Knowledge catalogue
Training a single LLM agent jointly across diverse interactive environments has attracted increasing attention as a route to generalist agents. Existing curriculum and data-selection strategies often
Designed artifacts are ontological, shaping, and at times limiting, what becomes possible or imaginable. One path toward mitigating such foreclosures is giving people power over how systems are design
Multilingual self-supervised speech models can benefit from sharing information across languages, but under a matched total pretraining data budget they still fall short of monolingual models. We show
The common paradigm of reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is to let agents make multiple attempts at a task, and optimize towards the successful ones. This becomes problematic in th
When language models reason in chain-of-thought or exchange free-text intermediates, they serialize structured information into natural language. How much tree-structured compositional content survive
In this paper, we study federated optimization for solving stochastic variational inequalities (VIs), a problem that has attracted growing attention in recent years. Despite substantial progress, a si
System-wide Dictation on Apple devices runs entirely on-device, and the speech it transcribes reaches the foundation model through a tokenizer: an encoder that maps short windows of waveform onto the
Enterprise data lakes accumulate tables faster than human stewards can document or classify them, leaving columns with missing descriptions and unassigned governance labels. This documentation debt un
Discrete flow matching generates text by iteratively transforming noise tokens into coherent language, but may require hundreds of forward passes. Distillation uses the multi-step trajectory to train
Evaluating video captioning remains a critical challenge for Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs). Existing metrics primarily rely on matching generated text against ground-truth references. This para
Designing effective reward signals for open-domain question answering is challenging because high-quality responses must simultaneously satisfy multiple aspects of answer quality that are difficult to
Recent advancements in large language models have intensified the need for efficient and deployable models within limited inference budgets. Structured pruning pipelines have shown promise in token ef
High-fidelity image-to-3D generation requires a 3D representation that captures both geometry and appearance. To support relighting and integration into standard rendering pipelines, the representatio
Supervised fine-tuning on teacher-generated trajectories is the standard first stage for distilling tool-calling capabilities into deployable models. Post-training pipelines that drive shipped tool-ca
Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a wide range of human-like behaviors, from expressing thoughts and emotions, to engaging in relationship-building with users, to refusing requests and maintaining
Modern AI agents increasingly rely on search infrastructure to execute complex, neuro-symbolic reasoning workflows. These workflows often compile into deeply nested, non-monotonic Boolean queries over
Kernel-based optimal transport (OT) estimators offer an alternative, functional estimation procedure to address OT problems from samples. Recent works suggest that these estimators are more statistica
Machine learning techniques in multi-view settings face significant challenges, particularly when integrating heterogeneous data, aligning feature spaces, and managing view-specific biases. These issu
As concerns around data privacy in machine learning grow, the ability to unlearn, or remove, specific data points from trained models becomes increasingly important. While state of the art unlearning
Modern Large Language Models achieve impressive reasoning capabilities with long Chain of Thoughts, but they incur substantial computational cost during inference, and this motivates techniques to imp
Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a broad range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including document processing and code generation. Autoregressive L
Continuous diffusion and flow matching models could represent a powerful alternative to autoregressive approaches for language modelling (LM), as they unlock a host of advantages currently reserved fo
Large language models (LLMs) with integrated search tools show strong promise in open-domain question answering (QA), yet they often struggle to produce complete answer set to complex questions such a
The quality of open-weight language models has dramatically improved in recent years. Sharing weights greatly facilitates model adoption by enabling their use across diverse hardware and software plat
Preference alignment has become a crucial component in enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its impact in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains comparatively under
Siri Expressive Voices synthesize rich, configurable speech in real time and entirely on device, powered by AFM 3 Core Advanced, Apple’s most powerful on-device foundation model. This work presents th
Systematic failures of vision models on semantically coherent subsets, known as error slices, reveal limitations in robustness and evaluation. Existing slice discovery approaches largely model slices
Long-horizon execution in Large Language Models (LLMs) remains unstable even when high-level strategies are provided. Evaluating on controlled algorithmic puzzles, we demonstrate that while decomposit
Recent diffusion models enable high-quality video generation, but suffer from slow runtimes. The large transformer-based backbones used in these models are bottlenecked by spatiotemporal attention. In
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but still suffers from long contexts and disjoint retrieval–generation optimization. In this work, we
Visual generative models (e.g., diffusion models) typically operate in compressed latent spaces to balance training efficiency and sample quality. In parallel, there has been growing interest in lever
Apple Music serves listeners across 150+ storefronts in dozens of languages, with a catalog that grows by hundreds of thousands of new tracks daily. At this scale, search recall on misspelled, transli
Proactive agents that anticipate user needs and autonomously execute tasks hold great promise as digital assistants, yet the lack of realistic user simulation frameworks hinders their development. Exi
This paper was accepted at the AI4TCI (Workshop on AI for Secure and Trustworthy Critical Infrastructure Systems) Workshop at the International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (AR
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently shown strong performance in visual understanding, yet they often lack temporal awareness, particularly in egocentric settings where reasoning dep
Long-context handling remains a core challenge for language models: even with extended context windows, models often fail to reliably extract, reason over, and use the information across long contexts
On-policy distillation offers dense, per-token supervision for training reasoning models; however, it remains unclear under which conditions this signal is beneficial and under which it is detrimental
While large language models (LLMs) and coding agents are often applied to user interface (UI) development, developers find it difficult to reliably assess their proficiency in visual and interaction d
Recent breakthroughs in instruction-based image editing have captured significant attention, as models are now capable of handling real-world editing demands with the practicality required by everyday
This study focuses on Text-to-Sounding-Video (T2SV) generation, which aims to generate a video with synchronized audio from text, with both modalities aligned to the text conditions. Despite progress
The web is complex, open-ended, and constantly changing, making it challenging to scale training data for visual web agents. Existing data collection attempts remain limited to offline trajectories fo
Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures route each token through a subset of experts at each layer independently. We propose viewing MoE computation through the lens of expert paths—the sequence
Language models play a central role in automatic speech recognition (ASR), yet most methods rely on text-only models unaware of ASR error patterns. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been app
We address the fundamental incompatibility of attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models with long-form acoustic encodings. AED models trained on segmented utterances learn to encode absolute frame
Safety policies define what constitutes safe and unsafe AI outputs, guiding data annotation and model development. However, annotation disagreement is pervasive and can stem from multiple sources such
Maximum inner product search (MIPS) is a crucial subroutine in machine learning, requiring the identification of a vector taken within a database (the keys) that best aligns with a given query. We pro
The problem of domain generalization concerns learning predictive models that are robust to distribution shifts when deployed in new, previously unseen environments. Existing methods typically require
Large language models can exhibit emergent reasoning behaviors, often manifested as recurring lexical patterns (e.g., “wait,” indicating verification). However, complex reasoning trajectories remain s
Diffusion (Large) Language Models (dLLMs) now match the downstream performance of their autoregressive counterparts on many tasks, while holding the promise of being more efficient during inference. O
Understanding how transformer components operate in LLMs is important, as it is at the core of recent technological advances in artificial intelligence. In this work, we revisit the challenges associa
Multi-agent LLM systems are increasingly deployed as autonomous collaborators, where agents interact freely rather than execute fixed, pre-specified workflows. In such settings, effective coordination
Reinforcement learning (RL) finetuning has become a key technique for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on reasoning-intensive tasks, motivating its extension to vision language models (VLMs). Wh
Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to purely autoregressive language models because they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, state-of-the-art
When annotators disagree on a label, the disagreement itself carries signal—and the number of annotators needed to capture it depends on the evaluation metric. We fine-tune NLI models on label distrib
Our next generation of Apple Intelligence is centered around our users, integrated deeply into our operating systems, and powered by a bold new architecture with privacy at its core. At the heart of t
CVPR 2026 is a major international conference on computer vision and pattern recognition organized by IEEE and the Computer Vision Foundation, where Apple presents its latest machine learning research
Streaming vision-language models (VLMs) continuously generate responses given an instruction prompt and an online stream of input frames. This is a core mechanism for real-time visual assistants. Exis
At Apple, we believe privacy is a fundamental human right. As AI capabilities increase and become more integrated into people’s daily lives, advancing research in privacy-preserving techniques is incr
Current critic-less RLHF methods aggregate multi-objective rewards via an arithmetic mean, leaving them vulnerable to constraint neglect: high-magnitude success in one objective can numerically offset
We introduce a framework for learning latent representations of 4D objects which are descriptive, faithfully capturing object geometry and appearance; compressive, aiding in downstream efficiency; and