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What is Missing from AI Post-Training AI: An Empirical Analysis

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

arXiv:2608.19072v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents can now post-train an LLM end-to-end. They can write code, launch training, evaluate checkpoints, and improve downstre

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What Makes Software Issue Resolution Tasks Difficult for Agents?

DGX agent

arXiv:2608.18280v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Background. Advances in agentic systems are simultaneously, and rapidly, saturating benchmarks. Despite this often discussed phenomena, benchmark scor

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

20 Aug 2026

When Clean Signals Are Not Enough: Detecting Structural Ambiguity for Safe Wearable Stress Classification

arXiv:2608.18397v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Wearable stress classifiers can achieve strong average performance while failing completely for a particular individual. On WESAD, a Random Forest reach

When Do LLMs Actually Help? Evaluating LLMs as Data Quality Annotators

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

arXiv:2608.18158v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLMs have been increasingly used to catch data quality issues automatically, but we know very little about how consistent these judgments actually are

When Does Dynamic Ensembling Pay Off? Diagnosing Regionwise Gains in Regression under Distribution Shift

arXiv:2608.18330v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Whether input-dependent ('dynamic') combination of a regression model pool beats the best static blend depends on the shift and is rarely known before d

researcharxiv-cs-lg

When Readability and Source Retention Diverge: An Evaluability Gap in AI Translation

arXiv:2608.19083v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Readable AI output can leave an evaluability gap: even when the source is shown, an overall-quality judgment may not reflect what an output preserves.

When Safety Overrides Vision: Exploring Dynamics between Vision Influence and Safety Alignment in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2608.18628v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Aligned vision-language models (VLMs) are designed to balance grounded visual reasoning with safe generation behavior. However, we observe a striking

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Local Ai

When Simplicity Wins: Bottleneck-Aware Context Modeling for Lightweight Semantic Segmentation

arXiv:2608.18979v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Semantic segmentation demands a careful balance between accuracy, efficiency, and scalability, which remains difficult to achieve for high-resolution im

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

When Two Tracers Disagree: An Investigation of Multimodal Fusion for Clinical PET/CT Segmentation

arXiv:2608.19063v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: PSMA and FDG PET/CT visualise complementary biological information in prostate cancer. Combining both tracers could capture heterogeneous tumour phenoty

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Which Negatives Matter? Ask Your Text Encoder: Adaptive Similarity Margins for Dense-Caption Retrieval

arXiv:2608.18521v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dense-caption retrieval has recently been improved by introducing segmentation, edge maps, LLM-filtered captions, and cross-modal modules into contrasti

WhiteMatter: All-to-All Cross-Layer Connections via KV Mixing

arXiv:2608.18486v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In a Transformer, each layer attends to past tokens only through KV produced at its own depth, despite the presence of deeper representations during aut

Hardware

Whole-Piece Training for Symbolic Music Language Models via Full-Horizon Compressed Recurrence

arXiv:2602.19816v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For computational efficiency, modern language models are typically trained on independently sampled fixed-length sequences. Symbolic music lan

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

Wildfire Suppression: Complexity, Models, and Instances

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

arXiv:2603.29865v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Wildfires cause major losses worldwide, and the frequency of fire-weather conditions is likely to increase in many regions. We study the alloc

Tutorials

X-LMC: Cross-View Spatiotemporal Collateral Circulation Scoring from DSA

arXiv:2608.18986v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the reference standard for leptomeningeal collateral (LMC) assessment, providing critical prognostic insights t

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

X2Streaming-TTS: Causal Token-Level Text-to-Speech from Streaming Text with Speech-State Inheritance

arXiv:2608.18661v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Streaming text-to-speech is essential for low-latency spoken dialogue systems, yet many systems wait for sentence-level text and are therefore only pseu

Local Ai

XRF-to-Optical Field-of-View Localization with Vision Language Models

arXiv:2608.18309v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Registering images acquired with different microscopy modalities is essential for relating complementary measurements of the same specimen. In correlati

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

You Are What You Prompt: Prompt Quality, Domain Shift, and Uncertainty in Agrifood Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2608.18116v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models enable zero-shot classification through natural language prompts, but performance is sensitive to prompt formulation, especially

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Zero-Shot SAM2 Segmentation and Vision Transformer-Based Recognition of Elamite Cuneiform Symbols from Degraded Tablet Images

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2608.18544v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated recognition of ancient cuneiform script poses a compound signal-degradation problem: the three-dimensional relief of clay tablets creates spat

Zero-Shot Transfer of Force Map Estimation Across GelSight Mini Sensors

arXiv:2608.18240v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite the rapid industrialization of the touch sensor manufacturing process, most of these sensors are still handmade in research laboratories. This c

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

3D Gaussian Accelerated Ray Tracing: Fast training through particle-based backward propagation

arXiv:2608.17298v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting has made Gaussian primitives a highly efficient representation for real-time novel view synthesis, but its rasterisation-based f

researcharxiv-cs-cv

A Constant-Competitive Algorithm for Dynamic Mixture-of-Experts Serving

arXiv:2608.16947v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Huang, Lou, and Xiao introduced Dynamic Mixture-of-Experts Serving and gave an O(sqrt(log k))-competitive randomized algorithm for its integral primal

researcharxiv-cs-lg

A decodability criterion predicts when hidden-state selection beats majority voting in large language models

arXiv:2608.17124v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Combining the answers a large language model (LLM) samples for a question into one decision is a test-time information fusion problem, usually solved by

A Diffusion-Refined Planner with Reinforcement Learning Priors for Confined-Space Parking

arXiv:2510.14000v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The growing demand for parking has increased the need for automated parking planning methods that can operate reliably in confined spaces. In restri

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

A Framework for Using and Evaluating LLMs as Surrogate Experts in Security Surveys: Reliability, Bias, and Implications

arXiv:2608.16893v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Expert surveys are widely used in security research to study practitioner workows and decision-making, yet recruiting domain experts - especially in S

A Glyph Is Not a Letter, a Token Is Not a Word, a Space Is Not a Space: What the Units of Voynichese Are Not

arXiv:2608.17096v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Voynich manuscript (Beinecke MS 408) is usually analysed on three unstated assumptions: that its glyphs are letters, that the strings between blanks

A multi-view contrastive learning framework for spatial embeddings in risk modelling

arXiv:2511.17954v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Incorporating spatial information, particularly when related to climate, weather, and demographic factors, is crucial for improving underwriti

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

A Residual Learning Approach for Unsteady Aerodynamic Load Prediction

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2608.17894v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper investigates the feasibility of using residual learning to improve unsteady aerodynamic load prediction for aeroelastic applications. The m

A Theoretical Framework for Parallel Lifelong MAPF Using Group Decentralized Planning

arXiv:2608.17928v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In the Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding (L-MAPF) problem, agents must repeatedly move from one destination to another while avoiding obstacles and in

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Abra: Scaling Diffusion Image Training

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2608.17286v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Compute-optimal scaling laws guide the training of frontier language models yet remain largely unexplored for visual generation. We present a systematic

Accuracy and Robustness of Model Cascades Under Data Perturbations

arXiv:2608.17711v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prediction cascades significantly reduce energy consumption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models while maintaining high predictive performance. The id

Action-Effect Memory Pretraining for Robot Manipulation

arXiv:2606.12499v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present AEM, an Action-Effect Memory pretraining framework for robot manipulation that learns compact temporal representations from vision-action

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

AdaLens: Interactive Storyline for Monitoring and Steering Long-Running Agentic Data Analysis

arXiv:2608.17834v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are pushing data science toward increasingly autonomous and agentic workflows, with recent systems already supporting multi-step

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Adaptive Policy Portfolios for Robust Markov Decision Processes

arXiv:2608.17929v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robust Markov decision processes optimize one policy against a set of plausible transition functions. This can be conservative when the unknown dynamics

Adaptive surrogate modeling for high-dimensional spatio-temporal output

arXiv:2608.17250v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper develops an adaptive surrogate modeling method for problems with very high-dimensional spatio-temporal outputs. The analysis of spatio-temp

aDSL: Agentic 3D Creation via Joint Agent-Program Design

arXiv:2608.17975v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Programmatic representations provide a compelling paradigm for 3D content creation, enabling fine-grained edits, interpretability, and explicit struct

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Advancing Health Equity through Multi-Level Fairness in Health Informatics

arXiv:2608.16902v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The increasing integration of machine learning in healthcare has highlighted critical challenges related to fairness, transparency, and health equity.

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Adversarial Data Modeling in Epidemiology

arXiv:2602.20134v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Epidemiological models increasingly rely on crowdsourced, self-reported behavioral data such as vaccination status, mask usage, and social dis

AerialYield-B2D: A Greenhouse Blueberry Dataset with Five-Stage Ripeness Masks and Fruit Counts

arXiv:2608.16973v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Blueberry ripeness is judged by berry colour, cluster composition, and the distribution of maturity stages within a plant, however, public green house i

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Against Political Polarization: A Unified Framework for Tracing Evolving Political Ideologies on Social Media

arXiv:2608.17987v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid growth of social media has greatly influenced political discourse, highlighting the need to understand individual political ideologies and t

Agent Lightning v1.0: Towards Harnessed Agentic RL

arXiv:2608.17528v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern agents operate inside agent harnesses that manage tools, context, and control flow, making the harness a critical part of the agent system. Our o

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Agentic ESOpt: Fine-Tuning Long-Horizon LLM Agents with Minimal GPU Requirements

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2608.17310v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been promising in single-turn LLM fine-tuning. However, long-horizon agentic reasoning introduces increasingly branching

Agents unlock new capabilities through Switching LoRA Adapters as a Tool (SLAaaT)

arXiv:2608.17034v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training can unlock new capabilities and improve performance on specialized tasks, but sometimes at the cost of catastrophic forgetting in other do

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

AI, Brain Death Detection, and Islamic Law

arXiv:2608.16903v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of machine learning systems capable of detecting covert consciousness in neurologically injured patients creates a profound challenge a

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Local Ai

AISA: AI Safety Assistant Framework for Continuous Improvement of Highway Construction

arXiv:2608.17184v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and pre-task planning can benefit from prior incident records, yet historical accident data is often stored as unstructured na

local-aiarxiv-cs-cl

An Analysis of Language Frequency and Error Correction for Esperanto

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2402.09696v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current Grammar Error Correction (GEC) initiatives tend to focus on major languages, with less attention given to low-resource languages like Espera

An Empirical Study of Reward Specification and Benchmark Reliability in GRPO-based LLM Unlearning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2608.17804v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Practical LLM unlearning is usually evaluated through two objectives: suppress target-specific knowledge and preserve non-target utility. In generativ

An Investigation of the NeurIPS and ICML 2025 Position Tracks

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2608.16894v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: ML venues shape what kinds of research claims become legible to reviewers and what forms of evidence count as rigorous. The NeurIPS and ICML Position

An Investigation of Translationese in the Generations of Multilingual Large Language Models

arXiv:2608.17399v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text which has been translated from another language tends to carry with it evidence of translationnicode{x2014}hence, it is often referred to as extit{