Many people think any given ML project is 99% training. In reality, it’s 50% evaluation, 40% data cleaning, 8% integration, and 2% training.…

Many people think any given ML project is 99% training. In reality, it’s 50% evaluation, 40% data cleaning, 8% integration, and 2% training. The first two set the noise floor for learning. No ML magic matters; the model cannot lower the noise floor, as that’s the optimal bound of Shannon encoding of your data. Thus, not a single day goes by without me thinking about ontology. Even the old labels have to be constantly reviewed.

Source: Clem Delangue (X) | 2026-06-20