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SocialRL: Refining LLMs' Social Intelligence through Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning and Reward Design

arXiv:2609.09764v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Social intelligence enables agents to read social context, infer intent, and adapt over sustained dialogue. As language models become autonomous collabo

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

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Solving versus Verifying: Catching Contradictions in Tax Reasoning Systems

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.05928v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models now compute correct tax liabilities on over 90% of well-formed cases in statutory benchmarks, which makes them candidates for th

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

10 Sept 2026

Sparks of In Silico Cognitive Science: Theories from Simulated Data Can Generalize to Humans

arXiv:2609.08003v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Behavioral foundation models have been proposed as stand-ins for human participants across settings, but it is unclear whether theories discovered on th

Spectral origin of the topological gap exponent d + {eta}: mechanism, kernel, decomposition, and scope

arXiv:2609.09159v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The topological gap Delta -- the excess H_1 total persistence of a critical point cloud over a density-matched null -- scales as Delta sim L^{d+eta}. We

Spillover-Aware Multi-Value Steering for Pluralistic LLM Alignment

arXiv:2609.05800v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Activation steering controls LLM behavior at inference time by adding learned directions to hidden states, but existing methods handle one concept at a

Spot-the-shift: Evaluating Grounded Image Difference Captioning of Long-term Changes

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.10356v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term change understanding from images of the same place revisited over time is a challenging task with applications in map maintenance and urban in

Applications

SQLMorph: Query Mutation and Fine-Grained Metrics for Text-to-SQL Evaluation

arXiv:2609.08950v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text-to-SQL systems translate natural language queries into executable SQL, democratizing access to structured data. Despite recent advances driven by

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

SRD-GUARD: A Defense Framework of LLMs via Semantic Rewriting and Joint Multi-Model Scoring for Latent Intent Exposure

arXiv:2609.06540v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, yet jailbreak attacks can conceal harmful intent through role-

SRPO: Setwise Relative Policy Optimization for Multi-Agent LLMs

arXiv:2609.08452v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent large language models solve complex tasks by coordinating several policies in a shared environment. However, existing reinforcement learning

SSP-DMGTimeNet: Physics-Constrained Learning for Spatiotemporal Trajectory Prediction of Vehicle Platoons

arXiv:2609.06961v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing car-following prediction methods mainly optimize trajectory accuracy, while rarely considering whether predicted disturbances propagate realist

Stable Answers, Unfinished Reasoning: Why Self-Consensus Is Not a Safe Early-Exit Signal

arXiv:2609.09989v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A natural way to cut reasoning-model inference cost is to repeatedly probe a single partial trajectory for its current answer and stop once probes agree

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Staying on the Attack Path: Structured State for Long-Horizon Automated Penetration Testing

arXiv:2609.07344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) based agents are increasingly applied to cybersecurity tasks such as vulnerability discovery and automated penetration test

Local Ai

Steering Diffusion Priors with Sparse Observations for High-Resolution Temperature Downscaling

arXiv:2609.09247v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Local heatwave hazard depends on fine-scale air temperature, but ground stations are sparse and reanalysis products such as ERA5 cannot resolve the te

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

StochBench: A Domain-Specific Benchmark for Stochastic Processes in Lean

arXiv:2609.09264v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Leading benchmarks for formal theorem proving with large language models are small collections drawn from competition math, such as the IMO and Putnam,

Storage-Scalable Progressive Semantic Communication via Knowledge-Base Reuse

arXiv:2609.10112v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing knowledge-base-assisted semantic communication schemes commonly adopt either single knowledge-base quantization (SKBQ) or multi-knowledge-base

Strangers to Themselves: What Language Models Say About Themselves Is Generic

arXiv:2609.09899v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Language models can fluently describe how they would behave: whether they would cave to pushback, misuse a tool, or lie under pressure. Is that descri

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

StreamAlign: Streaming Text-Aligned Speech Tokenization

arXiv:2609.09719v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-aligned speech tokenization methods have emerged to better align speech tokens with LLM token spaces, enabling more effective utilization of pretra

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

StreetDiff: Multi-view Street Scenes Generation via Cross-view Consistent Multi-view Stable Diffusion with Structure Prompts

arXiv:2609.09890v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-view diffusion models have shown strong performance in scenes with strong geometric priors and sparse semantics, such as indoor rooms or simple ou

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Structural Fusion of Bayesian Networks with Limited Treewidth Using Genetic Algorithms

arXiv:2609.10276v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper introduces an evolutionary computation approach for consensus in structural Bayesian Network (BN) fusion under the constraint of limited tr

Structure-Aware Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Spacecraft Telemetry with Adaptive EVT Thresholding

arXiv:2609.10017v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Operational anomaly detection in spacecraft telemetry typically requires labeled historical anomalies or extended warm-up periods. These requirements ar

Style Over Substance: Content-Invariant Wrappers Flip LLM Safety-Judge Verdicts

arXiv:2609.08236v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic safety judges -- systems such as Llama Guard or a GPT-4o grading prompt that decide whether a model's reply is harmful -- produce the numbers

Subagents vs Agent Skills: Executing Reusable Knowledge for Long-Horizon Agentic Tasks

arXiv:2609.09233v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: How can language model agents effectively leverage libraries of reusable knowledge to solve long-horizon tasks? Recent work has increasingly focused o

Substrate-Portable Execution for Production LLM Workflows

arXiv:2609.06128v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Production LLM agents execute tool-calling loops, retrieval chains, and compositional workflows in multiple modes, yet execution semantics are often cou

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Support Discovery With Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares for Fixed-Charge Network Flow

arXiv:2609.09295v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The fixed-charge network flow problem (FCNFP) couples continuous flow allocation with discrete arc-activation decisions, making it a canonical but com

SWE-Bench Pro Verified: A Reliable Benchmark for Software Engineering Agents

arXiv:2609.08149v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: SWE-Bench Pro has emerged as a standard benchmark for evaluating software engineering agents on challenging repository-level tasks. However, our analysi

SWE-Test: Benchmarking LLM Vulnerability Discovery via Input Prediction

arXiv:2609.06229v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vulnerability discovery is becoming an important ability of large language model (LLM) agents: agents that silently miss real defects leave critical s

SwingBot: Learning Whole-Body Brachiation for Humanoid Robots

arXiv:2609.10283v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Brachiation enables primates to move across overhead supports when ground paths are blocked, suggesting a complementary locomotion mode for robots opera

researcharxiv-cs-ro

SWORD: Wikidata-based Distortions Reveal Hidden Cross-Lingual Inconsistencies in LLM Factual Error Rejection

arXiv:2609.09349v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern LLMs demonstrate impressive multilingual performance, yet standard benchmarks primarily reward selecting correct answers rather than evaluating g

Symbolic Informalization: Fluent, Productive, Multilingual

arXiv:2606.16893v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Symbolic informalization enables a reliable conversion of formal mathematics to natural language. It has the potential to make machine-checked conte

SymbolicLight V2: Hybrid Neuromorphic Architecture and Sparse Execution for Low-Energy Language Inference

arXiv:2609.09772v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: SymbolicLight V2 combines sparse event computation with continuous-state processing in a hybrid neuromorphic language architecture. Extending V1's spike

Applications

Synergistic Vision-Language Reinforcement Enables Scalable On-Demand Analysis across Diverse Clinical Tasks

arXiv:2505.03380v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate delineation of tumors and surrounding organs-at-risk is essential for radiotherapy, surgery and treatment response assessment, yet remains

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

SynThermFace: Amplifying Limited Paired Data for Visible-Thermal Face Recognition via Synthetic Data Generation

arXiv:2609.10303v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Face recognition (FR) is a widely used modality for biometric authentication, but conventional models rely on visible-spectrum imagery and degrade when

researcharxiv-cs-cv

T-Mem: Memory That Anticipates, Not Archives

arXiv:2606.15405v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-term memory is essential for conversational agents to remain coherent across extended dialogues, follow through on commitments made many

Tactile Memory with Soft Robot: Robust Object Insertion via Masked Encoding and Soft Wrist

arXiv:2601.19275v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Tactile memory, the ability to store and retrieve touch-based experience, is critical for contact-rich tasks such as key insertion under uncer

Take What You Need: Flexible Multi-Task Semantic Communications with Channel Adaptation

arXiv:2502.08221v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The growing demand for efficient semantic communication systems capable of managing diverse tasks and adapting to fluctuating channel conditions has

researcharxiv-cs-cv

TamilEOT: A Dataset and Model for Semantic End-of-Turn Detection in Tamil Telephone Speech

arXiv:2609.05631v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A voice agent has to decide, at every pause, whether the user has finished speaking. Without a model of the language that decision falls back to a fix

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Tutorials

Teacher Geometry Shapes Learnability in Teacher-Student Networks

arXiv:2609.09595v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Teacher-student systems, in which a teacher neural network generates training labels so that a student neural network can learn to implement the same fu

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

TEFM: Token-Efficient Faithful Modeling for Structured Data

arXiv:2609.09552v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we solve two fundamental obstacles in applying LLMs to critical domains: token efficiency and faithfulness. To address both constraints j

Temporal horizons in forecasting: a performance-learnability trade-off

arXiv:2506.03889v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: When training autoregressive models to forecast dynamical systems, a critical question arises: how far into the future should the model be trained t

TempTPI: Informer-Based trajectory prediction for maritime vessels

arXiv:2609.09840v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate long-term trajectory prediction for maritime vessels is essential for safety and logistical efficiency. While deep learning models, particularl

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Tensor Network Moral Graph Recovery of Discrete Probability Distributions

arXiv:2609.09258v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a method for recovering the moral graph of a causal DAG from a probability distribution over discrete variables, using fully connected tens

Tensor-Train Weak SINDy: Identifying High-Dimensional Nonlinear Dynamics

arXiv:2609.09434v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In recent years, weak-form methods have made significant advances in data-driven discovery of dynamical systems. However, in high-dimensional settings,

Test-time Prompt Refinement for Text-to-Image Models

arXiv:2507.22076v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Text-to-image (T2I) generation models have made significant strides but still struggle with prompt sensitivity: even minor changes in prompt wording

The Answer Path and the Grounding Instruction in LLM Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs

arXiv:2609.10237v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A graph retrieval-augmented generation pipeline chooses which triples to put in the prompt, a syntax to write them in, an order to write them in, and a

researcharxiv-cs-cl

The Audit Decides the Verdict: Instrument Effects Rival Demographic Bias in LLM Decision Audits

arXiv:2609.09048v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Whether a language model looks demographically biased can depend on how the audit asks its question. A charitable-aid benchmark reports that the same

The convergent laboratory: when AI reasoning, autonomous experiments, high performance and quantum computing reshape chemistry

arXiv:2609.05643v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This Comment emerges from TPC26 (https://tpc26.org), a conference convening leaders from academia, national laboratories, and industry who are reshaping

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

The Emergence of Social Science of Large Language Models

arXiv:2509.24877v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The social science of large language models (LLMs) examines how these systems evoke mind attributions, interact with one another, and transform huma

The Emerging AI Paper-Review Arms Race: Adversarial Co-Evolution in Scholarly Publishing

arXiv:2609.07713v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative and agentic AI are reshaping both the production and evaluation of scientific research. These developments are often studied separately, as q