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What Models Know, How Well They Know It: Knowledge-Weighted Fine-Tuning for Learning When to Say 'I Don't Know'

arXiv:2604.05779v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities across diverse user queries, they still suffer from hallucinations, often a

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Research

What Neural Network Field Theory Can and Cannot Realise on a Computer

DGX agent

arXiv:2608.21523v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: One aim of neural network field theory is to put a quantum or effective field theory on a computer, with the network ensemble itself as the theory. We

researcharxiv-cs-lg

25 Aug 2026

What Process Evaluation of Coding Agents Actually Measures: Action, Task, and Step Are Three Different Levels

arXiv:2608.22960v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Coding agents are increasingly evaluated not only by whether they solve a task, but also by how they execute it. However, existing process-level evaluat

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

What Proves You Wrong: Benchmarking Language Models on Falsifiable Research Ideation

arXiv:2608.22948v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used to propose research ideas, yet the prevailing ways of judging such ideas supply no shared decision rule: f

Local Ai

What Remains Normal? Clean Images Miss Useful Near-Defect Normal Patches for Anomaly Detection

arXiv:2608.23299v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Memory-based anomaly detectors store nominal training patches and score test patches against this memory. A patch selected for coverage therefore become

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

What's the Catch? Evaluating Temporal Consistency in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2608.23474v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on video and image-sequence benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether they capture temporal

When a neural surrogate cannot accelerate a solver: runtime share, closed-loop drift, and the economics of uncertainty gating in a stiff coupled simulation

arXiv:2608.23075v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learned surrogates for expensive inner solver blocks are a widely pursued route to faster multiphysics simulation. We report a controlled, end-to-end

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

When Do VLMs Help Arabic Manuscript OCR? A Cross-Dataset Study

arXiv:2608.22366v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly being used for document understanding, yet their role in Arabic and Islamic manuscript recognition remain

researcharxiv-cs-cv

When Does AI for PDEs Yield Scientific Evidence?

arXiv:2608.22504v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing AI-for-PDE benchmarks primarily assess models in terms of predictive or approximation accuracy. In physics research, however, AI outputs often

Tutorials

When Does Visual Generation Help Visual Understanding in Unified Multimodal Models?

arXiv:2608.22174v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unified multimodal models (UMMs) can perform both understanding and generation, raising a central question: can visual generation improve understanding?

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

When More Modalities Hurt: Modality Dropout for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Engine Diagnostics

arXiv:2608.23161v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Heavy-duty vehicle diagnostics generate three disconnected data modalities: unstructured multi- lingual service complaints, high-dimensional sensor tele

When More References Hurt: Contamination-Aware DINOv2 Memory Banks for Few-Shot Steel Defect Detection

arXiv:2608.22082v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Patch-memory anomaly detectors assume that their reference bank is normal, an assumption that is difficult to guarantee when additional industrial image

researcharxiv-cs-cv

When Names Cross Scripts: A Source-Grounded Benchmark for Historical Entity Reconciliation in the Mongol World

arXiv:2608.23507v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Historical people may appear under different languages, scripts, and transcription traditions, while distinct individuals may share highly similar or

When Not to Imitate: Boundary-Aware Skill Memory for Reliable Tool-Use LLM Agents

arXiv:2608.22339v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Extracting skills from past successes is critical for the efficient evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents. Prevailing agent self-evolution para

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

When Persona Simulations Are Informative: Graph-Structured Signals for Pluralistic Opinion Sensing

arXiv:2608.22438v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Persona-conditioned large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate survey responses across diverse domains. However, apparent response v

When Test-Time Adaptation Helps, Harms, or Becomes Inactive: A Condition-Level Study on CIFAR-10-C

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2608.22233v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model robustness under distribution shift by adapting a source model using unlabeled test data. Although me

When the Edit Changes the Patient: Measuring Identity Preservation in Counterfactual Retinal Images

arXiv:2608.23024v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Counterfactual medical image generation aims to modify an existing image to reflect a hypothetical scenario in which certain characteristics of the imag

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Where Cognition Lives: Dissecting Emergent from Computed Function in a Minimal Complete Cognitive Architecture

arXiv:2608.22347v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A cognitive architecture is more than the module that reasons: it must also decide how long to think and what deserves the effort. We built a minimal bu

Local Ai

Where World Models Break: Natural-Input Failure Discovery

arXiv:2608.22421v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World models predict action-conditioned futures and serve as critical internal simulators for downstream planning and control. However, catastrophic pre

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Tutorials

Which Algorithms Can Graph Neural Networks Learn?

arXiv:2602.13106v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In recent years, there has been growing interest in understanding neural architectures' ability to learn to execute discrete algorithms, a lin

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Which Histories Matter for Time Series Forecasting? Learning Predictive Relevance with Future Supervision

arXiv:2608.23221v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Historical retrieval for time-series prediction commonly treats past similarity as a proxy for usefulness. We ask a different question: which historic

Whitewashing Hate, Smearing Harmless Content: Annotator-Style Rebuttal Attacks on LLM-Based Moderation

arXiv:2608.22230v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for hate speech moderation, often within human--AI workflows in which reviewers provide feedback befo

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Who Pays More for Safety? Measuring the Disparate Cost of Safety Alignment across Languages

arXiv:2608.22490v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety alignment helps models adhere to human values, but it often reduces response utility. We ask a critical but understudied question: Does safety al

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Who Should Teach? Confidence-Aware Dual-Teacher Learning for Few-Shot Node Classification on Text-Attributed Graphs

arXiv:2608.22127v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs) integrate graph structures and node-associated textual attributes, and recent studies have increasingly leveraged Large La

Whole-Body Bilateral Teleoperation with Multi-Stage Object Parameter Estimation for Wheeled Humanoid Locomanipulation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2508.09846v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper presents an object-aware whole-body bilateral teleoperation framework for wheeled humanoid loco-manipulation. This framework combines who

Why Does Robustness Reduce Superposition?

arXiv:2608.22155v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The study of adversarial examples and their origins remains an open area of research. Mechanistic interpretability, and superposition in particular, o

Why Personalization Matters: Cross-Subject Challenges in EMG-IMU-based HRI Activity Recognition

arXiv:2608.21620v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper investigates wearable-based recognition of human activities and gestures to support Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) in object-handover and asse

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Why This, Not That? Mining User Profiles for Pair-wise Counterfactuals

arXiv:2608.21662v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The topic of explanation in recommender systems has seen steady research attention since the earliest days of the field. With some exceptions, this wo

Width-Independent Compressibility of Deep Neural Networks

arXiv:2608.21752v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: It has long been known that well-trained neural networks can be compressed very strongly without affecting their performance, an important phenomenon th

WildHandBench: A Benchmark for Handwritten Text Understanding that Challenges MLLMs and Humans

arXiv:2608.22959v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While the top model on OmniDocBench now reaches 96.34% overall on printed-document parsing, the ability of current models to handle challenging handwr

Hardware

WnW: Waxing-and-Waning KV Cache for Long-Form Speech LLMs

arXiv:2608.22704v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-form audio inputs make the KV cache the dominant memory cost of speech LLMs. Prefill-only KV compression methods permanently discard audio KV posit

hardwarearxiv-cs-cl

WorldMind: Decoupled Game World Model for State-Aware NPC Behavior

arXiv:2608.21439v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Game world models have recently demonstrated promising capabilities in generating visually coherent and action-controllable gameplay videos. However, no

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

WorldToken: Time-First Sequence Modeling for Robotic Imitation Learning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2608.22591v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robot policies receive heterogeneous observations at each decision step, yet sequence models differ in how they organize these inputs over time. We intr

XIT: Exploration and Exploitation Informed Trees for Active Gas Distribution Mapping in Unknown Environments

arXiv:2602.13739v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mobile robotic gas distribution mapping (GDM) provides critical situational awareness during emergency responses to hazardous gas releases. However,

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

XTC: Head-Aware Sampling by Excluding Top Choices

arXiv:2608.22758v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Standard decoding rules for autoregressive language models promote diversity by rescaling the full next-token distribution or truncating its low-proba

You Need Better Attention Priors

arXiv:2601.15380v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We generalize the attention mechanism by viewing it through the lens of Entropic Optimal Transport, revealing that standard attention correspo

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Your AI, On a Dial: Controlling Investment Bias in LLMs with a Single Neuron

arXiv:2608.22852v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in investment decision-making, yet prior work shows that they exhibit systematic, model-specific inve

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

ZOTTA: Test-Time Adaptation with Gradient-Free Zeroth-Order Optimization

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2603.14254v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model robustness under distribution shifts by adapting to unlabeled test data, but most existing methods

A Collaborative Multi-Modality Interaction for VLA-based End-to-End Autonomous Driving

arXiv:2608.20890v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving by jointly integrating perception, reasoning,

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

A Critical Audit of Spatiotemporal Forecasting Benchmark Datasets and Baselines

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2608.20980v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Graph neural networks (GNNs) are routinely employed for short-range forecasting on multivariate time series with a spatial graph structure. Despite the

A Dataset-Centric Benchmark of Deep Learning Methods for Grape Leaf Disease Classification and Detection

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2608.20608v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Grape leaf disease recognition is important for precision agriculture, enabling early diagnosis, timely intervention, and improved vineyard management.

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Closed-loop Guidance of Fish Schools via Virtual Agents

arXiv:2603.28200v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Guiding collective motion in biological groups is a fundamental challenge in understanding social interaction rules. In this study, we propose

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Applications

A Factorial Ablation of a Speech-to-SFT Pipeline: Differential Effects on Data Quality and Downstream Transfer

arXiv:2608.20394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Industry pipelines that turn speech into supervised fine-tuning (SFT) data via multi-stage refinement are increasingly adopted but, to our knowledge,

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

Local Ai

A Hybrid Edge Cloud Digital Twin for Welfare-Constrained Control in Poultry Production

arXiv:2608.20367v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Poultry production operates under tightly coupled environmental and biological dynamics, yet commercial climate control remains largely heuristic, lim

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

A Modular Agent for Reliable and Auditable Spatial Relation Verification in CT Scans

arXiv:2608.21140v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable spatial understanding is an important prerequisite for future medical vision-language systems that aim to support radiological report generat

A Neurosymbolic Approach for Constructing Planning Domain Models from Clinical Narratives

arXiv:2608.21186v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Surgical procedures such as laparoscopic appendectomy are complex, high-stakes processes, yet formalizing their workflows for decision support remains a

A Safety-Driven Architectural Framework for Fail-Operational Drone Swarms in Critical Missions

arXiv:2608.20906v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The certification of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms for safety-critical operations requires verifiable design assurance. Airworthiness standards

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

A Survey on Foundations and Frontiers of Multimodal Agentic Frameworks: Techniques and Applications

arXiv:2608.20379v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Advances in large language models (LLMs) have fueled a wave of research into agency: the ability to reason, plan, and act. This effort has produced agen

agentsarxiv-cs-ai