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Behavior Cue Reasoning: Monitorable Reasoning Improves Efficiency and Safety through Oversight

arXiv:2605.07021v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) poses a challenge for oversight as many misaligned behaviors do not surface until reasoning concludes. To addr

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Agents

Belief Memory: Agent Memory Under Partial Observability

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.05583v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM agents that operate over long context depend on external memory to accumulate knowledge over time. However, existing methods typically store eac

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

11 May 2026

Bellman Calibration for V-Learning in Offline Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2512.23694v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliable long-horizon value prediction is difficult in offline reinforcement learning because fitted value methods combine bootstrapping, func

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Benchmarked Yet Not Measured -- Generative AI Should be Evaluated Against Real-World Utility

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.06856v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative AI systems achieve impressive performance on standard benchmarks yet fail to deliver real-world utility, a disconnect we identify across 28

Benchmarking EngGPT2-16B-A3B against Comparable Italian and International Open-source LLMs

arXiv:2605.07731v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This report benchmarks the performance of ENGINEERING Ingegneria Informatica S.p.A.'s EngGPT2MoE-16B-A3B LLM, a 16B parameter Mixture of Experts (MoE)

Benchmarking Foundation Models for Renal Lesion Stratification in CT

arXiv:2605.07749v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid proliferation of open-source medical foundation models (FMs) raises a practical question: how well do their pre-trained representations transf

Benchmarking World-Model Learning with Environment-Level Queries

arXiv:2510.19788v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: World models are central to building AI agents capable of flexible reasoning and planning. Yet current evaluations (i) test only properties measurab

Better Protein Function Prediction by Modeling Survivorship Bias

arXiv:2605.06879v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Protein sequence data from nature exhibits survivorship bias: we only observe data from those organisms that survive and reproduce, while non-functional

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Beyond Confidence: Rethinking Self-Assessments for Performance Prediction in LLMs

arXiv:2605.07806v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in settings where reliable self-assessment is critical. Assessing model reliability has evolved fro

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Beyond Defenses: Manifold-Aligned Regularization for Intrinsic 3D Point Cloud Robustness

arXiv:2605.07590v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite extensive progress in point cloud robustness, existing methods primarily improve performance through augmentation or defense mechanisms, while o

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Beyond Distribution Estimation: Simplex Anchored Structural Inference Towards Universal Semi-Supervised Learning

arXiv:2605.07557v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Semi-supervised learning faces significant challenges in realistic scenarios where labeled data is scarce and unlabeled data follows unknown, arbitrary

Beyond Factor Aggregation: Gauge-Aware Low-Rank Server Representations for Federated LoRA

arXiv:2605.06733v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated LoRA enables parameter-efficient adaptation of large language models under decentralized data and limited client resources.However, directly

Beyond Factual Accuracy: Evaluating Global Reasoning Integrity in RAG Systems with LogicScore

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2601.15050v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current evaluation methods for Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) suffer from extit{factual myopia}: they relentlessly emphasize factual accuracy

Beyond GSD-as-Token: Continuous Scale Conditioning for Remote Sensing VLMs

arXiv:2605.07562v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Remote sensing vision-language models (RS-VLMs) face a fundamental mismatch with natural-image counterparts: the same geographic object exhibits radical

Beyond 'I cannot fulfill this request': Alleviating Rigid Rejection in LLMs via Label Enhancement

arXiv:2605.07883v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on safety alignment to obey safe requests while refusing harmful ones. However, traditional refusal mechanisms often l

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Beyond Linear Attention: Softmax Transformers Implement In-Context Reinforcement Learning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.07333v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) studies agents that, after pretraining, adapt to new tasks by conditioning on additional context without parame

Beyond LoRA vs. Full Fine-Tuning: Gradient-Guided Optimizer Routing for LLM Adaptation

arXiv:2605.07111v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent literature on fine-tuning Large Language Models highlights a fundamental debate. While Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) provides the representational pla

Beyond Pairs: Your Language Model is Secretly Optimizing a Preference Graph

arXiv:2605.08037v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) aligns language models using pairwise preference comparisons, offering a simple and effective alternative to Rein

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Beyond Reasoning: Reinforcement Learning Unlocks Parametric Knowledge in LLMs

arXiv:2605.07153v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in LLM reasoning, but whether it can also improve direct recall of parametric knowledge rema

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Beyond Retrieval: A Multitask Benchmark and Model for Code Search

arXiv:2605.04615v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Code search has usually been evaluated as first-stage retrieval, even though production systems rely on broader pipelines with reranking and d

Applications

Beyond Single Ground Truth: Reference Monism as Epistemic Injustice in ASR Evaluation

arXiv:2605.07084v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic speech recognition (ASR) evaluation compares system output to ground truth transcripts, with Word Error Rate (WER) quantifying the distance be

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

Beyond State-Wise Mirror Descent: Offline Policy Optimization with Parametric Policies

arXiv:2602.23811v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We investigate the theoretical aspects of offline reinforcement learning (RL) under general function approximation. While prior works (e.g., X

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Beyond the Black Box: Interpretability of Agentic AI Tool Use

arXiv:2605.06890v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents are promising for high-stakes enterprise workflows, but dependable deployment remains limited because tool-use failures are difficult to diagn

Tutorials

Beyond the Wrapper: Identifying Artifact Reliance in Static Malware Classifiers using TRUSTEE

arXiv:2605.07034v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern cybersecurity relies heavily on static machine-learning-based malware classifiers. However, transformations such as packing and other non-seman

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

BGM-IV: an AI-powered Bayesian generative modeling approach for instrumental variable analysis

arXiv:2605.07029v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Instrumental-variable (IV) regression enables causal estimation under endogeneity, but modern IV problems often involve nonlinear structural effects a

Bi3: A Biplatform, Bicultural, Biperson Dataset for Social Robot Navigation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ro

arXiv:2605.06863v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We contribute Bi3, a dataset of social robot navigation among groups of people in a constrained lab space. Compared to prior data collection efforts for

Bias and Uncertainty in LLM-as-a-Judge Estimation

arXiv:2605.06939v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation has become a standard tool for assessing base model performance. However, characterizing performance via the naive estimator,

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

Tutorials

Bifurcation Models: Learning Set-Valued Solution Maps with Weight-Tied Dynamics

arXiv:2605.07277v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many scientific and combinatorial problems admit multiple correct solutions, not a single label. Standard supervised learning resolves this ambiguity

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

Bilevel Graph Structure Learning, Revisited: Inner-Channel Origins of the Reported Gain

arXiv:2605.07577v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bilevel graph structure learning is widely understood to improve graph neural networks by jointly optimizing model parameters and a learned graph struct

BioProVLA-Agent: An Affordable, Protocol-Driven, Vision-Enhanced VLA-Enabled Embodied Multi-Agent System with Closed-Loop-Capable Reasoning for Biological Laboratory Manipulation

arXiv:2605.07306v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Biological laboratory automation can reduce repetitive manual work and improve reproducibility, but reliable embodied execution in wet-lab environment

bispectrum: Selective G-Bispectra Made Practical

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.07270v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many machine learning tasks are invariant under the action of a group G of transformations: signal classification can be invariant under translations, i

Black-box model classification under the discriminative factorization

arXiv:2605.07878v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Access to modern generative systems is often restricted to querying an API (the ``black-box' setting) and many properties of the system are unknown to t

Bloom Filter Encoding for Machine Learning

arXiv:2512.19991v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present a method that uses a Bloom filter transform to preprocess data for machine learning. Each sample is encoded into a compact bit-array repr

Agents

Bluetooth Phased-array Aided Inertial Navigation Using Factor Graphs: Experimental Verification

arXiv:2602.17407v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Phased-array Bluetooth systems have emerged as a low-cost alternative for performing aided inertial navigation in GNSS-denied use cases such a

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

BoHA: Blockwise Hadamard Product Adaptation for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2509.21637v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of large language models trains a small task-specific parameter set while keeping the pretrained model frozen

Bounded Fitting for Expressive Description Logics

arXiv:2605.07452v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bounded fitting is an attractive paradigm for learning logical formulas from labeled data examples that offers PAC-style generalization guarantees and c

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Breaking QAOA's Fixed Target Hamiltonian Barrier: A Fully Connected Quantum Boltzmann Machine via Bilevel Optimization

arXiv:2605.07473v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: To overcome the limitations of classical partially connected Boltzmann machines and mainstream quantum Boltzmann machines (QBMs), this work extends th

Breaking Spatial Uniformity: Prior-Guided Mamba with Radial Serialization for Lens Flare Removal

arXiv:2605.07650v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Lens flares, caused by complex optical aberrations, severely degrade image quality especially in nighttime photography. Although recent restoration meth

Breaking the Illusion: When Positive Meets Negative in Multimodal Decoding

arXiv:2605.06679v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are frequently undermined by object hallucination, generating content that contradicts visual reality, due to an over-reli

Agents

BrickCraft: Visuomotor Skill Composition with Situated Manual Guidance for Long-Horizon Interlocking Brick Assembly

arXiv:2605.07605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous robotic assembly of interlocking bricks demands seamless integration of long-horizon task reasoning, spatial grounding, and fine-grained mani

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

BRIDGE: Background Routing and Isolated Discrete Gating for Coarse-Mask Local Editing

arXiv:2605.07846v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Coarse-mask local image editing asks a model to modify a user-indicated region while preserving the surrounding scene. In practice, however, rough masks

Bridging Textual Profiles and Latent User Embeddings for Personalization

arXiv:2605.06981v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personalized systems rely on user representations to connect behavioral history with downstream recommendation applications. Existing methods typicall

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Bridging the Last Mile of Circuit Design: PostEDA-Bench, a Hierarchical Benchmark for PPA Convergence and DRC Fixing

arXiv:2605.06936v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-based agents are increasingly applied to the 'last mile' of Electronic Design Automation (EDA): repairing residual sign-off Design Rule Check (DRC

Tutorials

Bringing Multimodal Large Language Models to Infrared-Visible Image Fusion Quality Assessment

arXiv:2605.06969v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Infrared-Visible image fusion (IVIF) aims to integrate thermal information and detailed spatial structures into a single fused image to enhance percepti

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cv

CA-SQL: Complexity-Aware Inference Time Reasoning for Text-to-SQL via Exploration and Compute Budget Allocation

arXiv:2605.08057v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While recent advancements in inference-time learning have improved LLM reasoning on Text-to-SQL tasks, current solutions still struggle to perform wel

CalexNet: Soft Cascade-Aligned Training and Calibration for Lightweight Early-Exit Branches

arXiv:2509.08318v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Early-exit cascades over a frozen convolutional backbone enable adaptive inference but suffer from three sources of train-inference mismatch: branch

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Can Agents Price a Reaction? Evaluating LLMs on Chemical Cost Reasoning

arXiv:2605.07251v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable as tool-using agents, with benchmarks spanning diverse general agentic tasks. Yet rigorous

Can David Beat Goliath? On Multi-Hop Reasoning with Resource-Constrained Agents

arXiv:2601.21699v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-turn reasoning agents solve complex questions by decomposing them into intermediate retrieval or tool-use steps, for accumulating supporting e

safetyarxiv-cs-cl