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PhysicianBench: Evaluating LLM Agents in Real-World EHR Environments

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

arXiv:2605.02240v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce PhysicianBench, a benchmark for evaluating LLM agents on physician tasks grounded in real clinical setting within electronic health record

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PIIGuard: Mitigating PII Harvesting under Adversarial Sanitization

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.03129v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Browsing-enabled LLM assistants can fetch webpages and answer contact-seeking queries, creating a practical channel for scraping contact-style persona

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

6 May 2026

PODiff: Latent Diffusion in Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Space for Scientific Super-Resolution

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.03399v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Probabilistic super-resolution of high-dimensional spatial fields using diffusion models is often computationally prohibitive due to the cost of operati

Poly-EPO: Training Exploratory Reasoning Models

arXiv:2604.17654v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Exploration is a cornerstone of learning from experience: it enables agents to find solutions to complex problems, generalize to novel ones, and sca

Population-Aware Imitation Learning in Mean-field Games with Common Noise

arXiv:2605.03357v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mean Field Games (MFGs) provide a powerful framework for modeling the collective behavior of large populations of interacting agents. In this paper, we

Pose Tracking with a Foundation Pose Model and an Ensemble Directional Kalman Filter

arXiv:2605.03105v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper introduces the ensemble directional Kalman filter (EnDKF), an ensemble-based Kalman filtering approach for pose tracking that jointly estimat

Position: How can Graphs Help Large Language Models?

arXiv:2605.02452v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), classic graph learning tasks have greatly benefited from LLMs, including improved encoding o

Position: LLM Serving Needs Mathematical Optimization and Algorithmic Foundations, Not Just Heuristics

arXiv:2605.01280v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This position paper argues that LLM inference serving has outgrown generic heuristics and now demands mathematical optimization and algorithmic founda

Position: Safety and Fairness in Agentic AI Depend on Interaction Topology, Not on Model Scale or Alignment

arXiv:2605.01147v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As large language models are increasingly deployed as interacting agents in high-stakes decisions, the AI safety community assumes that safety propertie

(POSTER) From Sensors to Insight: Rapid, Edge-to-Core Application Development for Sensor-Driven Applications

arXiv:2605.02844v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientists increasingly rely on sensor-based data; however transforming raw streams into insights across the edge-to-cloud continuum remains difficult

Posterior-First Neural PDE Simulation: Inferring Hidden Problem State from a Single Field

arXiv:2605.03247v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural PDE simulators often receive only a single observed field at deployment. In this setting, a field-to-future predictor can collapse distinct laten

Power-Softmax: Towards Secure LLM Inference over Encrypted Data

arXiv:2410.09457v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern cryptographic methods for implementing privacy-preserving LLMs such as gls{HE} require the LLMs to have a polynomial form. Forming such a rep

Practical Limits of Autonomous Test Repair: A Multi-Agent Case Study with LLM-Driven Discovery and Self-Correction

arXiv:2605.01471v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Maintaining reliable UI test suites in large-scale enterprise applications is a persistent and costly challenge. We present an industrial case study o

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Predicting Euler Characteristics and Constructing Topological Structure Using Machine Learning Techniques

arXiv:2605.02947v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study proposes a novel approach to extract topological properties, specifically the Euler characteristic, from input images using neural networks w

Predicting missing values: A good idea?

arXiv:2605.03733v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is a key objective in machine learning and is commonly used for imputing missing values. While this approach p

Prediction horizon shapes representations in predictive learning

arXiv:2511.09290v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Predictive learning has emerged as a central paradigm for training models across diverse data domains and is increasingly viewed as a foundation for

Tutorials

Preemptive Solving of Future Problems: Multitask Preplay in Humans and Machines

arXiv:2507.05561v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Humans can pursue a near-infinite variety of tasks, but typically can only pursue a small number at the same time. We hypothesize that humans levera

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Pretrained Model Representations as Acquisition Signals for Active Learning of MLIPs

arXiv:2605.03964v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) for reactive chemistry is often bottlenecked by the high cost of quantum chemical labels and th

PriorNet: Prior-Guided Engagement Estimation from Face Video

arXiv:2605.03615v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Engagement estimation from face video remains challenging because facial evidence is often incomplete, labeled data are limited, and engagement annotati

Tutorials

PRISM-CTG: A Foundation Model for Cardiotocography Analysis with Multi-View SSL

arXiv:2605.02917v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Supervised deep learning models for automated CTG analysis are typically constrained by narrowly curated labelled datasets and limited patient cohorts,

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

Prism: Efficient Test-Time Scaling via Hierarchical Search and Self-Verification for Discrete Diffusion Language Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2602.01842v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Inference-time compute has re-emerged as a practical way to improve LLM reasoning. Most test-time scaling (TTS) algorithms rely on autoregressive de

PrismAgent: Illuminating Harm in Memes via a Zero-Shot Interpretable Multi-Agent Framework

arXiv:2605.02940v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid spread of memes makes harmful content detection increasingly crucial, as effective identification can curb the circulation of misinformation.

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Privacy Preserving Machine Learning Workflow: from Anonymization to Personalized Differential Privacy Budgets in Federated Learning

arXiv:2605.02372v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The growing development of artificial intelligence based solutions, together with privacy legislation, has driven the rise of the so-called privacy pr

PROBE: Probabilistic Occupancy BEV Encoding with Analytical Translation Robustness for 3D Place Recognition

arXiv:2603.05965v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present PROBE (PRobabilistic Occupancy BEV Encoding), a learning-free LiDAR place recognition descriptor that models each BEV cell's occupa

Proteo-R1: Reasoning Foundation Models for De Novo Protein Design

arXiv:2605.02937v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning in de novo protein design has achieved atomic-level fidelity. However, existing models remain largely non-deliberative: they directly synt

Provable Accuracy Collapse in Embedding-Based Representations under Dimensionality Mismatch

arXiv:2605.03346v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Embedding-based representations in Euclidean space R^d are a cornerstone of modern machine learning, where a major goal is to use the smallest dimensi

Pseudo-differential-enhanced physics-informed neural networks

arXiv:2602.14663v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present pseudo-differential enhanced physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), an extension of gradient enhancement but in Fourier space. Gradien

psifx -- Psychological and Social Interactions Feature Extraction Package

arXiv:2407.10266v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: psifx is a plug-and-play multi-modal feature extraction toolkit, aiming to facilitate and democratize the use of state-of-the-art machine learning t

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Quality-Aware Exploration Budget Allocation for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.01865v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires agents to discover joint strategies in a combinatorially large state-action space, yet

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Quantifying the human visual exposome with vision language models

arXiv:2605.03863v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The visual environment is a fundamental yet unquantified determinant of mental health. While the concept of the environmental exposome is well establi

agentsarxiv-cs-cv

Quantum Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning via Variational Quantum Circuits

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2605.03434v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning is one of the most challenging learning paradigms where efficacy and efficiency gains are extremely valuable. Hierarchical reinfo

Quaternion Wavelet-Conditioned Diffusion Models for Image Super-Resolution

arXiv:2505.00334v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Image Super-Resolution is a fundamental problem in computer vision with broad applications spacing from medical imaging to satellite analysis. The a

researcharxiv-cs-cv

RAG over Thinking Traces Can Improve Reasoning Tasks

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.03344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven effective for knowledge-intensive tasks, but is widely believed to offer limited benefit for reasoning

Raising the Ceiling: Better Empirical Fixation Densities for Saliency Benchmarking

arXiv:2605.03885v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Empirical fixation densities, spatial distributions estimated from human eye-tracking data, are foundational to saliency benchmarking. They directly sha

Random test functions, H^{-1} norm equivalence, and stochastic variational physics-informed neural networks

arXiv:2605.03542v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The dual norm characterisation of weak solutions of second-order linear elliptic partial differential equations is mathematically natural but computat

Applications

Rational Communication Shapes Morphological Composition

arXiv:2605.03510v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human languages expand vocabularies by combining existing morphemes rather than inventing arbitrary forms. Communicative efficiency shapes lexical syste

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl

RD-ViT: Recurrent-Depth Vision Transformer for Semantic Segmentation with Reduced Data Dependence Extending the Recurrent-Depth Transformer Architecture to Dense Prediction

arXiv:2605.03999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy but require large training datasets because each layer has unique parameters t

Applications

Re-Key-Free, Risky-Free: Adaptable Model Usage Control

arXiv:2511.18772v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become valuable intellectual property of model owners, due to the substantial resources required for their de

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Real Image Denoising with Knowledge Distillation for High-Performance Mobile NPUs

arXiv:2605.03680v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While deep-learning-based image restoration has achieved unprecedented fidelity, deployment on mobile Neural Processing Units (NPUs) remains bottlenecke

Realizable Bayes-Consistency for General Metric Losses

arXiv:2605.03823v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study strong universal Bayes-consistency in the realizable setting for learning with general metric losses, extending classical characterizations bey

Reasoning-Guided Grounding: Elevating Video Anomaly Detection through Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.02912v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has traditionally been framed as binary classification or outlier detection, providing neither interpretable reasoning nor

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Reasoning Models Can be Accurately Pruned Via Chain-of-Thought Reconstruction

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

arXiv:2509.12464v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reasoning language models such as DeepSeek-R1 produce long chain-of-thought traces during inference time which make them costly to deploy at scale.

ReCode: Reinforcing Code Generation with Reasoning-Process Rewards

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2508.05170v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In practice, rigorous reasoning is often a key driver of correct code, while Reinforcement Learning (RL) for code generation often neglects op

Local Ai

Refining Compositional Diffusion for Reliable Long-Horizon Planning

arXiv:2605.03075v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Compositional diffusion planning generates long-horizon trajectories by stitching together overlapping short-horizon segments through score compositio

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Reinforcement Learning Trained Observer Control for Bearings-Only Tracking

arXiv:2605.02120v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper develops a deep reinforcement learning based observer control policy for autonomous bearings-only tracking of a moving target. The observer m

ReLeaf: Benchmarking Leaf Segmentation across Domains and Species

arXiv:2605.03784v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rising global food demand and growing climate pressure increase the need for sustainable, precise agricultural practices. Automated, individualized plan

Reliable AI Needs to Externalize Implicit Knowledge: A Human-AI Collaboration Perspective

arXiv:2605.02010v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This position paper argues that reliable AI requires infrastructure for human validation of implicit knowledge. AI learns from both explicit knowledge (

Reproducing Complex Set-Compositional Information Retrieval

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2605.03824v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Complex information needs may involve set-compositional queries using conjunction, disjunction, and exclusion, yet it remains unclear whether current re