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On the Design Fundamentals of Pixel Text Representation Learning

arXiv:2609.01147v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text-rich visual inputs require models that can read, retrieve, and compress language directly in pixel space, yet existing pixel-text encoders strugg

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

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On the Existence of Consistent Adversarial Attacks in High-Dimensional Linear Classification

DGX agent

arXiv:2506.12454v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: What fundamentally distinguishes an adversarial attack from a misclassification due to limited model expressivity or finite data? In this work

researcharxiv-cs-lg

2 Sept 2026

On-the-Fly3R: Towards Robust Online 3D Reconstruction with Feed-Forward 3R Models for Large-Scale UAV Scenarios

arXiv:2609.00923v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While feed-forward 3D reconstruction (3R) offers efficient end-to-end modeling, its application in large-scale UAV mapping is hindered by the prohibitiv

On the Human and Computer Alignment of Attribute-Based Music Matches

arXiv:2609.00987v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in generative AI are raising ethical concerns regarding the originality of generated content and the potential replication of training

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

On the Reliability of Generative Augmentation: A Wasserstein-Based Theoretical and Empirical Study

arXiv:2609.01410v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative data augmentation is widely used to mitigate class imbalance, yet its theoretical effect on downstream generalization remains poorly unders

One-Layer Transformer Provably Learns Multiclass One-Nearest Neighbor in Context

arXiv:2609.01311v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We extend recent work establishing an equivalence between one-layer transformers and nearest-neighbor classifiers in the binary setting to the multiclas

One Policy, Any Budget: Internalizing Budget-Aware Search via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.00813v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While reinforcement learning has enabled LLM-based search agents to invoke external tools, existing methods train under fixed budgets and cannot adapt w

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

One Print, Many Moves: Monolithic Origami-inspired Folding Actuator for Composable Soft Multi-DoF Systems

arXiv:2609.00751v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conventional soft robot actuators excel in compliance, but their uncontrolled deformations compromise accuracy and hinder scaling to multi-degree-of-fre

researcharxiv-cs-ro

One Prompt Is Enough: Watermark Laundering Through Foundation Image Models

arXiv:2609.01249v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Invisible watermarks are typically evaluated against predefined perturbations such as compression, blur, noise, cropping, and denoising. Public founda

One-shot Style Transfer LLM log-probabilities for Authorship Attribution and Verification

arXiv:2510.13302v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Computational stylometry studies writing style through quantitative textual patterns, enabling applications such as authorship attribution, id

Online camera-pose-free stereo endoscopic tissue deformation recovery with tissue-invariant vision-biomechanics consistency

arXiv:2506.19388v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tissue deformation recovery based on stereo endoscopic images is crucial for tool-tissue interaction analysis and benefits surgical navigation and a

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Online Regime-aware Calibration for Black-box Social Simulators via Posterior-assisted Evolutionary Dynamic Optimization

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2601.19481v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Evolutionary dynamic optimization (EDO) commonly assumes that environmental changes can be detected from fitness variations and handled throug

Online Self-Weighted Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2609.00734v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) assigns the same explicit loss weight to every expert demonstration, regardless of the model's changing competence

Online simultaneous inference for quantiles via smoothed stochastic gradient descent

arXiv:2505.13299v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper considers the estimation of quantiles via a smoothed version of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm. By smoothing the s

Ontology-Guided Neuro-Symbolic Inference: Grounding Language Models with Mathematical Domain Knowledge

arXiv:2602.17826v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Language models exhibit fundamental limitations -- hallucination, brittleness, and lack of formal grounding -- that are particularly problematic in

OpenAgentFlow: Enabling System-Wide Safety Boundaries for Heterogeneous AI Agent Fleets

arXiv:2609.00015v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents powered by large language models are evolving from isolated assistants into heterogeneous systems in which multiple agents, planners, controll

Operational Regimes in Non-Convex Optimization: A Multiplier-Based Taxonomy

arXiv:2609.00471v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper introduces a structural taxonomy for constrained non-convex optimization based on the signature of Lagrange multipliers at KKT stationary p

Optimizing Byzantine Node Placement in Decentralized Federated Learning

arXiv:2609.01495v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Security evaluations of decentralized federated learning (DFL) typically focus on how Byzantine participants behave, while largely overlooking which p

OUTLETS: Output-Length Prediction from Speculative Decoding Backbones

arXiv:2609.01068v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The heavy-tailed distribution of output lengths in Large Language Model (LLM) serving poses major challenges for resource provisioning and cluster sched

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Ov3R: Open-Vocabulary Semantic 3D Reconstruction from RGB Videos

arXiv:2507.22052v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present Ov3R, a novel framework for open-vocabulary semantic 3D reconstruction from RGB video streams, designed to advance Spatial AI. The system

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Overfitting Mitigation via Singular Value Decomposition in Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding

arXiv:2609.01135v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding enables high-quality text generation by selecting the hypothesis that maximizes a utility metric over sampled pseudo-r

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Local Ai

P-PatchDiff: Progressive Patch Diffusion Models for Low-light Image Enhancement

arXiv:2609.01123v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advancements in low-light image enhancement have leveraged diffusion models for their strong ability to generate perceptually realistic, detailed

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Panda Diplomacy: Foundation Model Pre-training across Particle Imaging Detectors for High Energy and Nuclear Physics

arXiv:2609.00611v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Foundation models are increasingly being pursued in particle and nuclear physics, but existing approaches remain strongly tied to individual experimen

Parallel Reference-Centric Continuous-Time Relative Localization with Augmented Clamped Non-Uniform B-Splines

arXiv:2602.22006v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate relative localization is critical for multi-robot cooperation. In robot groups, measurements from different robots arrive asynchronously an

researcharxiv-cs-ro

ParaStudent: Closing the Sim2Real Gap in User Simulators for AI Tutor Evaluation

arXiv:2507.12674v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Evaluating Artificial Intelligence (AI) tutor feedback before deployment requires anticipating student engagement, typically assessed through

Parsing the Stream: A Live Trace Model for Long-Horizon Agents and Their Observers

arXiv:2609.01466v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A long-horizon agent's trace outgrows both of its consumers: the human observer monitoring the run, and the agent itself, whose bounded context the trac

Patterning in Practice: Debiasing Reward Models with Susceptibilities

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.00699v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reward models trained on human preferences are known to suffer from length, formatting, and other stylistic biases. In this paper we use patterning, whi

PCoMoE: Shifting MoE Inference from Monolithic Expert Selection to Fine-Grained Path Composition

arXiv:2609.01024v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale Large Language Model (LLM) capacity efficiently by activating a sparse subset of experts per token. However

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Peg-in-Bench: A Modular Benchmark for High-Precision Robotic Insertion

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2609.00906v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-precision insertion remains a fundamental challenge in robotic manipulation due to the strict alignment requirements and contact-rich interactions

Performance-Efficiency Tradeoffs in Transformers: An Approximation Theory Perspective

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2510.03784v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Transformers have achieved remarkable successes across a wide range of applications, yet the theoretical foundation of their model efficiency remain

PersianAnonymizer: Evaluating LLM-Labeled Training for Efficient NER-based Anonymization in Persian

arXiv:2609.00958v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We target practical anonymization of Persian customer chats by training a compact NER model from LLM-labeled supervision and selecting the best labeler

Persistent Entropy as a Detector of Phase Transitions

arXiv:2602.09058v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Persistent entropy is a scalar summary of persistence barcodes widely used to detect regime changes, yet there is no account of when a structu

PersuaRL: Reinforcement Learning-Driven Multi-Expert Selection for Persuasive Dialogue Generation in Insurance

arXiv:2609.01188v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing digital communication by powering conversational agents deployed across domains such as customer servic

Local Ai

Phrase-Localized Language-Contrastive Guidance: Training-Free Localized Accent Control for Code-Switching Text-to-Speech

arXiv:2609.01016v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current speech synthesis struggles with code-switching, which mixes a foreign language phrase into a primary language utterance, causing the phrase to b

local-aiarxiv-cs-cl

Physically Plausible Video Generation via Visual-Semantic Chain-of-Events Conditioning

arXiv:2609.00656v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physically Plausible Video Generation (PPVG) seeks to synthesize videos consistent with physical principles, yet remains challenging due to underspecifi

Physiological Information Reliability: Cross-Layer Adaptive Resource Allocation for Cardiovascular Sensing

arXiv:2609.00435v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cardiovascular sensing systems must preserve clinically useful information despite signal degradation, wireless losses, energy constraints, and edge-c

Pix2Rep-v2: Data-Efficient Representation Learning for Dense Medical Imaging Applications

arXiv:2609.01427v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dense self-supervised learning (SSL) is a powerful paradigm for learning without annotations the local descriptors required to solve dense medical imagi

Tutorials

Poisson-Gamma Dynamical Systems with Time-varying Transition Dynamics

arXiv:2609.00896v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bayesian methodologies for handling count-valued time series have gained prominence due to their ability to infer interpretable latent structures and to

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Polarizable atomic multipoles for learning long-range electrostatics

arXiv:2605.05746v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-range electrostatics and polarization remain central obstacles to extending machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) to ionic, pol

Polish ModernBERT: The Long and Short of Polish Language Understanding

arXiv:2609.01379v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Encoder-only Transformers remain effective for discriminative and representation-learning tasks, yet Polish encoders still largely rely on BERT/RoBERTa-

Agents

Polished but Unresolved: Identifying Late-Stage Pressure States in Long-Horizon Tool-Use Agents

arXiv:2609.00823v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon tool-use agents need not only to search and plan, but also to decide when to finalize. We study late-stage pressure states, in which an age

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

PopPert: Population-level Joint-Distribution Modeling for Single-Cell Perturbation Prediction

arXiv:2609.01357v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicting transcriptional responses to specific perturbations is critical for understanding cellular regulatory mechanisms and accelerating drug disc

Position Matters: Feature Inversion Attacks in ViT Split Inference with Token Reduction and Shuffling

arXiv:2609.01232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision Transformers (ViTs) are increasingly used in split-inference systems, where edge devices transmit intermediate token representations to a remot

Position: Privacy Is a Claim, Not a Property of Synthetic Data

arXiv:2609.01273v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Synthetic data has become a common component of machine learning research. While widely adopted, its use in privacy-sensitive contexts has quietly shift

Post-hoc Alignment of LLM-judges to Human Judgment Distribution

arXiv:2609.01073v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The LLM-as-a-judge (LLMaJ) framework offers a cost-effective and reproducible solution for automatic evaluation. However, current evaluation practices t

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Post-Training Science for Supervised Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2609.01244v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Every supervised fine-tuning run forces the same chain of decisions, such as learning rate, batch size, LoRA or full fine-tuning, how many epochs, whi

Potential-Guided Particle Steering for Negation-Constrained Dexterous Grasping

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2609.00555v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Language-driven dexterous grasp models, such as DextER, perform well when instructions specify where to grasp, but we find they fail systematically wh

Tutorials

Pre-carved Niches: The Formation Dynamics of Modular Task Partitions in Early LLM Training

arXiv:2609.01170v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models exhibit a modular internal organization that mirrors well-studied functional networks of the human brain, but how this organizatio

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg