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Optimal Policy Learning under Budget and Coverage Constraints

arXiv:2605.12235v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study optimal policy learning under combined budget and minimum coverage constraints. We show that the problem admits a knapsack-type structure and

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Optimal Representations for Generalized Contrastive Learning with Imbalanced Datasets

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.11291v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we provide a computable characterization of the geometry of optimal representations in Contrastive Learning (CL) when the classes are imb

researcharxiv-cs-lg

13 May 2026

Optimistic Dual Averaging Unifies Modern Optimizers

arXiv:2605.11172v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce SODA, a generalization of Optimistic Dual Averaging, which provides a common perspective on state-of-the-art optimizers like Muon, Lion, Ad

Optimizing 4D Wires for Sparse 3D Abstraction

arXiv:2605.11977v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a unified framework for 3D geometric abstraction using a single continuous 4D wire, parameterized as a B-spline with spatial coordinates and

ORBIT: Preserving Foundational Language Capabilities in GenRetrieval via Origin-Regulated Merging

arXiv:2605.12419v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) development, fine-tuning them for specific tasks often results in the catastrophic forgetti

researcharxiv-cs-cl

ORCE: Order-Aware Alignment of Verbalized Confidence in Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.12446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) often produce answers with high certainty even when they are incorrect, making reliable confidence estimation essential f

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Oscillators Are All You Need: Irregular Time Series Modelling via Damped Harmonic Oscillators with Closed-Form Solutions

arXiv:2602.12139v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Transformers excel at time series modelling through attention mechanisms that capture long-term temporal patterns. However, they assume uniform time

OTT-Vid: Optimal Transport Temporal Token Compression for Video Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.11803v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) scale to longer and more complex videos, their inference cost grows rapidly due to the large volume of visua

OUI as a Structural Observable: Towards an Activation-Centric View of Neural Network Training

arXiv:2605.11570v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Activation functions are what make deep networks expressive: without them, the model collapses to a linear map. Yet we still evaluate training mostly fr

Output Composability of QLoRA PEFT Modules for Plug-and-Play Attribute-Controlled Text Generation

arXiv:2605.12345v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques offer task-specific fine-tuning at a fraction of the cost of full fine-tuning, but require separate fi

Overcoming Dynamics-Blindness: Training-Free Pace-and-Path Correction for VLA Models

arXiv:2605.11459v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models achieve remarkable flexibility and generalization beyond classical control paradigms. However, most prevailing VLA

OverNaN: NaN-Aware Oversampling for Imbalanced Learning with Meaningful Missingness

arXiv:2605.11525v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Missing values are routinely treated as defects to be eliminated through deletion or imputation prior to machine learning. In many applied domains, howe

Overparametrized models with posterior drift

arXiv:2506.23619v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of posterior drift on out-of-sample forecasting accuracy in overparametrized machine learning models. We do

Oversmoothing as Representation Degeneracy in Neural Sheaf Diffusion

arXiv:2605.11178v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural Sheaf Diffusion (NSD) generalizes diffusion-based Graph Neural Networks by replacing scalar graph Laplacians with sheaf Laplacians whose learned

Overtrained, Not Misaligned

arXiv:2605.12199v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Emergent misalignment (EM), where fine-tuning on a narrow task (like insecure code) causes broad misalignment across unrelated domains, was first demons

Overview of the MedHopQA track at BioCreative IX: track description, participation and evaluation of systems for multi-hop medical question answering

arXiv:2605.12313v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-hop question answering (QA) remains a significant challenge in the biomedical domain, requiring systems to integrate information across multiple s

PairDropGS: Paired Dropout-Induced Consistency Regularization for Sparse-View Gaussian Splatting

arXiv:2605.12072v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dropout-based sparse-view 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) methods alleviate overfitting by randomly suppressing Gaussian primitives during training. Existi

Parabolic Position Encoding: Vision-Centric, Principled, Extrapolatable, General

arXiv:2602.01418v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose Parabolic Position Encoding (PaPE), a parabola-based position encoding for vision modalities in attention-based architectures. Given a se

Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of Pre-Trained Vision Foundation Models for Active and Passive Seismic Data Denoising

arXiv:2605.10953v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The demand for high-resolution subsurface imaging and continuous Earth monitoring has driven rapid growth in active and passive seismic data from dens

Partial Model Sharing Improves Byzantine Resilience in Federated Conformal Prediction

arXiv:2605.11684v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose a Byzantine-resilient federated conformal prediction (FCP) method that leverages partial model sharing, where only a subset of model paramete

Partition Tree: Conditional Density Estimation over General Outcome Spaces

arXiv:2602.04042v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose Partition Tree, a novel tree-based framework for conditional density estimation over general outcome spaces that supports both continuous

Patterns behind Chaos: Forecasting Data Movement for Efficient Large-Scale MoE LLM Inference

arXiv:2510.05497v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently become the frontier open-weight models, achieving remarkable m

PD-4DGS:Progressive Decomposition of 4D Gaussian Splatting for Bandwidth-Adaptive Dynamic Scene Streaming

arXiv:2605.11427v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) enables high-quality dynamic novel view synthesis, yet current models remain monolithic bitstreams that clients must downlo

PENEX: AdaBoost-Inspired Neural Network Regularization

arXiv:2510.02107v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AdaBoost sequentially fits so-called weak learners to minimize an exponential loss, which penalizes misclassified data points more severely than oth

Persona-Conditioned Adversarial Prompting: Multi-Identity Red-Teaming for Adversarial Discovery and Mitigation

arXiv:2605.11730v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated red-teaming for LLMs often discovers narrow attack slices, missing diverse real-world threats, and yielding insufficient data for safety fine-

Tutorials

PG-3DGS: Optimizing 3D Gaussian Splatting to Satisfy Physics Objectives

arXiv:2605.11266v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in Gaussian Splatting have enabled fast, high-fidelity 3D scene generation, yet these methods remain purely visual and lack an understan

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

Physics Aware Neural Networks: Denoising for Magnetic Navigation

arXiv:2602.13690v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Magnetic-anomaly navigation, leveraging small-scale variations in the Earth's magnetic field, is a promising alternative when GPS is unavailable or

Physics-Informed Graph Neural Networks for Frequency-Aware Optical Aberration Correction

arXiv:2512.05683v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Optical aberrations significantly degrade image quality in microscopy, particularly when imaging deeper into samples. These aberrations arise from d

Local Ai

Physics-Informed Teacher-Student Ensemble Learning for Traffic State Estimation with a Varying Speed Limit Scenario

arXiv:2605.11346v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physics-informed deep learning (PIDL) neural networks have shown their capability as a useful instrument for transportation practitioners in utilizing t

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Picasso: Holistic Scene Reconstruction with Physics-Constrained Sampling

arXiv:2602.08058v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In the presence of occlusions and measurement noise, geometrically accurate scene reconstructions -- which fit the sensor data -- can still be physi

Pion: A Spectrum-Preserving Optimizer via Orthogonal Equivalence Transformation

arXiv:2605.12492v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce Pion, a spectrum-preserving optimizer for large language model (LLM) training based on orthogonal equivalence transformation. Unlike additi

Agents

PIVOT: Bridging Planning and Execution in LLM Agents via Trajectory Refinement

arXiv:2605.11225v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM)-based agents frequently generate seemingly coherent plans that fail upon execution due to infeasible actions, constraint vi

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

PointCaM: Cut-and-Mix for Open-Set Point Cloud Learning

arXiv:2212.02011v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Point cloud learning is receiving increasing attention. However, most existing point cloud models lack the practical ability to deal with the unavoi

Agents

PointForward: Feedforward Driving Reconstruction through Point-Aligned Representations

arXiv:2605.11594v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-fidelity reconstruction of driving scenes is crucial for autonomous driving. While recent feedforward 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) methods enable f

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

PointGS: Semantic-Consistent Unsupervised 3D Point Cloud Segmentation with 3D Gaussian Splatting

arXiv:2605.11520v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unsupervised point cloud segmentation is critical for embodied artificial intelligence and autonomous driving, as it mitigates the prohibitive cost of d

POP: Prior-Fitted First-Order Optimization Policies

arXiv:2602.15473v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Gradient-based optimizers are highly sensitive to design choices in their adaptive learning rate mechanisms. To address this limitation, we introduc

PoseBridge: Bridging the Skeletonization Gap for Zero-Shot Skeleton-Based Action Recognition

arXiv:2605.11497v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Zero-shot skeleton-based action recognition (ZSSAR) is typically treated as a skeleton-text alignment problem: encode joint-coordinate sequences, align

Local Ai

PoseCompass: Intelligent Synthetic Pose Selection for Visual Localization

arXiv:2605.12144v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In visual localization, Absolute Pose Regression (APR) enables real-time 6-DoF camera pose inference from single images, yet critically depends on fine-

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

Position: Universal Aesthetic Alignment Narrows Artistic Expression

arXiv:2512.11883v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Over-aligning image generation models to a generalized aesthetic preference conflicts with user intent, particularly when 'anti-aesthetic' out

Post-ADC Inference: Valid Inference After Active Data Collection

arXiv:2605.11511v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The validity of statistical inference depends critically on how data are collected. When data gathered through active data collection (ADC) are reused

Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces

arXiv:2605.11652v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study posterior contraction rates for sparse Bayesian Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (KANs) over anisotropic Besov spaces, providing a statistical foun

Agents

Predicting Decisions of AI Agents from Limited Interaction through Text-Tabular Modeling

arXiv:2605.12411v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI agents negotiate and transact in natural language with unfamiliar counterparts: a buyer bot facing an unknown seller, or a procurement assistant ne

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Predicting Disagreement with Human Raters in LLM-as-a-Judge Difficulty Assessment without Using Generation-Time Probability Signals

arXiv:2605.12422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic generation of educational materials using large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly common, but assigning difficulty levels to suc

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Predicting Psychological Well-Being from Spontaneous Speech using LLMs

arXiv:2605.11303v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for zero-shot prediction of Ryff Psychological Well-Being (PWB) scores from spontaneous speech. U

Predictive Maps of Multi-Agent Reasoning: A Successor-Representation Spectrum for LLM Communication Topologies

arXiv:2605.11453v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Practitioners deploying multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems must currently choose between communication topologies such as chain, star, mes

Premover: Fast Vision-Language-Action Control by Acting Before Instructions Are Complete

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2605.12160v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies are typically evaluated as if the user had finished typing or speaking before the robot begins acting. In real dep

PreScam: A Benchmark for Predicting Scam Progression from Early Conversations

arXiv:2605.12243v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conversational scams, such as romance and investment scams, are emerging as a major form of online fraud. Unlike one-shot scam lures such as fake lotter

PresentAgent-2: Towards Generalist Multimodal Presentation Agents

arXiv:2605.11363v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Presentation generation is moving beyond static slide creation toward end-to-end presentation video generation with research grounding, multimodal med