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Synthetic Semantic Supervision for Contrastive Code Representation Learning in Small Transformers: An Empirical Study

arXiv:2609.03702v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: General-purpose code embeddings power tools for code search, classification, and retrieval. Compact transformer encoders for code typically rely on eith

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TabScope: Question-Adaptive Scope Selection for Table Question Answering

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.03395v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on table question answering, yet their accuracy often degrades as table size increases. We

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

4 Sept 2026

Tail-Likelihood Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.02987v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning typically optimizes average reward. For generative policies, the average can hide an important distinction: two policies can achi

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

TAP-Path: Task-Adaptive Structural and Token Pruning for Efficient and Trustworthy Pathology Foundation Models

arXiv:2609.04071v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pathology foundation models improve transferable representation learning for histopathology, but recent gains often rely on encoders with hundreds of

Temperature Scaling Attack Disrupting Model Confidence in Federated Learning

arXiv:2602.06638v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Predictive confidence serves as a foundational control signal in mission-critical systems, directly governing risk-aware logic such as escalat

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Temporal Self-Distillation: Learning Visual State Tracking in Videos Without Supervision

arXiv:2609.04203v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce S^3T (Self-Supervised Self-Distillation over Time), which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first fully self-contained framework for co

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Tensor-based Brain Surface Modeling and Analysis

arXiv:2609.03302v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a unified computational approach to tensor-based morphometry in detecting the brain surface shape differences between two clinical groups bas

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Agents

Terminal-Universe: Turning Agent Trajectories into Scalable Terminal Environments

arXiv:2609.04148v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As terminal-based code agents become prevalent, agent trajectories have accumulated at scale, while realistic, executable environments remain scarce. Ho

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Test-time adaptation for speech enhancement with an autoregressive speech prior

arXiv:2609.03622v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a promising direction for improving speech enhancement models under mismatched acoustic conditions, without requirin

Text2Thermal: Physics-Aware Thermal Image Synthesis from Textual Priors

arXiv:2609.03585v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Thermal infrared imaging offers reliable perception in darkness and adverse weather, but thermal datasets remain scarce, motivating extensive work on tr

researcharxiv-cs-cv

The 2026 PNPL Competition: Word Classification and Efficient Cross-Subject Generalisation in LibriBrain100

arXiv:2609.03231v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The ambition of the 2025 PNPL competition (Landau et al., 2025) was to launch a multi-year curriculum for non-invasive speech decoding. Designed to prog

Applications

The Analyst in the Prompt: Role, Retrieval, and Memory Biases in LLM Financial Analysis

arXiv:2609.03218v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly use user context such as memory, profiles, and role prompts to personalize their responses. This personalizati

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

The Attention Triangle in Audio-Video Models

arXiv:2609.03586v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Audio-video diffusion models rely on cross-modal attention to coordinate text, sound, and visual content, yet this same mechanism can introduce subtle a

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

The Blind Spot in 2D Infants' Pose Estimation:Robust Learning from Noisy Annotations

arXiv:2609.04009v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Noisy annotations pose a significant challenge for supervised deep learning, as neural networks rely on large-scale, high-quality labeled data whose c

Agents

The Civilization Framework: Sovereign-Anchored Communication Between Personal Multi-Agent Systems

arXiv:2609.03425v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Humans are the transport layer between AI systems, losing context at every hop. We present the Civilization Framework, whose addressable party is the

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

The Dice Roll Method: A Standardized Protocol for Repeated-Query Auditing of Large Language Model Brand Recommendations

arXiv:2609.04047v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Background: Researchers increasingly use repeated identical prompts to audit stochastic variation in large language model (LLM) brand recommendations,

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

The Dually Flat Geometry of Planning as Inference

arXiv:2609.04005v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present an alternative characterization of the occupancy measure of reinforcement learning, obtained by embedding the planning criterion into the dyn

The Geometry of Ignorance: LLMs Know When to Temper Bayesian Priors

arXiv:2609.02959v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: What does a language model predict when it has few clues? The answer lurks in its unembedding geometry: a single direction of the unembedding matrix e

The Gradient Does Not See Rank: Rank-Indifference in Matrix-CODI on ProsQA

arXiv:2609.03090v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continuous chain-of-thought models compress reasoning into latent tokens. Matrix-valued variants, which route each latent token through a d x d matrix b

The Head Complexity of Boolean Functions in Single-Layer Attention

arXiv:2609.04046v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: What can a single layer of self-attention compute? We study head complexity: the minimum number of attention heads required to compute a function in a

The impact of phase information for few-shot fine-grained image classification

arXiv:2609.03829v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Few-shot fine-grained image classification (FSFGIC) aims to classify similar images with limited labeled examples. This work highlights the critical y

The Impact of Synthetic Data Augmentation on Discourse-Pragmatic Function Classification

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2609.03652v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Synthetic data augmentation has become a common strategy for addressing class imbalance in NLP, but most approaches focus on the quantity and diversity

The Natural Language Interaction Protocol and Standard for AI Agents

arXiv:2609.04135v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents are increasingly being developed and deployed across organizations using heterogeneous agent-development frameworks, AI models, tool interface

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Applications

The Psychological Costs of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Software Engineering

arXiv:2609.03456v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to augment software engineering (SE) workflows. While code generation remains the main use case, org

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Tutorials

The Shape of Time: Video-Token Contrast for Temporal Understanding in VideoLMs

arXiv:2609.04110v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Seeing frames in order does not mean representing time. Modern VideoLMs receive ordered video streams, yet their main supervision acts on generated text

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

</think> Doesn't Stop Reasoning: Analysis of Spurious CoT Termination

arXiv:2609.03633v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves large reasoning models (LRMs) on complex tasks but often produces long, redundant traces. Recent training-fr

ThousandWorlds: A benchmark for climate emulation of potentially habitable exoplanets

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2606.18338v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The search for life beyond Earth will depend on detecting faint signatures in the atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets. Interpreting thos

TIGPO: Temporal Instance-Graph Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.03383v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Graph-based policy optimization improves credit assignment for long-horizon LLM agents by organizing rollout trajectories into state-transition graphs.

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Time Without Timesteps: Simulating Coupled Dynamical Systems via Self-Consistency

arXiv:2609.03358v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Numerical simulation of dynamical systems is usually organized as a causal march through time: each state is computed from the previous one. We explore

To What Extent Do Large Language Models Understand Bangla Idioms?

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2609.03410v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Idiomatic expressions are an integral part of natural language, reflecting cultural nuances and posing unique challenges for computational models, parti

Tutorials

TokenMatch: 3D Mesh Correspondence Transformer with Curvature-Guided Tokenisation

arXiv:2609.04202v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While data-driven 3D shape correspondence estimation has recently seen substantial progress, robust matching under partial observations and strong non-i

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

ToolDF: Tool-Integrated Reasoning for Mixed-Authenticity Audio Deepfake Detection

arXiv:2609.03620v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audio deepfake detection is commonly formulated as clip-level binary classification of single-domain audio. However, real-world manipulated audio can

ToPO: Token-Conditioned Preference Routing for Attention-Based Latent Diffusion Models

arXiv:2609.03688v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pairwise preference labels rank complete images, yet Diffusion-DPO applies their effect over many spatial and denoising-time coordinates. For attention-

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Toward an~Integrated Cognitive--Ergonomic Architecture for~Human--Machine Interaction: Combining Cognitive Models with~Human Factors Ergonomics

arXiv:2609.03704v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents an integrated approach to modeling human competencies by combining the theoretical foundations of cognitive architectures with princ

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Toward Collective-Centric Evaluation of Preference Inference for Participatory Democracy

arXiv:2609.02990v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: To scale up collective decision-making, participatory democracy platforms such as Polis and Remesh enable online deliberation among thousands of parti

Toward Physically Grounded JEPA World Models for Goal-Conditioned Robotic Planning

arXiv:2609.03565v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Action-conditioned JEPA world models enable planning toward visually specified goals without reconstructing future pixels, yet latent prediction alone

Toward Unified Robot Learning: Bridging Representation, Vision-Language-Action, and World Models

arXiv:2609.03927v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For robots to operate reliably in real-world environments, they need to perceive their surroundings, act, and reason about the consequences of those act

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Towards a Statistical Understanding of Mixture-of-Experts

arXiv:2609.03501v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures increase model capacity by combining a collection of expert predictors through input-dependent routing, while o

Towards Multi-modal Multi-turn Safety: From Agentic Interaction to Strategic Alignment

arXiv:2601.04736v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Despite remarkable capability in multi-modal understanding, deploying Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in open-ended conversational scenari

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Towards Numerical TOHTN Planning with SMT-based HTN-SAT Encoding

arXiv:2609.03938v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While HTN planning has received significant attention in recent years, support for numerical reasoning remains very limited. In this paper, we investiga

Towards Scaling Reinforcement Learning to Massive Populations: Learning Mean-Field Representations

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.02928v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern multi-agent systems are increasingly deployed at scale over large populations of agents in settings such as ad-auctions, traffic routing, and r

TRACE: Spatiotemporal Contact Memory Graph Network Simulator for Granular Dynamics

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2609.02991v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learned graph simulators provide an efficient alternative to high-fidelity solvers for granular dynamics. However, granular motion depends strongly on i

Traceable TTS: Toward Watermark-Free TTS with Strong Traceability

arXiv:2507.03887v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in Text-To-Speech (TTS) technology have enabled synthetic speech to mimic human voices with remarkable realism, raising significant se

TRaIL-Odom: Tightly Coupled Continuous Time Radar-IMU-LiDAR Odometry with Adaptive Doppler Weighting

arXiv:2609.03561v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing radar-LiDAR fusion methods rely on fixed residual weights, even though the informativeness of radar Doppler and LiDAR geometry is scan- and dir

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Transfiver: Human-AI Co-Inference through a Shared Editable State

arXiv:2609.03797v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term human-AI interaction is difficult because the information that guides inference is updated implicitly by the model and is not directly inspect

Agents

Translation as a Decision Space: A Multi-Agent Perspective on Low-Resource Dialect Generation

arXiv:2609.04048v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural machine translation (NMT) systems typically produce a single output per input, obscuring the alternative decision trajectories implicitly avail

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Tutorials

TraveL: Transformer-based Multi-view Path Distributional Representation Learning

arXiv:2609.03427v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Path representation learning (PRL) for road networks has received increasing research attention, due to various path-related applications. Existing wo

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Tree species mapping in Denmark: A comparison of spectral-temporal features with geospatial foundation model embeddings

arXiv:2609.03480v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We map tree species across Denmark using National Forest Inventory plots and EO data, while evaluating the potential of foundation models for large-sc