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Resilience Beyond Stationary Client Unavailability: Unlocking Efficient and Unbiased Federated Learning

arXiv:2609.04763v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Due to resource constraints or external and internal uncertainties, clients in real-world federated learning systems are often intermittently available

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Research

ResLearn-XR: Residual Learning for Network Traffic and Quality-of-Experience-Aware Modeling in Extended Reality

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.04493v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present ResLearn-XR, a residual learning framework for predicting eXtended Reality (XR) network traffic and estimating Quality-of-Experience (QoE) ri

researcharxiv-cs-ai

7 Sept 2026

Rethinking Indirect Prompt Injection as a Test-Time Search Problem

arXiv:2609.04495v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We formulate indirect prompt injection as a test-time search over a task-dependent attack surface induced by the environment, user task, and injection t

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Retinal OCTA Phenotyping with LLM Reporting for Alzheimer's Disease

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2609.04689v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains challenging because established assessment methods can be costly, resource-intensive, or unsu

Reviewer Capability Governs Rejection Targeting, Not Repair Skill: Evidence from LLM Execute-Review-Revise Pipelines

arXiv:2609.04270v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent LLM pipelines increasingly assign roles, including execution and verification, to models of different capability tiers. This is done becau

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Rhythms of Work: Multi-Scale Interpretation of Human Behavioral Traces for Workplace Agents

arXiv:2609.04556v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Runtime traces are becoming a central substrate for understanding agentic systems, yet interpretation has focused largely on what the agent did. Workpla

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

RISE: Recursive Improvement via Self-Extrapolating Policy Distillation

arXiv:2609.05295v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) provides dense, per-token supervision for language model post-training, but its effectiveness is bottlenecked by teacher qu

Risk-Aware Optimal Control with Rulebooks

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2609.05199v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We consider safety-critical control problems involving multiple requirements with different priorities and uncertainty in their evaluation. We represe

RL-VLA^3: A Flexible and Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for VLA Training

arXiv:2602.05765v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a critical paradigm for post-training Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, enabling embodied agents to ad

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

RoboSPA: Can VLA Models Go Beyond Simple Scenes and Short-Horizon Tasks?

arXiv:2609.05324v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promising progress in language-conditioned robotic manipulation. However, existing datasets and benchma

Safety for Whom? Boundary-Aware Self-Distillation for Controlled LLM Safety Refusal

arXiv:2609.04482v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety alignment is usually posed as a topic-level question: is this subject harmful? Deployments ask a narrower one. A civics tutor and a public-sector

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Same Request, Different Answer: Quantization Amplifies Cache-Induced Divergence in LLM Serving

arXiv:2609.04748v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prefix caching, in which a serving engine reuses the key and value tensors of a shared prompt prefix across requests, is enabled by default in the maj

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Same Trajectory, Contradictory Rewards (ROBORMBENCH): Paraphrase Fragility in Vision Language Reward Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2609.05401v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models are increasingly used as reward functions for robotic learning, but this role requires paraphrase invariance: the same trajecto

Scalable Context Orchestration for Serving LLMs Over Voice

arXiv:2609.04288v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Voice AI applications are gaining popularity as advances in large language models (LLMs) enable more natural and accessible spoken interactions. Servi

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Scalable Detection of Fossil Palynomorphs in Multifocal Digital Microscopy Images

arXiv:2609.05323v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Palynomorphs (microscopic, organic-walled fossils such as pollen, spores, and dinoflagellates) are important high-resolution records of past climates an

Scalable Edge-assisted Fusion and Path Prediction for Connected Autonomous Vehicles

arXiv:2609.04364v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The planning algorithms inside an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) rely on information from on-board sensors whose line of sight is limited by emerging traffic c

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Scalable Neural Video Representation Compression

arXiv:2609.04273v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scalable video coding (SVC) encodes a video into a layered bitstream consisting of a base layer and one or multiple enhancement layers, enabling decod

Scale-QLoRA: Code-Invariant Adapter Merging for Native 4-bit Microscaling LLMs

arXiv:2609.04526v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Merging a LoRA adapter into its base model is standard deployment practice: it removes the runtime adapter's per-forward overhead and leaves a single st

researcharxiv-cs-cl

SCAPES: Semantically Conditioned Autoregressive Prior for Environmental Sounds

arXiv:2609.04634v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As generative audio models grow in complexity, the computational and ecological costs of synthesizing everyday sounds have become increasingly prohibi

SciDocBench: A Workflow-Centered Benchmark and Data Pipeline for Scientific Document Understanding

arXiv:2609.05141v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific papers require models to reason jointly over text, equations, figures, tables, code, and datasets while preserving the provenance of supporti

SeamFlow: Structure-Aware Flow Matching on Edge Probabilities for Artist-Like UV Unwrapping

arXiv:2609.04751v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D surface cutting and UV unwrapping are fundamental problems in computer graphics. Traditional geometric optimization methods mainly focus on reducing

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Segmentation of the aorta in 4D flow MRI using 4D convolutional kernels and learning from sparse annotations

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.04439v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated aortic segmentation in 4D flow MRI is essential for reproducible hemodynamic assessment but is limited by scarce dense annotations and high co

Hardware

Self-Supervised Lexical Representation Learning for Fast, Large-Scale Phylogenetic Inference

arXiv:2609.05262v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computational phylogenetics has become an essential tool in historical linguistics, yet its application at a global scale remains constrained by two fac

hardwarearxiv-cs-cl

Self-Supervised Pretraining of Molecular Graph Encoders with LeJEPA

arXiv:2609.04261v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-supervised pretraining has transformed language and vision, but its value for molecular graph neural networks remains contested. We ask whether p

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Semi-Supervised Hyperspectral Image Classification with Edge-Aware Superpixel Label Propagation and Adaptive Pseudo-Labeling

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2601.18049v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Significant progress has been made in semi-supervised hyperspectral image (HSI) classification regarding feature extraction and classification perfo

Shadow Queries for Private Retrieval in Vector Databases

arXiv:2609.04767v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on information retrieval (IR) systems, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), to incorporate domai

Shallow neural network approximation in mixed Sobolev spaces

arXiv:2609.05263v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the best L_2 approximation of mixed Sobolev spaces by shallow neural networks with n neurons and general activation functions. We first

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Local Ai

Shared circuits predict whether LLMs generalize across formats in arithmetic reasoning

arXiv:2609.04463v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In many forms of reasoning, including arithmetic reasoning, generalizing across superficial changes in input format is effortless for humans: anyone w

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

SharedSAE: One Feature Dictionary Across Language Models

arXiv:2609.04344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are widely used to interpret language model activations, but SAE training and latent labelling are typically repeated for e

researcharxiv-cs-cl

SiLR: Structure-Preserving Admission and Process Reward for LLM Tool Agents

arXiv:2609.04629v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A runtime gate for an LLM tool agent is usually cast as a filter. In a ReAct loop a rejected proposal is followed by another at the same state, so the g

Local Ai

SimFuse3D: Source-Guided Target Simulation and Confidence-Guided Multi-Stage Localization Reweighting for Cross-Platform 3D Object Detection

arXiv:2609.04886v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Changes in sensor height and viewpoint alter object-level point distributions, making cross-platform LiDAR unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) diffic

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Simulation-free Unbalanced Dynamic Optimal Transport with General Growth Penalty

arXiv:2609.04710v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inferring cellular dynamics from unpaired single-cell snapshots requires modeling both state transitions and population growth or death. Unbalanced dy

Single-Query Black-Box Calibration Auditing via Logit Bias

arXiv:2609.05125v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating the calibration of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for their safe deployment as zero-shot classifiers. Yet, commercial API providers

Small Molecule Optimization with Large Language Models

arXiv:2407.18897v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Molecular optimization, the process of designing molecules with desirable properties, represents a critical challenge in drug discovery. Recent adva

Tutorials

SMILE: Bridging Continuous Optimization and Discrete Symbolic Recovery

arXiv:2609.04639v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Symbolic regression (SR) discovers closed-form mathematical expressions from data, offering interpretability beyond black-box models. Existing methods s

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

SMILE: Self-Explainable Multimodal Information Bottleneck for Medical Diagnosis

arXiv:2609.05174v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Explainability is increasingly seen as a crucial requirement in AI-based medical diagnosis, particularly in safety-critical clinical decision-making. Mo

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

SNAP: Speaker Nulling for Artifact Projection in Speech Deepfake Detection

arXiv:2603.20686v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advancements in text-to-speech technologies enable generating high-fidelity synthetic speech nearly indistinguishable from real human v

SocioGesture: Real-Time and Adaptive Social Gesture Perception for Human-Robot Interaction

arXiv:2609.04545v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robots interacting with people must recognize not only explicit commands, but also social cues such as invitations, refusals, and unavailability. In r

SoK: AI-Augmented Binary Reversing

arXiv:2606.17398v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Binary reversing is fundamental to software understanding, vulnerability discovery, malware investigation, and firmware auditing. However, it

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Solution-space heterogeneity shapes federated learning dynamics across partial differential equations

arXiv:2609.05012v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated scientific machine learning enables institutions to train neural surrogates without centralizing local physical data, yet studies of partial d

Applications

Solving Hard XAI Queries Based on a Compiled Dual-Rail Encoding

arXiv:2609.04931v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) within real-world applications has raised a lot of concerns regarding their trustworthiness, esp

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Sound-based Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation

arXiv:2609.04902v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Can we recover the 3D poses of multiple people using only sound? This paper presents the first attempt to estimate multi-person 3D poses solely from a

Spectral-Target Physical Latent Structuring for JEPA-Style World Models

arXiv:2609.04264v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Latent world models have become increasingly popular as a method to predict and plan in latent space rather than pixel space. Recent architectures, such

researcharxiv-cs-lg

SQL-Zero: Self-Evolving Text-to-SQL

arXiv:2609.04697v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training a competitive Text-to-SQL agent usually depends on human-annotated natural-language/SQL pairs, which are expensive, domain-specific, and a bott

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Squint: Fast Visual Reinforcement Learning for Sim-to-Real Robotics

arXiv:2602.21203v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Visual reinforcement learning is appealing for robotics but expensive. Off-policy methods are sample-efficient yet slow while on-policy method

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

STEMPix: A Phase-Transition-Material-Based Pixel Sensor for Resolving Edge-Movement Direction

arXiv:2609.04435v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper proposes a spatio-temporal edge-movement direction pixel (STEMPix) for generating compact direction-aware edge movement information inside

Local Ai

Step Back to Move Forward: Reflection-Aware Preference Optimization for Visual Generation

arXiv:2609.04282v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models have become the mainstream paradigm for modern visual generation and have substantially advanced multimedia content synthesis, especial

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Strict Modes Everywhere - Bringing Order Into Dynamics of Mechanical Systems by a Potential Compatible With the Geodesic Flow

arXiv:2609.04817v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Strict nonlinear normal modes provide very regular families of oscillations within conservative mechanical systems. However, a strict normal mode will g

researcharxiv-cs-ro