Search: “research”

On the Limits of Model Merging for Multilinguality in Pre-Training

arXiv:2605.25846v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Endowing models with consistent multilingual performance can be achieved by mixing pre-training data, or post-training approaches such as language-speci

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One-shot Conditional Sampling: MMD meets Nearest Neighbors

DGX agent

arXiv:2509.25507v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How can we generate samples from a conditional distribution that we never fully observe? This question arises across a broad range of applicat

researcharxiv-cs-lg

26 May 2026

Opportunistic Target Selection: Early Directional Commitment for Query-Efficient Black-Box Adversarial Attacks

arXiv:2605.25663v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Black-box adversarial attacks that minimize only the ground-truth confidence suffer from class drift: perturbations wander through the feature space wit

Optimal Non-Asymptotic Edgeworth Expansions for Multivariate Neural Network Outputs

arXiv:2605.24072v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Finite-width fully connected neural networks with Gaussian-initialized weights deviate from their infinite-width Gaussian limit, exhibiting non-vanish

Optimal uncertainty bounds for multivariate kernel regression under bounded noise: A Gaussian process-based dual function

arXiv:2603.16481v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Non-conservative uncertainty bounds are essential for making reliable predictions about latent functions from noisy data, and thus, a key enabler fo

P1SCO: Social Dimensions from a Perspectivist Lens

arXiv:2605.25312v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce P1SCO, a dataset of social media comments collected from three distinct platforms, annotated according to ten social dimensions to capture

PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting

arXiv:2605.25678v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the problem of multiclass PAC learning with bandit feedback in the realizable setting. In this framework, there is an unknown data distributi

PACT: Proactive Asking for Continual Task Assistance in Human-Robot Collaboration

arXiv:2605.24350v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robotic assistants in long-term human-robot collaboration need to assist users under partial observations while leveraging cross-day interaction history

PairFlow: Closed-Form Source-Target Coupling for Few-Step Generation in Discrete Flow Models

arXiv:2512.20063v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce exttt{PairFlow}, a lightweight preprocessing step for training Discrete Flow Models (DFMs) to achieve few-step sampling without requiri

PASA: A Principled Embedding-Space Watermarking Approach for LLM-Generated Text under Semantic-Invariant Attacks

arXiv:2605.10977v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) is a promising approach for detecting LLM-generated text and enabling responsible deployment. Ho

PathMem: Toward Cognition-Aligned Memory Transformation for Pathology MLLMs

arXiv:2603.09943v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Computational pathology demands both visual pattern recognition and dynamic integration of structured domain knowledge, including taxonomy, grading

Phase-Aware Wavelet-Based-Scattering Encoder-Decoder for Dense Predictions

arXiv:2605.24621v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scattering transforms achieve Lipschitz stability and translation invariance, but dense prediction tasks require preserving spatial structure lost in

{Phi}-Noise: Training-Free Temporal Video Conditioning via Phase-Based Noise Manipulation

arXiv:2605.24509v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Latent video diffusion models generate videos by progressively transforming Gaussian noise into realistic samples conditioned on text or visual inputs

Phonetic Modeling of Dialectal Variation in Vietnamese Speech

arXiv:2605.24451v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vietnamese exhibits substantial dialectal phonetic variation across Northern, Central, and Southern regions, where identical lexical items may be realiz

PhySense: Sensor Placement Optimization for Accurate Physics Sensing

arXiv:2505.18190v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Physics sensing plays a central role in many scientific and engineering domains, which inherently involves two coupled tasks: reconstructing d

Physics-Guided Concentration Inference from Resistance Transients in a Mixed-Phase SnO-SnO_2 Carbon Monoxide Sensor with p-n Switching

arXiv:2605.23971v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work presents a physics-guided machine-learning framework for carbon monoxide concentration inference from experimentally measured resistance tra

Pixelwise Uncertainty Quantification of Accelerated MRI Reconstruction

arXiv:2601.13236v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Parallel imaging techniques reduce magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan time but image quality degrades as the acceleration factor increases.

Poisoning the Watchtower: Prompt Injection Attacks Against LLM-Augmented Security Operations Through Adversarial Log Content

arXiv:2605.24421v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as analyst assistants in security operations centers (SOCs), where they ingest log and alert data t

Polymander II: an amphibious salamander-inspired robot with contact and flow sensors

arXiv:2605.24465v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robots benefit from sensory information to coordinate body movement, gain robustness against perturbations, and transit between different modes to adapt

PoseRefer: Pathway-Local Parameters for Semantically Grounded Reference Resolution

arXiv:2605.24622v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A robot resolving ``put the cup on that one'' must fuse gesture, language, and scene geometry, yet 3D grounding benchmarks only partially capture this r

Posture Clip: Sit properly or I wont let you work

arXiv:2605.25664v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Poor posture is a significant concern due to its detrimental effects on health and productivity. This paper presents a collar-clipped device called Po

PowerFlow: Unlocking the Dual Nature of LLMs via Principled Distribution Matching

arXiv:2603.18363v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning from Internal Feedback (RLIF) has emerged as a promising paradigm for eliciting the latent capabilities of

PowLU: An Activation Function for Stable Pre-Training of LLMs

arXiv:2605.25704v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In contemporary large language models (LLMs), the swish-gated linear unit (SwiGLU) activation function is widely adopted to regulate the information flo

Predicting Stock Price Direction on Earnings Announcement Days using Multi-modal Deep Learning

arXiv:2605.25894v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Predicting stock price movements during Earnings Announcements (EAs) is a significant challenge due to market noise and high-impact price discontinuitie

Prism: Spectral-Aware Block-Sparse Attention

arXiv:2602.08426v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Block-sparse attention is promising for accelerating long-context LLM pre-filling, yet identifying relevant blocks efficiently remains a bottl

Proactive for Uncertainty: Cause-Aware Error Diagnosis and Interactive Clarification for Spoken Dialogue Systems

arXiv:2605.25404v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cascaded Automatic Speech Recognition -- Large Language Model (ASR-LLM) pipelines remain popular for industrial Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS), primarily

Probability Distributions Computed by Autoregressive Transformers

arXiv:2510.27118v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Most expressivity results for transformers treat them as language recognizers -- devices that accept or reject strings -- rather than as they are us

Probing the Preferences of a Language Model: Integrating Verbal and Behavioral Tests of AI Welfare

arXiv:2509.07961v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We develop new experimental paradigms for measuring welfare in language models. We compare verbal reports of models about their preferences with pre

PromptAudit: Auditing Prompt Sensitivity in LLM-Based Vulnerability Detection

arXiv:2605.24171v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used for vulnerability detection, yet their reliability under different prompt formulations remains uncharacter

Psychometric Item Validation Using Virtual Respondents with Trait-Response Mediators

arXiv:2507.05890v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As psychometric surveys are increasingly used to assess the traits of large language models (LLMs), the need for scalable survey item generati

Quantifying Empirical Compute-Supervision Tradeoffs in RLVR

arXiv:2605.25252v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard paradigm for post-training language models, but in practice, verifiers are

RAMBA: 4D Radar Mapping by Bundle Adjustment

arXiv:2605.25041v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 4D radar is increasingly attractive for robotic mapping because it provides range, azimuth, elevation, and Doppler measurements while remaining robust i

Random Neural Network Expressivity for Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations

arXiv:2605.25057v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural networks with randomly generated hidden weights (RaNNs) have been extensively studied, both as a standalone learning method and as an initializ

Rapid mixing in positively weighted restricted Boltzmann machines

arXiv:2604.00963v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We show polylogarithmic mixing time bounds for the alternating-scan sampler for positively weighted restricted Boltzmann machines. This is don

Re-examining Granger Causality with Causal Bayesian Networks and Reichenbachs Principles

arXiv:2501.02672v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Characterising cause-effect relationships in complex systems is fundamental to understanding their underlying mechanisms. Granger causality (G

ReactEmbed: A Plug-and-Play Module for Unifying Protein-Molecule Representations Guided by Biochemical Reaction Networks

arXiv:2501.18278v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: State-of-the-art models represent proteins and molecules in separate embedding manifolds, limiting the modeling of systemic biological processes. We

Reading the Finetuning Prior: Verbatim Content Recovery via Contrastive Decoding Diffing

arXiv:2605.25902v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Narrowly finetuned language models memorize implanted content verbatim, but auditing what a deployed model has been taught, without access to its weight

Reinforcement Learning for Reachability: Guaranteeing Asymptotic Optimality

arXiv:2605.24740v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) for reachability specifications is fundamental in sequential decision-making, yet theoretical guarantees remain less explore

Rejoinder: The ICML 2023 Ranking Experiment: Examining Author Self-Assessment in ML/AI Peer Review

arXiv:2605.25172v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This article is the rejoinder to ``The ICML 2023 Ranking Experiment: Examining Author Self-Assessment in ML/AI Peer Review,'' to appear in the Journal

Relative Repairability: A Calibration-Based Diagnostic for High-Sparsity Post-Pruning Allocation

arXiv:2605.25508v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: At very high sparsity, neural network pruning does more than decide which weights remain. It also determines where pruning induced damage is placed acro

Relative Translation Invariant Wasserstein Distance

arXiv:2409.02416v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Motivated by the Bures distance, we introduce a new family of distances, relative translation invariant Wasserstein distances, denoted by RW_p, as a

Remote sensing data imputation using deep learning for multispectral imagery

arXiv:2605.24003v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Remote sensing techniques have been increasingly utilised in aquatic applications in recent years. A common challenge in using optical satellite data

Repeated Sequences Reveal Gaps between Large Language Models and Natural Language

arXiv:2605.24850v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating whether large language models (LLMs) capture the structure of natural language beyond local fluency remains an open challenge. Existing evalu

Representation-Guided Discrete Molecular Graph Retrosynthesis

arXiv:2605.24428v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Stochastic process-based molecular graph generators have become the state of the art for template-free single-step retrosynthesis. However, these models

Rethinking Federated Unlearning via the Lens of Memorization

arXiv:2605.24545v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated learning (FL) increasingly needs machine unlearning to comply with privacy regulations. However, existing federated unlearning approaches ma

Retrieved In-Context Principles from Previous Mistakes

arXiv:2407.05682v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In-context learning (ICL) has been instrumental in adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks using correct input-output examples. Re

Revisiting Pre-Propagation GNNs: Robust Diffusion Operators and Hidden-State Re-Propagation

arXiv:2605.25111v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pre-propagation graph neural networks (PPGNNs) decouple node feature propagation from transformation: graph diffusion is performed once as preprocessing

Riemannian Archetypal Analysis: Interpretable non-linear data analysis on deformed star distributions

arXiv:2605.24113v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Classical archetypal analysis is appealing for its interpretability, but its linear geometry can limit performance on data with strongly non-linear stru