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Training Infinitely Deep and Wide Transformers

arXiv:2605.17660v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Transformers have become the dominant architecture in modern machine learning, yet the theoretical understanding of their training dynamics remains li

Agents

Trajectory-Aware Adaptive Inference in Object Detection Models

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arXiv:2605.16397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The increasing integration of sensors in autonomous maritime navigation has led to large-scale multimodal datasets, raising challenges in achieving ef

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

19 May 2026

Agents

Transfer Learning for Customized Car Racing Environments

arXiv:2605.17928v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Transfer Learning, a technique where a model/agent can use the knowledge/expertise that it gained from one task and exploit that to solve another clos

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Transformer-Based MCS Prediction for 5G Multicast-Broadcast Services (MBS)

arXiv:2605.16735v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of 5G Multicast-Broadcast Services (MBS) is emerging as a critical technology for spectral-efficient UHD content delivery and serving a

Transformers for Learning on Noisy and Task-Level Manifolds: Approximation and Generalization Insights

arXiv:2505.03205v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Transformers serve as the foundational architecture for large language and video generation models, such as GPT, BERT, SORA and their successors. Em

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Transitivity Meets Cyclicity: Explicit Preference Decomposition for Dynamic Large Language Model Alignment

arXiv:2605.17342v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Standard RLHF relies on transitive scalar rewards, failing to capture the cyclic nature of human preferences. While some approaches like the General P

TriALS: Triphasic-Aided Liver Lesion Segmentation Benchmark in Non-Contrast CT

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2605.16572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated segmentation of liver lesions on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is clinically important but fundamentally challenging, particularly i

Hardware

TriAxialKV: Toward Extreme Low-Precision KV-Cache Quantization for Agentic Inference Tasks

arXiv:2605.17170v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic workloads have emerged as a major workload for LLM inference. They differ significantly from chat-only workloads, requiring long-context process

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

TriOpt: A Scalable Algorithm for Linear Causal Discovery

arXiv:2605.17465v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning causal relations from observational data is challenging because the graph search space grows super-exponentially with the number of variables.

applicationsarxiv-cs-lg

Trust No Tool: Evaluating and Defending LLM Agents under Untrusted Tool Feedback

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.17453v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-using LLM agents increasingly rely on external tools to make consequential decisions, yet most existing agent-security benchmarks and defenses im

Tutorials

Trust the uncertain teacher: distilling dark knowledge via calibrated uncertainty

arXiv:2602.12687v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The core of knowledge distillation lies in transferring the teacher's rich 'dark knowledge'-subtle probabilistic patterns that reveal how clas

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Trustworthiness in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems: A Survey

arXiv:2409.10102v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has quickly grown into a pivotal paradigm in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). Although ex

Hardware

Truthful Calibration Errors for Multi-Class Prediction

arXiv:2510.06388v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Calibrated predictions are useful because their numerical values can be interpreted as probabilities. Calibration errors are therefore widely used t

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

TTE-Flash: Accelerating Reasoning-based Multimodal Representations via Think-Then-Embed Tokens

arXiv:2605.16638v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent research has demonstrated that Universal Multimodal Embedding (UME) benefits significantly from Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. In this paradig

TusoAI: Agentic Optimization for Scientific Methods

arXiv:2509.23986v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Scientific discovery is often slowed by the manual development of computational tools needed to analyze complex experimental data. Building such too

Two-Valued Symmetric Circulant Matrices: Applications in Deep Learning

arXiv:2605.16443v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite the success of deep neural networks in vision, medical diagnosis, and IoT scenarios, their deployment on resource-limited platforms poses seri

UAVFF3D: A Geometry-Aware Benchmark for Feed-Forward UAV 3D Reconstruction

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2605.17942v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Feed-forward 3D reconstruction has recently demonstrated strong generalization across diverse scenes, yet its performance in UAV imagery remains underex

UB-SMoE: Universally Balanced Sparse Mixture-of-Experts for Resource-adaptive Federated Fine-tuning of Foundation Models

arXiv:2605.16690v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Heterogeneous LoRA-rank methods address system heterogeneity in federated fine-tuning of foundation models by assigning client-specific ranks based on c

researcharxiv-cs-lg

UbuntuGuard: A Culturally-Grounded Policy Benchmark for Equitable AI Safety in African Languages

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2601.12696v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current guardian models are predominantly Western-centric and optimized for high-resource languages, leaving low-resource African languages vulnerab

UCSF-PDGM-VQA: Visual Question Answering dataset for brain tumor MRI interpretation

arXiv:2605.17140v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Brain tumor diagnosis is largely dependent on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evaluation, which requires radiologists to synthesize thousands of imag

Uncertainty-Calibrated Recommendations for Low-Active Users

arXiv:2605.17788v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A fundamental challenge in recommender systems is balancing reliability for Low-Active Users (LAUs) with diversity for High-Active Users (HAUs). The k

Uncertainty Quantification as a Principled Foundation for Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Case Study of Counterfactual Explanations

arXiv:2502.17007v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper we argue that, to its detriment, transparency research overlooks many foundational concepts of artificial intelligence. As an il

Uncertainty Reliability Under Domain Shift: An Investigation for Data-Driven Blood Pressure Estimation in Photoplethysmography

arXiv:2605.18008v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is critical for safety-critical domains like healthcare, yet it is rarely evaluated under realistic out-of-distribution

Understanding In-Context Learning on Structured Manifolds: Bridging Attention to Kernel Methods

arXiv:2506.10959v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While in-context learning (ICL) has achieved remarkable success in natural language and vision domains, its theoretical understanding-particul

UniAlign: A Model-Agnostic Framework for Robust Network Traffic Classification under Distribution Shifts

arXiv:2605.17575v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Network traffic classification (NTC) models often suffer severe performance degradation when deployed in real-world environments due to distribution s

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

UniER: A Unified Benchmark for Item-level and Path-level Exercise Recommendation

arXiv:2605.16750v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personalized exercise recommendation dynamically aligns pedagogical resources with individual knowledge mastery, which is crucial for satisfying stude

Unified Walking, Running, and Recovery for Humanoids via State-Dependent Adversarial Motion Priors

arXiv:2605.18611v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose a unified reinforcement learning framework that enables a single policy to perform walking, running, and fall recovery on the Unitree G1 huma

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Unifying Contrastive and Generative Objectives for Visual Understanding and Text-to-Image Generation

arXiv:2603.02667v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Unifying text-image contrastive learning and text-to-image (T2I) generation in a single end-to-end model is challenging because the two objectives d

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

UniPPTBench: A Unified Benchmark for Presentation Generation Across Diverse Input Settings

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2605.17356v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing works typically focus on presentation generation under isolated input settings, whereas real-world use cases span diverse scenarios, including

Universal Adversarial Triggers

arXiv:2605.17936v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent works have illustrated that modern NLP models trained for diverse tasks ranging from sentiment analysis to language generation succumb to univers

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Universal Dynamics of Punctuated Progress

arXiv:2605.16719v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientific and technological frontiers advance through punctuated dynamics, yet the principles governing these dynamics remain poorly understood. Here

Universal Graph Backdoor Defense: A Feature-based Homophily Perspective

arXiv:2605.16815v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in relational learning. However, their vulnerability to graph backdoor attacks (GBAs) po

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Universal Inverse Distillation for Matching Models with Real-Data Supervision (No GANs)

arXiv:2509.22459v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While achieving exceptional generative quality, modern diffusion, flow, and other matching models suffer from slow inference, as they require

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Universal Pose Pretraining for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Policies

arXiv:2602.19710v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often suffer from feature collapse and low training efficiency because they entangle high-level percept

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Survey

arXiv:2401.03717v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Time-series data exists in every corner of real-world systems and services, ranging from satellites in the sky to wearable devices on human bo

UniversalRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation over Corpora of Diverse Modalities and Granularities

arXiv:2504.20734v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown substantial promise in improving factual accuracy by grounding model responses with external kn

Unlearning Isn't Deletion: Investigating Reversibility of Machine Unlearning in LLMs

arXiv:2505.16831v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove specified data, but its efficacy is typically assessed with task-level metrics like

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Unleashing LLMs in Bayesian Optimization: Preference-Guided Framework for Scientific Discovery

arXiv:2605.17976v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific discovery is increasingly constrained by costly experiments and limited resources, underscoring the need for efficient optimization in AI for

Unleashing the Potential of Diffusion Models for End-to-End Autonomous Driving

arXiv:2602.22801v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion models have become a popular choice for decision-making tasks in robotics, and more recently, are also being considered for solving

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Agents

Unleashing the Representational Power of Fourier Shapes for Attacking Infrared Object Detection

arXiv:2605.17822v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Infrared object detection is crucial for perception in autonomous driving and surveillance but remains vulnerable to physical adversarial attacks. Unlik

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Unleashing Vision Transformer Potential In Image Quality Assessment via Global-Local Adaptive Interaction

arXiv:2605.17748v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the field of Blind Image Quality Assessment (BIQA), accurately predicting the perceptual quality of authentically distorted images remains highly cha

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Unlocking the Potential of Diffusion Language Models through Template Infilling

arXiv:2510.13870v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Autoregressive Language Models, yet their inference strategies rem

UNR-Explainer: Counterfactual Explanations for Unsupervised Node Representation Learning Models

arXiv:2605.17285v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Node representation learning, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), has emerged as a pivotal method in machine learning. The demand for reliable expla

Unveiling Memorization-Generalization Coexistence: A Case Study on Arithmetic Tasks with Label Noise

arXiv:2605.18022v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Highly over-parameterized models can simultaneously memorize noisy labels and generalize well, yet how these behaviors coexist remains poorly understo

Use the Online Network If You Can: Towards Fast and Stable Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2510.02590v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The use of target networks is a popular approach for estimating value functions in deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). While effective, the target net

Usenix'23 Extended Version: Smart Learning to Find Dumb Contracts

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2304.10726v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce the Deep Learning Vulnerability Analyzer (DLVA) for Ethereum smart contracts based on neural networks. We train DLVA to judge byt

UST-Hand: An Uncertainty-aware Spatiotemporal Point Cloud Interaction Network for 3D Self-supervised Hand Pose Estimation

arXiv:2605.17742v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Manually annotating accurate 3D hand poses is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. Existing self-supervised hand pose estimation methods levera

researcharxiv-cs-cv

UTOPYA: A Multimodal Deep Learning Framework for Physics-Informed Anomaly Detection and Time-Series Prediction

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.18188v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Anomaly detection in batch processes is hindered by transient dynamics, scarce fault labels, and reliance on single-modality sensor data. This work intr