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Adapting Open-Weight MLLMs to Generate Point Prompts for Electron Microscopy Segmentation

arXiv:2609.14080v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Promptable models such as microSAM segment electron microscopy (EM) images from point prompts, but automation requires generating prompts without user i

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Adaptive Phase-Switching for Communication-Efficient Federated LoRA Fine-Tuning

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.13512v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated fine-tuning of large language models with low-rank adaptation reduces per-client trainable parameters, but client-to-server communication re

researcharxiv-cs-ai

15 Sept 2026

Advancing Automated Speaking Assessment Leveraging Multifaceted Relevance and Grammar Information

arXiv:2506.16285v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current automated speaking assessment (ASA) systems for use in multi-aspect evaluations often fail to make full use of content relevance, overlookin

AlignUS: MRI-Guided Ultrasound Representation Learning for ALS Classification from Tongue Images

arXiv:2609.15285v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which early assessment remains challenging, particularly in low-resour

All Learning Has an Emotional Basis, So Does Task-Oriented Dialogue

arXiv:2507.01594v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems aim to help users accomplish goals through natural language interaction. Beyond task success, effective ToD sys

An explicit solution of the five-expert prediction PDE and the exact optimality set of COMB

arXiv:2609.14892v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this paper, we derive an explicit solution of the stationary prediction with expert advice PDE for five experts. The formula is given in three regi

An immune world model for multiscale forecasting and therapeutic hypothesis generation

arXiv:2609.14709v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Immune therapies act across cell-intrinsic programs, tissue ecosystems, and patient-specific immune states, yet most predictors address these scales sep

An Information-Space Perspective to Scene Graph Sufficiency for Robotic Task Planning

arXiv:2609.15587v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Planning in complex environments requires task specifications grounded in representations that capture objects, relations, and affordances; scene graphs

An MRI-Guided Robotic System to Improve Hippocampal Access for Epilepsy Interventions

arXiv:2609.13572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents an MRI-guided robotic system that improves hippocampal access by delivering a curved needle-like laser ablator through the foramen o

Approximating neutron-star radii using gravitational-wave only measurements with symbolic regression

arXiv:2504.19962v3 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Gravitational waves emitted by binary neutron-star inspirals carry information on components' masses and tidal deformabilities, but not directly radii

Are explainable AI (XAI) evaluation strategies aligned? Comparing subjective, objective, and mathematical evaluation measures using saliency maps

arXiv:2504.17023v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The evaluation of explainable AI (XAI) approaches often relies on three families of methods: subjective measures (e.g., questionnaires on trus

Are Gradient Boosting Models Suitable for Intermittent Demand Forecasting?

arXiv:2609.14718v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Demand forecasting is critical in modern industry, offering opportunities to reduce costs and gain competitive advantage through improved inventory mana

Are LLMs Good Financial User Simulators? A Preliminary Study

arXiv:2609.15727v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as user simulators, but their ability to reproduce evolving individual financial decisions remains un

Aries: A Proprietary Medium-Range Weather Prediction Model for the Energy Industry

arXiv:2609.13292v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medium-range weather forecasting underpins operational and planning decisions across the energy industry. Developing competitive weather models was on

Assessing nnU-Net Generalization across Brain Tumor Populations in BraTS-GoAT 2026

arXiv:2609.15524v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: BraTS-GoAT evaluates tumor segmentation across heterogeneous populations. We trained a conventional 3D nnU-Net on 1,351 labeled cases using five-fold cr

Assessing the Applicability of Existing Design Recommendations to AI Companion Design: A Multi-Method Study

arXiv:2609.14236v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the rapid proliferation of large language model (LLM)-based systems, AI companions have emerged as conversational agents designed to cultivate em

AURA: Unified Multimodal Framework for Conversational Music Editing

arXiv:2609.14344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Instruction-guided music editors typically process each request independently, limiting their ability to support workflows in which users progressivel

Automated Perceptually-Motivated Assessment of Photographic Consistency in Paired Clinical Photographs: Pipeline Development and Internal Evaluation

arXiv:2609.15144v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Purpose: Paired pre- and post-operative photographs are the standard unit of evidence for plastic surgical outcomes, yet no objective metric verifies wh

Balancing Global Quality and Pronoun-Specific Feedback for Context-Aware Machine Translation

arXiv:2501.03008v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Context-aware machine translation can expose the evidence needed for pronoun choice, but standard fine-tuning does not explicitly prioritize t

Bandits with Probing: Optimal Regret and the Limits of Winner Feedback

arXiv:2609.15248v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A learner probes at most k of n arms each round, receives the maximum of their rewards in [0,1], and competes with the best fixed arm. When does the pro

BEACON: Behavior and Appearance Control for Subject-Specific Video Generation

arXiv:2609.13264v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generating human-centric videos that preserve both visual identity and person-specific expressive behavior remains a fundamental challenge. In additio

Beyond Dead Reckoning: A Point of View on Camera--DAS--GNSS Continuity in Road Tunnels

arXiv:2609.14748v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Road tunnels remove satellite visibility where connected and automated vehicles still require continuous, attributable, and integrity-bounded positionin

Beyond Depth and Width: The Information-Slack Dilemma in Streaming Test-Time Compute

arXiv:2609.14995v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The same task and compute budget can require different reasoning policies when evidence arrives in a different order. Early computation has more time to

Beyond Noise: Understanding and Overcoming Temperature Effects in Analog DNN Inference

arXiv:2609.15527v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The energy efficiency of analog computing makes it one of the most promising candidates for deploying resource-intensive machine learning workloads on c

Beyond Point Forecasts: A Survey on Probabilistic Forecasting for Time Series and Spatiotemporal Data

arXiv:2609.13345v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Probabilistic forecasting is central to decision-making under uncertainty, yet its methodological landscape has become increasingly fragmented across

Beyond Quacking: Deep Integration of Language Models and RAG into DuckDB

arXiv:2504.01157v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge-intensive analytical applications retrieve context from both structured tabular data and unstructured, text-free documents for effective dec

BioDCASE: Active Learning for Bioacoustics

arXiv:2609.15255v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ecological monitoring increasingly relies on machine learning models, whose performance depends on the quality and quantity of labelled data. However, o

Breaking speed scaling in quadrupedal robots via Huygens' coupled-pendulum dynamics

arXiv:2609.13290v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Achieving biological-level running speeds has largely been pursued through advances in control algorithms, which improve the utilization of existing har

Bridging Control, Inference, Transport, and Thermodynamics: From Theory to Applications in Learning

arXiv:2609.15897v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The last decade has seen the development of powerful methods for learning complex structure from high-dimensional data. These advances have brought to

Bridging the Modality Gap in Long-Form Clinical Audio: A Comparative Study of Lightweight and Heavyweight End-to-End SOAP Generation

arXiv:2609.14467v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automating clinical documentation from long-form doctor-patient conversations remains challenging for modern audio-language models. While cascaded ASR

Bridging the Synthetic-to-Real Gap for Few-Shot Cryo-ET Classification

arXiv:2609.14097v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Subtomogram classification in cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a challenging problem due to the scarcity of labeled examples. While cryo-ET simulat

BSC-Net: A Small-Branch-Sensitive Structural Continuity Network for Coronary Vessel Segmentation and Quantitative Angiographic Analysis

arXiv:2609.15400v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vessel segmentation in X-ray coronary angiography (XCA) is a fundamental step for quantitative coronary analysis and subsequent assessment of coronary a

Bypass Observation: A Conceptual Design of a Non-Intrusive Layer-Wise Semantic Extraction Architecture

arXiv:2609.13807v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models reason in high-dimensional hidden-state spaces, while users observe only final outputs. We introduce Bypass Observation, a non-int

Calibrating Interpretability Instruments Before Trusting Their Verdicts

arXiv:2609.14754v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal claims about large language model (LLM) internals rest on measurements. Those might include a projection, a cosine, an ablation delta, or an in

Can Interpretation Predict Behavior on Unseen Data?

arXiv:2507.06445v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Interpretability research often predicts model responses to targeted mechanistic interventions. But can we predict responses to unseen input d

Can We Triage LLM Translation Errors in Classical Texts Without Human References? Source Novelty, GEMBA Scoring, and Budgeted Review through Pali-to-English Translation

arXiv:2609.14963v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As large language models become capable translators of classical texts, a key challenge is deciding which outputs need expert review when no human refer

Can We Trust the Judges? Validation of Factuality Evaluation Methods via Answer Perturbation

arXiv:2609.15561v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating the factual correctness of large language models (LLMs) is vital for many applications. But are our evaluation tools themselves trustworthy?

Canaries in the Bank: Auditing User-Level Privacy in Private Evolution

arXiv:2609.13499v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Private Evolution (PE) generates high-fidelity synthetic data in federated settings without exposing users' raw data. It aggregates clipped user votes

Capability-Routed Visual Retrieval and Evidence Threading for Long-Context Document Question Answering

arXiv:2609.13268v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Annual reports, diligence packs, and infographic dashboards bury numbers in page images: axes, cell grids, and footnotes that OCR pipelines flatten and

Carryover Drafting: Recycling Rejected States for Speculative Decoding

arXiv:2609.14717v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by verifying multiple drafted tokens in parallel, allowing a single target forward pass to accept sever

Causal Analysis and Mitigation of Spurious Onsets in Full-Duplex Speech LLMs

arXiv:2609.13445v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speech-to-speech LLMs like Moshi, and its derivative PersonaPlex, can listen and speak concurrently through full-duplex generation. However, they can be

Causal multi-modal AI for personalized chemosensitivity prediction

arXiv:2609.13567v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Chemotherapy improves survival for some patients with breast cancer, but doctors cannot reliably predict who. Current guidelines rely on recurrence scor

Certifiably Interpretable Training of ReLU-MLPs for Boolean Tasks with Guaranteed Truth-Table Generalization

arXiv:2609.13439v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As compute scales, models evolve, and training algorithms advance, our ability to explain the increasingly powerful AI systems they enable is eroding.

Channel-Adaptive Region Adjacency Graph Carriers for Semantic Image Communication

arXiv:2609.14616v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Semantic image communication seeks to preserve task-relevant scene structure under limited channel resources, but carriers are often dense latent tens

ChatGPT Images 2.5 in the Wild: A Launch-Period Dataset and Detector Evaluation

arXiv:2609.15100v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: An image tool can change its underlying generator while retaining its public name, making version attribution from online posts ambiguous. We study th

CirrGuide: A Deep Cascaded Framework for Liver Cirrhosis Segmentation and Severity Classification from T2-Weighted MRI

arXiv:2609.14010v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present CirrGuide, a deep cascaded framework for cirrhotic liver segmentation and severity classification. Cirrhosis causes progressive structural ch

CiteShade: Citation Laundering in Multi-Source Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Its Counterfactual Defense

arXiv:2609.15660v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) grounds a language model's answers on retrieved external knowledge and returns each answer with citations that id

Co-Speech with You: Training-Free Personalization of Robot Co-Speech Gestures

arXiv:2609.13876v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personal robots should adapt their co-speech gesture style to a new user without requiring model retraining. We present a training-free personalization