Convergence-Aware Pareto Selection of Covariate Scaling Transformations for Markov Deterioration Hazard Models: Evidence from Bridge Inspection Data

arXiv:2609.31786v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Maximum likelihood estimation of Markov deterioration hazard models for infrastructure asset management is sensitive to the numerical conditioning of explanatory covariates, yet production pipelines often adopt a single scaling convention without systematic justification. We study four covariate scaling transformations---baseline max scaling, min-max scaling, z-score scaling, and Box-Cox transformation with a training-derived positivity shift---applied to an Exponential Hazard Markov (EHM) model estimated via L-BFGS-B on bridge inspection transition data.

Source: arXiv cs.LG | 2026-09-29