Search: “science”

Discovery of Interpretable Surrogates via Agentic AI: Application to Gravitational Waves

arXiv:2605.11280v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fast surrogate models for expensive simulations are now essential across the sciences, yet they typically operate as black boxes. We present e

23 Sept 2026

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Layout-Guided Masking for GROBID: Lightweight Structural Gains in Large-Scale Scientific PDF Ingestion

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.26381v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transforming scholarly PDFs into machine-readable fulltext remains a bottleneck for large-scale information systems. Recent vision-based parsers improve

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

23 Sept 2026

Tutorials

Simulation-free Structure Learning for Stochastic Population Dynamics

arXiv:2510.16656v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modeling dynamical systems and unraveling their underlying structural dependencies is central to many domains in the natural sciences. Various physi

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

23 Sept 2026

xWhyL: Causal Interactive Learning

arXiv:2609.26037v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Explanations are central to causal reasoning, and cognitive science has long established that the human drive to explain is itself a mechanism for learn

23 Sept 2026

Blind Deconvolution of Binary and Pattern Images with Pixel Intensity Constraints and Sparse Gradient Prior

arXiv:2609.23268v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Blind image deconvolution (BID) is a prominent research topic in the field of imaging sciences, given its significant practical applications. Most exist

MDForge: Agentic Molecular Dynamics Pipeline Design under Sparse Simulator Feedback

arXiv:2606.12916v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Molecular dynamics (MD) is the canonical in-silico method for atomistic molecular science, simulating molecular behavior from first-principle

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Prior-Amortized In-Context Bayesian Inference for Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models

arXiv:2609.24422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hierarchical data is ubiquitous in the empirical sciences and is most commonly analyzed with generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs). Bayesian i

SCoR: A Hierarchical Framework for Forecasting Relations Between Scientific Concepts

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2609.22174v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Anticipating emerging research directions is a critical goal of AI-assisted science. Existing methods mainly predict which concepts will co-occur in fut

Scaling Discovery through Test-Time Communication

arXiv:2609.21032v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Science advances not in isolation but through collaboration, yet existing agentic systems capture little of this. Whether communicating agents help re

21 Sept 2026

Digital Twins for Opinion Dynamics: A Generative LLM Framework for Social Networks

arXiv:2609.19913v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The study of opinion dynamics in social networks is one of the key challenges in computational social science with direct relevance to understanding pol

18 Sept 2026

Generating Heterogeneous 3D Geological Microstructures from 2D Images via a Stable Diffusion-Adversarial Model

arXiv:2609.20358v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Characterizing the physical properties of clay and cementitious materials matters across many fields, from materials science to geological waste disposa

18 Sept 2026

Applications

Unifying Models of Intergroup Hostility in Online Discourse

arXiv:2609.20808v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hostile rhetoric toward social groups can normalize exclusion and justify mistreatment, as well as contribute to rising polarization and political viole

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

18 Sept 2026

Multi-Session Multimodal Underwater Mapping with Acoustic and Optical Imaging

arXiv:2609.17929v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate seafloor mapping is essential for marine science, archaeology, and environmental monitoring. However, integrating data from different sensors,

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

17 Sept 2026

Can LLMs Model Incorrect Student Reasoning? A Case Study on Distractor Generation

arXiv:2603.15547v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modeling student misconceptions in a realistic manner is critical for AI in education. In this work, we examine how large language models (LLM

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

16 Sept 2026

Quantifying Organizational Environmental Action from Web Data and Large Language Models

arXiv:2609.16627v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantifying organizational environmental action from publicly available web content remains a challenging environmental data science problem because rel

researcharxiv-cs-cl

16 Sept 2026

Perceive, Refine, Reason: A Calibrated Pipeline for Measuring Indicators in Strategic Visual Communication on Social Media

arXiv:2609.14699v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual content shapes audience perception and opinion on social media, and computational social science increasingly relies on automated tools to analyz

15 Sept 2026

Cortex: Content Analysis Support Software, a Resource for Qualitative Research

arXiv:2609.11970v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Qualitative research is widely used in the human and social sciences, characterized by a deep understanding of phenomena through the interpretation of

researcharxiv-cs-cl

14 Sept 2026

Tutorials

SAGE-Loop: Reliable Closed-Loop LLM-Driven AutoML with Trial-and-Correction and Adaptive Ensembling

arXiv:2609.12455v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated machine learning (AutoML) is reshaping data-driven science and industrial practice, and as large language models are introduced into AutoML, p

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

14 Sept 2026

TailProp: content-adaptive light- and heavy-tailed propagation for vision

arXiv:2609.11081v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Science-inspired vision models show that explicit propagation dynamics can provide structured and interpretable alternatives to conventional token mixin

11 Sept 2026

Beyond Final Decisions: A Process-Centric Benchmark for Transparent AI-Assisted Peer Review

arXiv:2609.05947v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Peer review is central to quality control in science. However, existing evaluations of AI-assisted peer review mainly focus on the overall quality of ge

Differentially Private Average Treatment Effect Estimation by Propensity Score Blocking

arXiv:2609.09536v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Average treatment effect (ATE) estimation in observational studies is a fundamental statistical tool used frequently in social science, medicine, and

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

LLM-Generated or Human-Written? Comparing Review and Non-Review Papers on ArXiv

arXiv:2601.17036v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: ArXiv recently prohibited the upload of unpublished review papers to its servers in the Computer Science domain, citing a high prevalence of L

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

The convergent laboratory: when AI reasoning, autonomous experiments, high performance and quantum computing reshape chemistry

arXiv:2609.05643v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This Comment emerges from TPC26 (https://tpc26.org), a conference convening leaders from academia, national laboratories, and industry who are reshaping

Time-Varying Data as Sheaves: an Invitation to Narratives

arXiv:2609.09056v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern science and engineering increasingly rely on time-varying data, yet the mathematical tools used to model temporal phenomena are often developed w

Directed mixed membership stochastic blockmodel

arXiv:2101.02307v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mixed membership modeling for undirected networks has been extensively explored in network science over the past few years. Despite the substa

Latent class analysis by regularized spectral clustering

arXiv:2310.18727v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The latent class model is a highly effective tool in the analysis of categorical data from social, psychological, and behavioral sciences, where pop

Leveraging Discrete Function Decomposability for Scientific Design

arXiv:2511.03032v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In the era of AI-driven science and engineering, we often want to design discrete objects in silico according to user-specified properties. For exam

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Modal Logic Neural Networks

arXiv:2512.03491v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural Networks are indispensable to natural sciences and society. Their impact extends from applications in public health to workforce productivity

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

On the Effectiveness of the z-Transform Method in Quadratic Optimization

arXiv:2507.03404v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The z-transform of a sequence is a classical tool used within signal processing, control theory, computer science, and electrical engineering. It al

Poisson Image Denoising Using Minimax Concave and Reweighted ell_1 Penalties: Nonblind and Blind Approaches

arXiv:2609.07916v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Images are important tools in various sciences. Despite the development of photo-taking tools, creating clear and image without noise remains challengin

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

A Case Study on Emergent Cheating and Whistleblowing in Autonomous Research Swarms

arXiv:2609.04170v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent AI science ecosystems rely on agents possessing tools that allow them to communicate, coordinate, and build on each other's work. Yet this s

4 Sept 2026

Symmetries and Causality: Causal Effect Identification Beyond IID Data

arXiv:2609.03697v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In the natural sciences, symmetries and cause-effect relationships are ubiquitous. Yet for complex machine-learning tasks, like world-modeling in rein

4 Sept 2026

When Vision Meets Graphs: A Survey on Graph Reasoning and Learning

arXiv:2609.03816v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graphs are a fundamental data structure underlying many problems in the natural and social sciences. Over the past decade, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs

4 Sept 2026

Doubly Stochastic Adaptive Neighbors Clustering via the Marcus Mapping

arXiv:2408.02932v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Clustering is a fundamental task in machine learning and data science, and similarity graph-based clustering is an important approach within t

GRADSOLVE: fast exact gradients for ODE ensembles on GPUs

arXiv:2609.02876v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) underlie models in science and engineering, and many applications need derivatives of their solutions with resp

Tutorials

Induction and Inquiry via Probabilistic Reasoning over Language and Code

arXiv:2609.01815v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How humans grow and maintain abstract knowledge from the sparse, streaming noisy data of experience is a longstanding challenge in cognitive science. An

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Source Distribution Estimation by Posterior Averaging

arXiv:2609.02622v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Simulation-based science often requires a distribution over simulator parameters whose push-forward reproduces a set of real observations: this is the s

A Human-AI Theorem Connecting Spontaneous and Field-Induced Mechanisms of Collective Behavior in One Dimension

arXiv:2609.00322v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Can an artificial intelligence (AI) generate a scientific hypothesis outside a human collaborator's active hypothesis space (AHS), and can human-AI re

Can LLMs Discover Scientific Laws in Real and Parallel Worlds?

arXiv:2609.01552v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific equation discovery has long been central to scientific progress, proceeding through iterative cycles of hypothesis generation, observational

Control Variate Score Matching for Diffusion Models

arXiv:2512.20003v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sampling from unnormalized probability densities is a pervasive challenge across the computational and physical sciences. Diffusion models provide a

HugAgent: A Human Simulation Benchmark for Individual-Level Reasoning

arXiv:2510.15144v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Simulating human reasoning in open-ended tasks has long been a central aspiration in AI and cognitive science. While large language models now appro

CDEP Agent: Connecting Meteorologically Detected Temporal Compound Events to Real-World Documentary Evidence

arXiv:2608.28628v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Compound drought-to-extreme-precipitation (CDEP) events are recognized in climate science as a growing driver of extreme impact, but whether this recogn

Expert-validated STEM QA

arXiv:2608.28591v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advancements in AI are helping scientists achieve breakthroughs in fields such as mathematics, medicine, and materials sciences. New evaluation d

HumanStudy-Bench: Towards AI Agent Design for Participant Simulation

arXiv:2602.00685v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as simulated participants in social science experiments, but their behavior is often unstable and

Propensity Straight-Through Gradients for Discrete Stochastic Systems

arXiv:2608.25631v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) provide the backbone for modeling discrete stochastic dynamics across applied, physical, and biological sciences

'Train classical, deploy quantum' requires rethinking generalization

arXiv:2608.31117v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative models have become central across science and industry, from image and text synthesis to the design of molecules and materials. Quantum gen

Understanding Deep Learning via Notions of Rank

arXiv:2408.02111v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Despite the extreme popularity of deep learning in science and industry, its formal understanding is limited. This thesis puts forth notions o

Examining the robustness of Physics-Informed Neural Networks to noise for Inverse Problems

arXiv:2509.20191v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Approximating solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) is fundamental for the modeling of dynamical systems in science and engineeri