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Learning the Preferences of a Learning Agent

arXiv:2605.09217v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For AI systems to be useful to humans, they must understand and act in accordance with our values and preferences. Since specifying preferences is a har

Learning Theory of Transformers: Local-to-Global Approximation via Softmax Partition of Unity

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DGX agent

arXiv:2605.08811v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper investigates the learning theory of Transformer networks for regression tasks on the compact Euclidean domain [0,1]^d and d-dimensional com

researcharxiv-cs-lg

12 May 2026

Learning to Align Generative Appearance Priors for Fine-grained Image Retrieval

arXiv:2605.09859v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fine-grained image retrieval (FGIR) typically relies on supervision from seen categories to learn discriminative embeddings for retrieving unseen catego

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Learning to Bid with Unknown Private Values in Budget-Constrained First-Price Auctions

arXiv:2605.09448v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The transition to First-Price Auctions (FPA) in digital advertising has spurred significant research, yet existing work typically assumes access to a va

Learning to Compress Time-to-Control: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Chronic Disease Management

arXiv:2605.09818v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) in healthcare has had mixed results, with reward sparsity, unreliable off-policy evaluation, and deployment-simulation gap a

Learning to Explore: Scaling Agentic Reasoning via Exploration-Aware Policy Optimization

arXiv:2605.08978v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advancements in agentic test-time scaling allow models to gather environmental feedback before committing to final actions. A key limitation of e

Tutorials

Learning to Learn the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram using Physics-Informed and meta Machine Learning techniques

arXiv:2508.14137v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram is a popular tool used to describe traffic dynamics in an aggregated way, with applications ranging from traffic

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Learning to Perceive 'Where': Spatial Pretext Tasks for Robust Self-Supervised Learning

arXiv:2605.09963v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing self-supervised learning (SSL) methods primarily learn object-invariant representations but often neglect the spatial structure and relationshi

Learning to Sparsify Stochastic Linear Bandits

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.10151v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of learning to sparsify stochastic linear bandits, where a decision-maker sequentially selects actions from a high-dime

Learning to Stay Safe: Adaptive Regularization Against Safety Degradation during Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2602.17546v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Instruction-following language models are trained to be helpful and safe, yet their safety behavior can deteriorate under benign fine-tuning and wor

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Tutorials

Learning Unified Representations of Normalcy for Time Series Anomaly Detection

arXiv:2605.09685v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The core challenge in unsupervised anomaly detection is identifying abnormal patterns without prior knowledge of their characteristics. While existing

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Learning When to Jump for Off-road Navigation

arXiv:2602.00877v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Low speed does not always guarantee safety in off-road driving. For instance, crossing a ditch may be risky at a low speed due to the risk of gettin

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Learning When to Stop: Selective Imitation Learning Under Arbitrary Dynamics Shift

arXiv:2605.09183v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Behavior cloning provides strong imitation learning guarantees when training and test environments share the same dynamics. However, in many deployment

Learning When to Trust LLM Priors: A Validated Framework for Semantic Prior Integration

arXiv:2601.21410v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) encode rich semantic knowledge that can be useful for supervised learning, but their outputs are unreliable as st

Lecture Notes on Statistical Physics and Neural Networks

arXiv:2605.06394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: These lecture notes introduce some topics of classical statistical physics, particularly those that are relevant for neural networks and deep learning

LegalCiteBench: Evaluating Citation Reliability in Legal Language Models

arXiv:2605.10186v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into legal drafting and research workflows, where incorrect citations or fabricated precedent

LENS: LLM-Enabled Narrative Synthesis for Mental Health by Aligning Multimodal Sensing with Language Models

arXiv:2512.23025v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal health sensing offers rich behavioral signals for assessing mental health, yet translating these numerical time-series measurements

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Less Diverse, Less Safe: The Indirect But Pervasive Risk of Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models

arXiv:2510.08592v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves LLM reasoning by exploring multiple candidate responses and then operating over this set to find the best out

Less is More: Towards Simple Graph Contrastive Learning

arXiv:2509.25742v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has shown strong promise for unsupervised graph representation learning, yet its effectiveness on heterophilic grap

Less Redundancy: Boosting Practicality of Vision Language Model in Walking Assistants

arXiv:2508.16070v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Approximately 283 million people worldwide live with visual impairments, motivating increasing research into leveraging Visual Language Models (VLMs

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Let the Target Select for Itself: Data Selection via Target-Aligned Paths

arXiv:2605.09404v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Targeted data selection aims to identify training samples from a large candidate pool that improve performance on a specific downstream task. Many rec

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Hardware

Leveraging LLMs to Automate Energy-Aware Refactoring of Parallel Scientific Codes

arXiv:2505.02184v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for generating parallel scientific codes, with a primary focus on generating functionally correct

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

LEVI: Stronger Search Architectures Can Substitute for Larger LLMs in Evolutionary Search

arXiv:2605.09764v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-guided evolutionary methods such as AlphaEvolve have proven effective in domains like math, systems research, and algorithmic discovery, but their

LightAVSeg: Lightweight Audio-Visual Segmentation

arXiv:2605.08805v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Audio-Visual Segmentation (AVS) targets pixel level localization of sounding emitting objects in videos. However, existing models rely on dense cross-mo

Likelihood scoring for continuations of mathematical text: a self-supervised benchmark with tests for shortcut vulnerabilities

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.10810v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce an automatically generated benchmark for predicting hidden text in technical papers. A paper supplies visible context X and a hidden contin

LiLAW: Lightweight Learnable Adaptive Weighting to Learn Sample Difficulty & Improve Noisy Training

arXiv:2509.20786v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Training deep neural networks with noise and data heterogeneity is a major challenge. We introduce Lightweight Learnable Adaptive Weighting (LiLAW),

LILO: Bayesian Optimization with Natural Language Feedback

arXiv:2510.17671v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Many real-world optimization problems are guided by complex, subjective preferences that are difficult to express as explicit closed-form obje

LimeCross: Context-Conditioned Layered Image Editing with Structural Consistency

arXiv:2605.10319v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Layered image assets are widely used in real-world creative workflows, enabling non-destructive iteration and flexible re-composition. Recent advances i

Liouville PDE-based sliced-Wasserstein flow

arXiv:2505.17204v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The sliced Wasserstein flow (SWF), a nonparametric and implicit generative gradient flow, is transformed into a Liouville partial differential

LiteMedCoT-VL: Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for Medical Visual Question Answering

arXiv:2605.09384v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The reasoning gap between large and compact vision-language models (VLMs) limits the deployment of medical AI on portable clinical devices. Compact VL

LITMUS: Benchmarking Behavioral Jailbreaks of LLM Agents in Real OS Environments

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.10779v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid proliferation of LLM-based autonomous agents in real operating system environments introduces a new category of safety risk beyond content s

LLARS: Enabling Domain Expert & Developer Collaboration for LLM Prompting, Generation and Evaluation

arXiv:2605.10593v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We demonstrate LLARS (LLM Assisted Research System), an open-source platform that bridges the gap between domain experts and developers for building LLM

LLaVA-CKD: Bottom-Up Cascaded Knowledge Distillation for Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2605.10641v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are successful in addressing a multitude of vision-language understanding tasks, such as Visual Question Answering

LLaVA-UHD v4: What Makes Efficient Visual Encoding in MLLMs?

arXiv:2605.08985v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual encoding constitutes a major computational bottleneck in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), especially for high-resolution image inputs. T

LLiMba: Sardinian on a Single GPU -- Adapting a 3B Language Model to a Vanishing Romance Language

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.09015v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sardinian, a Romance language with roughly one million speakers, has minimal presence in modern NLP. Commercial services do not support it, and current

LLM Advertisement based on Neuron Auctions

arXiv:2605.08326v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition into conversational agents, generative advertising emerges as a crucial monetization strategy. However, emb

LLM Agents Already Know When to Call Tools -- Even Without Reasoning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.09252v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool-augmented LLM agents tend to call tools indiscriminately, even when the model can answer directly. Each unnecessary call wastes API fees and latenc

LLM-Agnostic Semantic Representation Attack

arXiv:2605.08898v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly employ alignment techniques to prevent harmful outputs. Despite these safeguards, attackers can circumvent t

Tutorials

LLM-Augmented Chemical Synthesis and Design Decision Programs

arXiv:2505.07027v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Retrosynthesis, the process of breaking down a target molecule into simpler precursors through a series of valid reactions, stands at the core of or

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

LLM-Driven Performance-Space Augmentation for Meta-Learning-Based Algorithm Selection

arXiv:2605.09518v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Meta-learning for algorithm selection relies on a meta-dataset in which each row corresponds to a supervised learning dataset described by meta-features

LLM-FE: Automated Feature Engineering for Tabular Data with LLMs as Evolutionary Optimizers

arXiv:2503.14434v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automated feature engineering plays a critical role in improving predictive model performance for tabular learning tasks. Traditional automate

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Local Ai

LLM-Guided Monte Carlo Tree Search over Knowledge Graphs: Composing Mechanistic Explanations for Drug-Disease Pairs

arXiv:2605.09542v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Extracting multi-step explanations from knowledge graphs poses a combinatorial challenge requiring both heuristic guidance (as candidates proliferate wi

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

LLM-guided Semi-Supervised Approaches for Social Media Crisis Data Classification

arXiv:2605.08448v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Semi-supervised learning approaches have been investigated as a means to enhance the analysis of social media data in disaster management contexts. In t

LLM Jaggedness Unlocks Scientific Creativity

arXiv:2605.10574v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As artificial intelligence advances, models are not improving uniformly. Instead, progress unfolds in a jagged fashion, with capabilities growing uneven

LLM Translation of Compiler Intermediate Representation

arXiv:2605.08247v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: GCC and LLVM underpin much of modern software infrastructure, relying on distinct Intermediate Representations (IRs) to drive optimizations and code g

LLM Wardens: Mitigating Adversarial Persuasion with Third-Party Conversational Oversight

arXiv:2605.08321v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLMs are increasingly capable of persuasion, which raises the question of how to protect users against manipulation. In a preregistered user study (N=

LLM4Branch: Large Language Model for Discovering Efficient Branching Policies of Integer Programs

arXiv:2605.10401v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efficient branching policies are essential for accelerating Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) solvers. Their design has long relied on hand-crafte

Hardware

LLMs for Secure Hardware Design and Related Problems: Opportunities and Challenges

arXiv:2605.10807v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and hardware security is rapidly reshaping the semiconductor i

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg