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arXiv:2509.16136v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Designing effective reward functions remains a major challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), often requiring considerable human expertise and iter

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

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Safety

Reward Shaping for (Inference-Time) Alignment: A Stackelberg Game Perspective

DGX agent

arXiv:2602.02572v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Existing alignment methods directly use the reward model learned from user preference data to optimize an LLM policy, subject to KL regulariza

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

9 Jun 2026

Rewrite to Translate, Translate to Reward: Reinforcement Learning for Source Rewriting in Machine Translation

arXiv:2606.08011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Although directly prompting off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate meaning-preserving source rewrites can effectively enhance Machine

Tutorials

RGB-S: Image-Aligned Tactile Saliency for Robust Dexterous Manipulation

arXiv:2606.08765v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Effective visuo-tactile integration is critical for robotic dexterous manipulation, especially when visual observations are unreliable or occluded. Ho

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

RiskNet: A large-scale dataset of AI risk incidents from news with alignment and multi-dimensional annotations

arXiv:2606.08376v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed across socially consequential domains, reports of AI-related harms and failures have

RLVE: Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning for Language Models with Adaptive Verifiable Environments

arXiv:2511.07317v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Adaptive Verifiable Environments (RLVE), an approach using verifiable environments that procedur

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Robot-DIFT: Correspondence-Sensitive Diffusion Features for Contact-Rich Robot Manipulation

arXiv:2602.11934v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Robot manipulation often fails in the final millimeters: a policy may recognize the right object yet miss the pose offsets, boundaries, or pre-conta

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Robust In-Context Reinforcement Learning Under Reward Poisoning Attacks

arXiv:2506.06891v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study the corruption-robustness of in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL), focusing on the Decision-Pretrained Transformer (DPT, Lee et al., 20

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Robust Random Graph Matching in Dense Graphs via an Approximate Message Passing Type Algorithm

arXiv:2412.16457v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the matching recovery problem between a pair of correlated Gaussian Wigner matrices with a latent vertex correspond

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Robust Renal Mass Segmentation on CT: A Validation Study of an AI-Based Framework

arXiv:2505.07573v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Renal mass segmentation has important potential to enhance the clinical workflow, especially in settings requiring quantitative assessments. K

Robust-U1: Can MLLMs Self-Recover Corrupted Visual Content for Robust Understanding?

arXiv:2606.08063v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in visual understanding, yet their performance degrades significantly un

Rosetta Memory: Adaptive Memory for Cross-LLM Agents

arXiv:2606.07711v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Memory is the key component for transforming a stateless LLM into a persistent, evolving agent through experience accumulation, long-horizon planning,

Applications

Routine laboratory trajectories encode the onset of organ-level complications in cancer

arXiv:2606.08538v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Routine laboratory panels drawn during cancer treatment constitute longitudinal physiological recordings of organ function, yet their temporal structure

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

RPO-PDT: Demonstrating Role-Play-Based Knowledge Adaptation for Student Support Dialogue (Demonstration System)

arXiv:2606.09255v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present RPO-PDT: a retrieval-grounded, role-play-based dialogue system for adaptive student support in higher education. RPO-PDT is: (1) able to prov

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Applications

RT-SDGOD: Real-Time Single-Domain Generalized Object Detection

arXiv:2606.09367v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In real-world deployment under strict real-time constraints, weather and imaging variations induce significant distribution shifts, severely degrading d

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

RTL-BenchLS: A Large-Scale Benchmark for RTL Reasoning and Generation with Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.08976v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based RTL generation and reasoning is a promising direction for hardware design automation. High-quality benchmarks are critical infrastructure for

Applications

Rule-based autocorrection of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) on graphs

arXiv:2502.18493v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is a central reference document in chemical process engineering. Currently, chemical engineers man

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

RunAgent SuperBrowser: A Theory of Autonomous Web Navigation Grounded in Human Browsing Behaviour

arXiv:2606.09399v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present SUPERBROWSER, an autonomous web-navigation agent designed against a single guiding hypothesis: a web agent should browse the way a person bro

SAD-Flower: Flow Matching for Safe, Admissible, and Dynamically Consistent Planning

arXiv:2511.05355v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Flow matching (FM) has shown promising results in data-driven planning. However, it inherently lacks formal guarantees for ensuring state and action

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

SAEExplainer: Interpreting SAE Features with Activation-Guided Preference Optimization

arXiv:2606.08496v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Although Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have mitigated the opacity of large language models (LLMs) by decomposing dense representations into sparse featur

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Safe, Fluent and Acceptable Motion Generation and Execution for Human--Robot Interaction in Manufacturing Environments

arXiv:2606.08741v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robots operating in human environments must not only ensure physical safety but also exhibit behaviors that are understandable, fluent, and acceptable t

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Local Ai

Safe Polytope-in-Polytope Motion Planning and Control with Control Barrier Functions

arXiv:2606.09719v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous mobile robots operating in tight environments require motion planning frameworks that account for the physical footprint of the robot. Simpli

local-aiarxiv-cs-ro

Safe-RULE: Safe Reinforcement UnLEarning

arXiv:2606.09559v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Offline safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) enables policy learning without online interactions, making it suitable for safety-critical systems such

SafeECGMatch: Calibration-Aware Joint Frequency and Time Space Semi-Supervised Learning for Open-Set ECG Classification

arXiv:2606.08037v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) classification models often suffer from severe label scarcity, making semi-supervised learning (SSL) an attractive strategy fo

SafeRun: Enabling Determinism in LLM Planning for Running

arXiv:2606.09027v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models enable flexible natural-language planning but remain unreliable in determinism-critical domains due to their probabilistic natur

Safety is Contextual, LLM-Judges Are Not: Navigating the Rigid Priors of Evaluators

arXiv:2606.07874v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLMs-as-judges are the only way to evaluate safety at scale. Despite their importance, LLM-judges themselves are rarely evaluated beyond human agreement

Agents

SAGE: An LLM-driven Self Reflective Agentic Framework for Fraud Detection

arXiv:2606.08146v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fraud detection in payment, e-commerce, and telecommunications systems requires accuracy at the individual level, robustness under severe class imbalanc

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

SAGE: Shape-Adapting Gated Experts for Adaptive Histopathology Image Segmentation

arXiv:2511.18493v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The significant variability in cell size and shape continues to pose a major obstacle in computer-assisted cancer detection on gigapixel Whole

Local Ai

SAILS: Surrogate-based Analysis of Interactions via Local Effect Smooths

arXiv:2606.09404v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Feature interactions drive much of the predictive power of machine learning models, yet existing explanation methods only detect and quantify interact

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Tutorials

Sample-Efficient LLM-Based Detection of Malicious Web Server Logs with Forensically Explainable Reasoning

arXiv:2606.08649v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Forensic analysis of web server logs demands both accurate detection and human-readable explanations that can satisfy legal requirements. We present C

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Sample-Efficient Post-Training for LEGO Spatial-Physics Reasoning

arXiv:2606.07602v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-based LEGO assembly generation requires both semantic grounding and physical feasibility. We identify a data-induced failure mode, PhysHack, in wh

SAW: Stage-Aware Dynamic Weighting for Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning in Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.07705v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Although multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is central to aligning large language models with complex human preferences, the prevailing pra

SC3: The Multi-Solvent Solubility Challenge and Benchmark

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2606.07656v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Solubility prediction is a standard benchmark in computational chemistry, yet multi-solvent models which reportedly approach the experimental-noise ce

Scaffold Effects on GAIA: A Controlled Comparison

arXiv:2606.08529v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Published agent capability scores conflate what a model can do with what its scaffold lets it do, and the magnitude of this elicitation gap is not well

ScaleSweep: Accurate NVFP4 Post-Training Quantization of LLMs via Block Scale Initialization

arXiv:2606.07618v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: NVFP4 is a recently introduced hardware-supported FP4 format that improves the fidelity of 4-bit quantization through fine-grained block scales. Howev

Scaling by Diversified Experience for Vision-Language-Action Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2606.09009v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action models face significant challenges in real-world deployment due to the entanglement of high-level reasoning with low-level contro

Scaling Decision-Focused Learning to Large Problems with Lagrangian Decomposition

arXiv:2606.08797v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Decision-focused learning has shown great promise for addressing predict-then-optimize problems, particularly in the presence of under-specified model

Scaling Laws for Masked-Reconstruction Transformers on Single-Cell Transcriptomics

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2602.15253v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural scaling laws -- power-law relationships between loss, model size, and data -- have been extensively documented for language and vision transf

Scaling Neural Network Verification with Tensor Parallelism and Fully Sharded Data Parallelism

arXiv:2606.09377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Formal neural network verification -- proving that a network satisfies safety properties for all inputs in a specified domain -- is bounded in practic

Scaling Participation in Modular AI Systems

arXiv:2606.07812v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Humanity is a mosaic of multifaceted talents and needs, and any truly intelligent AI must reflect that richness. Yet the LLMs used by all are built by t

scCBGM: Interpretable Single-Cell Counterfactual Editing

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2606.07760v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding cellular phenotypes and how they respond to perturbations is critical for disease biology and therapeutic design. Single-cell RNA sequenci

SceneConductor: 3D Scene Generation from Single Image with Multi-Agent Orchestration

arXiv:2606.08402v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generating complete 3D scenes from a single image requires inferring globally consistent geometry, object relationships, and environmental context fro

Sci-Rho: A Multilingual Visually-Grounded Symbolic Benchmark for STEM Problems

arXiv:2606.08034v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Symbolic benchmarks have emerged as a key approach to assess model robustness under minor modifications to STEM-related questions. However, existing s

SciFlow-Bench: Evaluating Structure-Aware Scientific Diagram Generation via Inverse Parsing

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2602.09809v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Scientific diagrams convey explicit structural information, yet modern text-to-image models often produce visually plausible but structurally incorr

SciTrace: Trajectory-Aware Safety Reasoning for Scientific Discovery Agents

arXiv:2606.08234v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based scientific agents have shown strong capacity for autonomous research, yet their safety layers remain structurally divorced from core reasoning

SDTrack: A Baseline for Event-based Tracking via Spiking Neural Networks

arXiv:2503.08703v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Event cameras provide superior temporal resolution, dynamic range, energy efficiency, and pixel bandwidth. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) natu

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Agents

SearchSwarm: Towards Delegation Intelligence in Agentic LLMs for Long-Horizon Deep Research

arXiv:2606.09730v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are increasingly expected to handle complex, long-horizon real-world tasks whose context demands can grow without bound, yet model

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

SecureClaw: Clawing Back Control of LLM Agents

arXiv:2606.09549v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents face two distinct security failures: unauthorized external actions and exposure of sensitive plaintext in