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Inference-Time Alignment of Diffusion Models via Trust-Region Iterative Twisted Sequential Monte Carlo

arXiv:2605.25123v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study inference-time alignment for diffusion-based generative models, aiming to steer a base model toward high-reward outputs without updating its

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Agents

Inference-Time Backdoors via Chat Templates: From LLM Supply Chains to Agentic System Compromise

DGX agent

arXiv:2602.04653v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Open-weight language models are increasingly used in production settings, raising new security challenges. One prominent threat is backdoor at

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

26 May 2026

Hardware

Inference Time Context Sparsity: Illusion or Opportunity?

arXiv:2605.24168v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparsity has long been a central theme in LLM efficiency, but its role in context processing remains unresolved. As LLM workloads shift toward longer co

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

Inference Time Optimization with Confidence Dynamics

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.25244v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inference time optimization techniques, such as repeated sampling, have significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs

InfiFPO: Implicit Model Fusion via Preference Optimization in Large Language Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2505.13878v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Model fusion combines multiple Large Language Models (LLMs) with different strengths into a more powerful, integrated model through lightweigh

Influence-Inspired Spectral Rotations for Extreme Low-Bit LLM Quantization

arXiv:2605.25203v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We apply the influence-adaptive Walsh geometry of a companion theory paper (arXiv:2605.01637) to extreme low-bit weight-only LLM quantization. The rec

INSIGHT: INference-time Sequence Introspection for Generating Help Triggers in Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2510.01389v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong generalization capabilities, yet they lack introspective mechanisms for anticipating fa

Insuring Every Action: An Authority Frontier Framework for Runtime Actuarial Control of Autonomous AI Agents

arXiv:2605.25632v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous AI agents increasingly issue side-effect-bearing actions: database mutations, refunds, payments, external commitments. We propose the Actuari

Intent Signal Theory: A Computational Framework for Intent-State Control in Human-AI Interaction

arXiv:2605.25058v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Current AI interaction models treat the prompt as the primary object of exchange, omitting a critical layer: the user's latent source intent, the goal

Interdomain Attention: Beyond Token-Level Key-Value Memory

arXiv:2605.24330v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformers and deep state space models (SSMs) sit at opposite ends of a basic design choice: attention routes each query through a growing key-value (

Internalizing Outcome Supervision into Process Supervision: A New Paradigm for Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning

arXiv:2605.05226v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The central challenge of reinforcement learning for reasoning lies not only in the sparsity of outcome-level supervision, but more fundamental

Interpretable and backpropagation-free Green Learning for efficient multi-task echocardiographic segmentation and classification

arXiv:2601.19743v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Echocardiography is a cornerstone for managing heart failure (HF), with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) being a critical metric for

Local Ai

Interpretation, Learning, and Empathy as One Constraint: A Residual-Adequacy Architecture with Accountable Abstention

arXiv:2605.24999v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: An agent must act on the situation before it, learn what it cannot yet represent, and model other agents well enough to coordinate. These faculties ar

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Intrinsically Interpretable Attention via Sparse Post-Training

arXiv:2512.05865v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce a simple post-training method that makes transformer attention sparse without sacrificing performance. Applying a flexible sparsi

Introduction to the Analysis of Probabilistic Decision-Making Algorithms

arXiv:2508.21620v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Decision theories offer principled methods for making choices under various types of uncertainty. Algorithms that implement these theories have been

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Invariant-Based Weight Sharing for Message Passing

arXiv:2605.25750v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) are a powerful framework for learning representations of graph-structured domains. However, weights in MPNNs act

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

InvariantCloud: A Globally Invariant, Uniquely Indexed Point Cloud Framework for Robust 6-DoF Tactile Pose Tracking

arXiv:2605.25216v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in imitation learning and vision-language models highlight the need for high-fidelity tactile perception, with 6-DoF tactile object pose

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Inverting the Shield: Systematically Generating Safety Tests from Policy Specifications

arXiv:2605.24883v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The widespread integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates rigorous and systematic safety evaluation. Existing paradigms either rely on con

Investigating the Effect of a Series Elastic Actuation Retrofit to Black-Box Actuators

arXiv:2605.24127v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In robotic applications, actuators are typically designed to be stiff with minimal backlash to ensure precision and repeatability. However, this limits

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Investigating the Effect of Network Pruning on Performance and Interpretability

arXiv:2409.19727v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are often over-parameterized for their tasks and can be compressed quite drastically by removing weights, a process call

Investigating the Interplay between Contextual and Parametric Chain-of-Thought Faithfulness under Optimization

arXiv:2605.24960v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) faithfulness, i.e., whether CoTs genuinely reflect large language models' (LLM) underlying behavior, is typically evaluated und

Is Decentralized AI Governable? From Regulative Policy to Constitutive Protocol

arXiv:2605.24538v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Every major framework for governing artificial intelligence presupposes an identifiable entity -- a developer, deployer, or operator -- who can be hel

Is GPT-4o mini Blinded by its Own Safety Filters? Exposing the Multimodal-to-Unimodal Bottleneck in Hate Speech Detection

arXiv:2509.13608v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) become integral to daily digital life, understanding their safety architectures is a critical problem for AI Align

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Is Human Annotation Necessary? Iterative MBR Distillation for Error Span Detection in Machine Translation

arXiv:2603.12983v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Error Span Detection (ESD) is a crucial subtask in Machine Translation (MT) evaluation, aiming to identify the location and severity of transl

Is Inference Mediated by Distinct Semantic Structures in LLMs? A Mechanistic Interpretation

arXiv:2605.25520v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Predicting a label correctly does not necessarily require representing the operation that produces it. Transformer representations are known to carry la

researcharxiv-cs-cl

IsaacIPC: Coupling High-Fidelity Simulation and Realistic Rendering for Contact-Rich Robotic Systems

arXiv:2605.24339v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present IsaacIPC, a robotic simulation framework that couples GPU accelerated incremental potential contact (IPC) with IsaacSim/Lab. IsaacIPC maps si

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Agents

Iterate Until Retrieved: Factual Nugget Optimization for Discoverable Continual Corrections in Agentic RAG

arXiv:2605.25641v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems in complex B2B (business-to-business) settings may often receive free-form response feedback. Rathe

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Iterative Feature Space Optimization through Incremental Adaptive Evaluation

arXiv:2501.14889v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Iterative feature space optimization involves systematically evaluating and adjusting the feature space to improve downstream task performance. Howe

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Iterative Refinement Neural Operators are Learned Fixed-Point Solvers: A Principled Approach to Spectral Bias Mitigation

arXiv:2605.24041v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural operators serve as fast, data-driven surrogates for scientific modeling but typically rely on a monolithic, single-pass inference procedure tha

IterInject: Indirect Prompt Injection Against LLM Agents via Feedback-Guided Iterative Optimization

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.24659v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed for complex tasks requiring planning, tool use, and interaction with external services. Their reliance on unt

IV-Net: A neural network for elliptic PDEs with random and highly varying coefficients

arXiv:2605.24876v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce a novel neural operator architecture designed to approximate solutions of linear elliptic partial differential equations with high-contra

IVR-R1: Refining Trajectories through Iterative Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.23997v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models via reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex visual reasoning tasks, yet they

JacQuant: STE-Free Quantization-Aware Training via Learned Jacobian Surrogates

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.25469v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantization-aware training (QAT) is widely deployed but typically relies on the Straight-Through Estimator (STE), which passes gradients through non-di

JAEGER: Joint 3D Audio-Visual Grounding and Reasoning in Simulated Physical Environments

arXiv:2602.18527v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Current audio-visual large language models (AV-LLMs) are predominantly restricted to 2D perception, relying on RGB video and monaural audio. T

Jailbreak to Protect: Buffering and Reinforcing via Temporary Jailbreaking for Safe Fine-Tuning in Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.24550v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fine-tuning-as-a-Service (FaaS) enables personalization of large language models (LLMs), but it can weaken safety-alignment under harmful fine-tuning at

JEPA-DNA: Grounding Genomic Foundation Models through Joint-Embedding Predictive Architectures

arXiv:2602.17162v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Genomic Foundation Models (GFMs) typically rely on Masked Language Modeling (MLM) or Next-Token Prediction (NTP) to learn the 'Laws of Nature'. Whil

Joint Optimization of Training and Inference in Federated Edge Learning via Constrained Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.25916v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated edge learning (FEEL) has recently emerged as a promising paradigm for achieving edge intelligence (EI) via enabling collaborative model traini

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

JT-SAFE-V2: Safety-by-Design Foundation Model with World-Context Data

arXiv:2605.24414v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce JT-Safe-V2, a large language model designed to advance the safety and trustworthiness of foundation models, extending our previous JT-Safe

JudgmentBench: Comparing Rubric and Preference Evaluation for Quality Assessment

arXiv:2605.25240v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Two methodologies dominate current practices of benchmarking: rubric-based scoring evaluates items against predefined criteria, whereas comparative ju

K-U-KAN: Koopman-Enhanced U-KAN for 3D Dental Reconstruction from a Single Panoramic X-ray Radiograph

arXiv:2605.25163v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A panoramic X-ray compresses a 3D jaw into a 2D strip; we aim to recover the missing depth cleanly and fast. Existing implicit neural representations

KAME: Tandem Architecture for Enhancing Knowledge in Real-Time Speech-to-Speech Conversational AI

arXiv:2510.02327v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Real-time speech-to-speech (S2S) models excel at generating natural, low-latency conversational responses but often lack deep knowledge and se

Keep the Proof State Live: Snapshotting for Efficient Tactic Search in Lean 4

arXiv:2605.25556v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated theorem proving systems built on Lean 4 increasingly rely on parallel tactic search over partially specified proofs, such as those generated

Agents

Kilometer-Scale GNSS-Denied UAV Navigation via Heightmap Gradients: A Winning System from the SPRIN-D Challenge

arXiv:2510.01348v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reliable long-range flight of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in GNSS-denied environments is challenging: integrating odometry leads to drift, loop

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

Know You Before You Speak: User-State Modeling for LLM Personalization in Multi-Turn Conversation

arXiv:2605.24647v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personalized dialogue requires more than recalling explicit user histories: systems also need to infer hidden user states that evolve through interactio

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

Knowing but Not Showing: LLMs Recognize Ambiguity but Rarely Ask Clarifying Questions

arXiv:2605.25284v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: User queries are often underspecified and may admit multiple valid interpretations. Rather than silently making assumptions about the user's intent, a h

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Knowledge Graph-Driven Expert-Level Reasoning for Neuroscience

arXiv:2605.25183v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge graph (KG) is an abstraction that can be extracted from text corpora and used for in-depth reasoning. Prior work has leveraged KGs to fine-t

Knowledge Graph Modulated Deep Learning for Limited-Sample Clinical Data Analysis

arXiv:2605.24162v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Biological systems are governed by structured molecular interactions, where pathways, regulatory circuits, and functional gene relationships shape cel

Knowledge Graph Re-engineering Along the Ontological Continuum (extended version)

arXiv:2605.22093v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Knowledge graphs have become the primary vehicle for data integration and are critical to the success of modern AI, but the diversity of KG modellin

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai