems for complex reasoning and decision-making tasks. However

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

RDCompGS: Rate-Distortion Optimization for Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Image Codecs

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2610.19538v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) enables high-quality, real-time novel view synthesis but requires significant storage and transmission resources. Mapping G

REA: From Correct LLM Judgments to Safe Decision Delivery

arXiv:2610.17473v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative safety guards must classify requests correctly and return outputs that applications can parse. Reasoning guards can improve classification ac

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Read, Parse, Describe: Unified Document Parsing with Visual Element Description Generation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2610.20335v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Document understanding systems are typically evaluated as separate components via layout analysis, optical text recognition, reading-order prediction, a

Read the Room Before Your Model Generates

arXiv:2610.18820v2 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) generally rely on sampling temperature to regulate the amount of randomness in their outputs. Mainstream methods for select

Reading Right, Acting Wrong: Diagnosing Decision Failures of System One Models in Agent Loops

arXiv:2610.18579v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: System One models choose an agent's next action by scoring a supplied set of options in a single pass. This makes them fast and cheap, but when they cho

ReaDy: Recurrent States as Dynamic Context for Speculative Drafting in Hybrid Linear Attention Large Language Models

arXiv:2610.20503v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by drafting multiple tokens per step, yet feature-based drafters rely on target hidden featur

ReAl: Refine neural operators via aligning dynamical flow

arXiv:2610.20369v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural partial differential equation (PDE) surrogates trained with mean squared error (MSE) can capture dominant dynamics but often lose high-frequency

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Reasoning for Propaganda Detection via Label-Guided CoT Optimisation

arXiv:2610.17271v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Propaganda detection systems usually operate as black boxes, lacking explanations. To address this, we hypothesise that persuasive techniques contain de

Agents

Recall What Is Missing: Composing Evidence from Long-Term Agent Memory

arXiv:2610.15642v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Under a limited context budget, a long-term agent must recall not merely memories that are individually relevant, but evidence that is collectively suff

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

RECAP: Calibrating Low-Bit Reasoning Models on the History They Read

arXiv:2610.15259v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Low-bit quantization reduces the cost of serving reasoning models but can substantially degrade long chains of thought. Each step reads cached keys and

Receding-Horizon Next-Best-View Planning for Highly Occluded Target Perception

arXiv:2610.19082v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robotic systems that must acquire information about a specific target often face severe occlusion from sur- rounding structures or from the target itsel

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Reclaiming Low-Quality Instruction Data with Rule-Guided LLM Reconstruction

arXiv:2510.23160v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Data selection for supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often discards low-scoring instruction examples that may retain useful supervision. We propose a rul

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Recognizing Dialogue Ambiguity via Candidate Set Visual Grounding

arXiv:2610.19723v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interpreting an ambiguous utterance in real-world interactions often requires context beyond a single utterance. When the utterance refers to objects in

Recovering Reliable Supervision via Critique-Guided On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2610.20572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student model on its own rollouts with token-level supervision from a teacher, assuming that the teacher can reach

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Agents

ReCreate: Reasoning and Creating Domain Agents Driven by Experience

arXiv:2601.11100v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents are reshaping the industrial landscape. However, most practical agents still rely on human-designed scaffolds, mak

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Recursive Environment Scaling for General Long-Horizon Agents

arXiv:2610.16397v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study environment scaling as a way to increase agent-benchmark difficulty while holding core task objectives fixed. Our framework, Recursive Environm

Recursive Improvement of a Differentiable Scientific Software Ecosystem

arXiv:2610.04561v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Differentiable programming connects scientific computation with gradient-based inference, learning and design. Extending these capabilities across a

Reducing the Gap Between Spatial and Space-Filling Curve Neighbors in 3D Point Cloud Segmentation

arXiv:2610.19530v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As a lightweight and highly accurate method for nearest-neighbor search in 3D point clouds, approaches based on space-filling curves (SFC) have been pro

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Reels-RSI: Program-Level Self-Improvement for Code-Rendered Explainer Videos

arXiv:2610.14495v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Explainer videos -- a worked geometry problem, why the sky is blue, how a dynasty fell -- are usually one more target for pixel video generation. We arg

Tutorials

ReferFlow: Beyond Final-Target Localization for Complex Referring Expressions

arXiv:2610.20352v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models have made significant progress in referring expression comprehension (REC), yet most REC benchmarks still focus on fina

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

Refine Actions If Needed: Adaptive Action Chunk Refinement for Robot Manipulation

arXiv:2610.19765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computationally lightweight manipulation policies predict executable actions with low inference latency, but prediction errors can limit task success. I

safetyarxiv-cs-ro