Readout-Rank Laws for Isotropic Quantum Tangents

arXiv:2608.07628v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep parameterized quantum circuits may remain sensitive to a parameter change while the observables retained by a learning model barely respond. We study this separation for a fixed computational-basis measurement. For a pure-state tangent, we compare the quantum Fisher information F_Q, the Fisher information F_{rm full} in the complete bitstring distribution, and the largest variance-normalized response mathcal I_{mathcal A} available to a diagonal readout space mathcal A. If the joint state--tangent frame is Haar random, we prove that the two successive information fractions are independent Beta variables whose means are 1/2 and r/(2^n-1), where r is the centered dimension of the readout. Consequently, even the joint span of all computational-basis Pauli strings through any fixed weight k retain only O(n^k2^{-n}) of the full-record information. Exact-statevector experiments across six circuit families show increasing finite-size agreement with this hierarchy in five nonconserving ensembles as the circuit depth grows. A number-conserving family departs strongly from the isotropic prediction even after correcting the support and readout rank, showing that rank alone is insufficient without tangent isotropy.

Source: arXiv cs.LG | 2026-08-11