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Improving Random Forests by Smoothing

arXiv:2505.06852v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Random forest regression is a powerful non-parametric method that adapts to local data characteristics through data-driven partitioning, making it e

Improving Spatio-Temporal Residual Error Propagation by Mitigating Over-Squashing

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arXiv:2605.18068v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Residual error propagation remains a fundamental problem in recurrent models, where small prediction inaccuracies compound over time and degrade long-

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

19 May 2026

In-context learning enables continental-scale subsurface temperature prediction from sparse local observations

arXiv:2605.16665v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continental-scale knowledge of subsurface temperature is limited by the cost and sparsity of borehole measurements, but such information is essential fo

Incantation: Natural Language as the Action Interface for Multi-Entity Video World Models

arXiv:2605.18601v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern interactive video world models have achieved impressive visual fidelity, yet lack fine-grained multi-entity control and cross-entity, cross-world

Incentive-Aware Federated Averaging with Performance Guarantees under Strategic Participation

arXiv:2603.20873v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Federated learning (FL) is a communication-efficient collaborative learning framework that enables model training across multiple agents with privat

Individual utilities of life satisfaction reveal inequality aversion unrelated to political alignment

arXiv:2509.07793v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How should well-being be prioritised in society, and what trade-offs are people willing to make between fairness and personal well-being? We i

Inducing Spatial Locality in Vision Transformers through the Training Protocol

arXiv:2605.16390v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate whether the training protocol can induce spatial locality in the early layers of a Vision Transformer (ViT) trained from scratch, without

InFeR: Informed Failure Resilience in Learned Visual Navigation Control

arXiv:2510.24680v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While imitation learning (IL) has enabled successful visual navigation in many common environments, IL policies are prone to unpredictable failures

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Inference-Time Diversity in RL-Trained Lean Theorem Provers: A Diagnostic Study

arXiv:2601.16172v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: RL-trained Lean theorem provers mode-collapse at inference time: on miniF2F-test with DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5-RL, doubling the i.i.d. sampling budget f

Infini-News: Efficiently Queryable Access to 1.3 Billion Processed Common Crawl News Articles

arXiv:2605.18337v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large-scale news corpora support a wide range of research in Computational Social Science and NLP, yet access remains constrained: commercial archives i

InfoFlow: A Framework for Multi-Layer Transformer Analysis

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.17930v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While the approximation properties of single-layer Transformer architectures have been studied in recent works, a rigorous theoretical understanding of

Information-Theoretic Storage Cost in Sentence Comprehension

arXiv:2602.18217v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Real-time sentence comprehension imposes a significant load on working memory, as comprehenders must maintain contextual information to anticipate f

Informative Graph Structure Learning

arXiv:2605.16809v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The quality of graph-structured data is fundamental to the success of modern graph analysis techniques such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, re

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

InstructAV2AV: Instruction-Guided Audio-Video Joint Editing

arXiv:2605.18467v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent diffusion-based methods have achieved impressive progress in video content manipulation. However, they typically ignore the accompanying audio, l

Integration of AI in Cybersecurity: Current Trends with a Focused Look at Intrusion Detection Applications

arXiv:2605.17219v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely adopted today for its ability to detect patterns, automate tasks, and reduce time and cost across various appli

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Inter-LPCM: Learning-based Inter-Frame Predictive Coding for LiDAR Point Cloud Compression

arXiv:2605.18006v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Because LiDAR sensors acquire point clouds with a fixed angular resolution, the resulting data can be systematically parameterized and efficiently com

Agents

Interaction-Breaking Adversarial Learning Framework for Robust Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.18024v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cooperation is central to multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), yet learned coordination can be fragile when external perturbations disrupt inter

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Agents

Interactive Evaluation Requires a Design Science

arXiv:2605.17829v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI evaluation is undergoing a structural change. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as systems that act over time through tools, env

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Internalizing Tool Knowledge in Small Language Models via QLoRA Fine-Tuning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.17774v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used as planning components in agentic systems, but current tool-use pipelines often require full tool schemas to

Interpretable epistemic uncertainty decomposition in sequential generative models via polynomial chaos surrogates

arXiv:2510.21523v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sequential generative models conditioned on uncertain rewards are central to AI-driven scientific discovery, yet the epistemic uncertainty they inhe

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Intuitive Surgical SurgToolLoc and SurgVU Challenges Results: 2022-2025

arXiv:2305.07152v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Robotic assisted (RA) surgery promises to transform surgical intervention. Intuitive Surgical is committed to fostering these changes and the machin

InvDesFlow-AL: active learning-based workflow for inverse design of functional materials

arXiv:2505.09203v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Developing inverse design methods for functional materials with specific properties is critical to advancing fields like renewable energy, cat

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Inventorship in AI-Assisted Inventions: Designing an Experiment to Shape Case Law

arXiv:2605.16528v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The latest improvements in artificial intelligence (AI) raise new challenges for intellectual property laws, particularly concerning the inventorship

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Investigating Action Encodings in Recurrent Neural Networks in Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.16318v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Building and maintaining state to learn policies and value functions is critical for deploying reinforcement learning (RL) agents in the real world. Rec

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

iPOE: Interpretable Prompt Optimization via Explanations

arXiv:2605.18113v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prompt optimization has often been framed as a discrete search problem to find high-performing and robust instructions for an LLM. However, the search r

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cl

Is Complex Training Necessary for Long-Tailed OOD Detection? A Re-think from Feature Geometry

arXiv:2605.17799v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-tailed out-of-distribution (LT-OOD) detection is often addressed with specialized training, including auxiliary out-of-distribution (OOD) data, abs

Is VLA Reasoning Faithful? Probing Safety of Chain-of-Causation

arXiv:2605.17268v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present the first systematic study of faithfulness in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) driving models, analyzing 300 Alpamayo-R1-10B inferences across 10

ISEP: Implicit Support Expansion for Offline Reinforcement Learning via Stochastic Policy Optimization

arXiv:2605.18320v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Offline reinforcement learning methods typically enforce strict constraints to ensure safety; yet this rigidity often prevents the discovery of optima

Isolating Nonlinear Independent Sources in fMRI with eta-TCVAE Models

arXiv:2605.16708v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning meaningful latent representations from nonlinear fMRI data remains a fundamental challenge in neuroimaging analysis. Traditional independent co

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Isotonic Survival Regression: Calibrated Survival Distributions from Deep Cox Models

arXiv:2605.16571v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Time-to-event data is widespread across the life sciences and engineering, but it is typically encountered together with censoring, which complicates

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift

arXiv:2605.17251v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent work due to Goel et al. gave the first efficient algorithms for learning with distribution shift in the challenging PQ framework. In this setti

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Hardware

IVF-TQ: Streaming-Robust Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via a Codebook-Free Residual Layer

arXiv:2605.17415v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose IVF-TQ, an IVF index with a codebook-free residual layer: a fixed random rotation followed by precomputed Lloyd-Max scalar quantization dep

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

Jacobian-Guided Anisotropic Noise Reshaping for Enhancing Representation Utility under Local Differential Privacy

arXiv:2605.16812v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While Local Differential Privacy (LDP) serves as a foundational primitive for distributed data collection, its stringent noise injection requirement oft

JDCNet: Confidence-Gated Privileged-Modality Distillation for Cost-Preserving X-ray Inference

arXiv:2603.29167v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study a systems-level visual inference problem: using an expensive privileged modality during training while preserving a fixed-cost, single-moda

Joint Enhancement and Classification using Coupled Diffusion Models of Signals and Logits

arXiv:2602.15405v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Robust classification in noisy environments remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning. Standard approaches typically treat signal enhancem

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Joint Parameter and State-Space Bayesian Optimization: Using Process Expertise to Accelerate Manufacturing Optimization

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2602.17679v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful method for optimizing black-box manufacturing processes, but its performance is often limited when dealing

Agents

JSON-Bag: A generic game trajectory representation

arXiv:2508.00712v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce JSON Bag-of-Tokens model (JSON-Bag) as a method to generically represent game trajectories by tokenizing their JSON descriptions

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

JSPG: Dynamic Dictionary Filtering via Joint Semantic-Pinyin-Glyph Retrieval for Chinese Contextual ASR

arXiv:2605.16896v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Contextual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) faces challenges with large-scale keyword dictionaries, as excessive irrelevant candidates introduce noise

KairosHope: A Next-Generation Time-Series Foundation Model for Specialized Classification via Dual-Memory Architecture

arXiv:2605.18657v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have demonstrated notable success in general-purpose forecasting tasks; however, their adaptation to specialized

KASER: Knowledge-Aligned Student Error Simulator for Open-Ended Coding Tasks

arXiv:2601.06633v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Open-ended tasks, such as coding problems that are common in computer science education, provide detailed insights into student knowledge. How

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Keeping an Eye on AI: A Framework for Effective Human Oversight of AI Systems

arXiv:2605.16278v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that ma

Kelvin v1.0: A Neural Pre-Encoder for H.264: A standards-compliant learned preprocessor with -27.62% BD-VMAF on UVG

arXiv:2605.16376v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Kelvin is a lightweight learned pre-encoder that sits in front of an unmodified libx264 encoder. It applies content-adaptive pixel adjustments, bounde

Key-Gram: Extensible World Knowledge for Embodied Manipulation

arXiv:2605.18556v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Embodied control increasingly requires models to follow compositional language instructions while reasoning over dynamic visual states. However, curre

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

KISS - Knowledge Infrastructure for Scientific Simulation: A Scaffolding for Agentic Earth Science

arXiv:2605.17856v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Process-based simulation models encode decades of scientific understanding across the Earth sciences, yet the communities most exposed to climate risk a

Knowledge-to-Verification: Exploring RLVR for LLMs in Knowledge-Intensive Domains

arXiv:2605.18261v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated promising potential to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language model

KVCapsule: Efficient Sequential KV Cache Compression for Vision-Language Models with Asymmetric Redundancy

arXiv:2605.16439v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a critical and fast-growing extension of Large Language Models (LLMs) that enable multimodal reasoning t

Hardware

KVDrive: A Holistic Multi-Tier KV Cache Management System for Long-Context LLM Inference

arXiv:2605.18071v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Supporting long-context LLMs is challenging due to the substantial memory demands of the key-value (KV) cache. Existing offloading systems store the ful

hardwarearxiv-cs-cl

L-Drive: Beyond a Single Mapping-Latent Context Drives Time Series Forecasting

arXiv:2605.17730v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mainstream methods for multivariate time-series forecasting largely follow the Direct-Mapping paradigm. They learn a unified mapping from history to t

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai