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AI’s recursive self-improvement might not come so quickly after all

The AI industry’s boldest promise right now is that AI will soon improve itself, with almost no need for human oversight. LLMs can already write code, generate synthetic data for training, and optimiz

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AMPLIFAI: A Multiphase CT Dataset for Benchmarking Clinical Reasoning in LI-RADS Assessment of Liver Lesions

DGX agent

arXiv:2608.14778v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with early detection improving survival from 70%. The s

researcharxiv-cs-cv

18 Aug 2026

An Adaptive Gradient Clipping and Noise Injection Mechanism for Differentially Private Federated Learning

arXiv:2608.15153v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Differentially private federated learning must balance privacy protection against model accuracy and training efficiency. Static gradient clipping app

An Empirical Study of Training Pixel-Space Text-to-Image Diffusion Models

arXiv:2608.16887v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper investigates an increasingly important topic in generative modeling: pixel-space diffusion models. Although numerous studies have explored th

Anatomical and Physical Supervision for CT-less PET Attenuation Correction: BIC-MAC 2026 Challenge

arXiv:2608.15721v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This report describes our submission to the Big Cross-Modal Attenuation Correction (BIC-MAC) 2026 Challenge for CT-less PET attenuation correction throu

AnchorScore: A CLIP-Based Diagnostic of MLLM Annotation Difficulty

arXiv:2608.16690v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are widely used for automated annotation, yet their per-class accuracy varies widely (e.g., 12%-98% across the

AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model

arXiv:2608.16143v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present AnyTalk, a novel method for generating 3D speech animations for arbitrary characters without requiring any animation data. While existing a

ARISE: An adaptive residual-informed stability ensemble for feature selection in small-sample biomedical omics

arXiv:2608.14866v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Objective: Small-sample molecular classification requires feature selectors that identify predictive, stable, and nonredundant subsets for binary and

Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Combating Child Labour: A Real-Time Edge Vision Pipeline for Child Detection and Age Estimation

arXiv:2608.14770v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: An estimated 138 million children remain in child labour worldwide, and the monitoring systems used by affected sectors, built on periodic household v

ArtLang: Structured Language-to-Kinematics Grounding for Articulated 3D Actuation

arXiv:2608.15419v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Articulated-object reconstructions recover explicit geometry and kinematics, but their parts often remain semantically anonymous and must be controlled

ATLAS: Scaffold-Free Algorithm Synthesis by LLMs via Embedding-Guided Quality-Diversity Search

arXiv:2608.15546v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most LLM-based automated algorithm design methods optimize a designated component within a human-specified scaffold, fixing overall organization and com

AudioTQ: A Data-Oblivious 6-Bit CPU Audio Codec via Randomized Hadamard Rotation and Lloyd-Max Quantization

arXiv:2608.15369v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Lossy audio compression algorithms traditionally rely on psychoacoustic modeling and frequency-domain representations (e.g., MP3, AAC, and Opus) to di

Automating the Detection of Requirement Dependencies Using Large Language Models

arXiv:2602.22456v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Requirements are inherently interconnected through various types of dependencies. Identifying these dependencies is essential, as they underpi

BagShift: Measuring How Patch Selection Changes the Evidence Seen by Whole-Slide MIL

arXiv:2608.15970v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Whole-slide multiple-instance learning (MIL) observes only the patches admitted by its selector. Deployment can alter this selector through compute limi

Baseline-Relative Counterfactual Refinement for Bit-Aware Visual Token Communication

arXiv:2608.16192v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative visual-token communication reduces transmission load by sending only selected discrete tokens and reconstructing missing content at the recei

BDIP-Net: Dual-Interaction Graph Learning for Property Prediction of Bilayer Materials

arXiv:2608.14640v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Stacked bilayer materials exhibit rich stacking-dependent properties driven by the interplay between strong intra-layer bonding and weak inter-layer v

BengaliMCQ: Automatic Generation and Answer Prediction of Academic Multiple-Choice Questions in a Low-Resource Language

arXiv:2608.15547v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks process documents without attending to their hierarchical structure, leading to poor perform

Beyond Effective Sample Size: Effective Number of Proposals for Adaptive Importance Sampling

arXiv:2608.15154v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Population-based adaptive importance sampling (AIS) methods use a set of proposal densities to approximate complex target distributions. Their perform

Beyond Peak Backlog: Conditional Energy and Temporal Geometry in Capacity-Constrained Delayed Bandit Optimization

arXiv:2608.16216v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: What is the right delay complexity when a learner can track only C pending feedback items and discarded feedback is permanently lost? Existing one-point

Beyond the pale: Assessing prevalence and contents of extremist speech in LLM training data

arXiv:2608.14813v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite a strong interest on the part of the research community in the topic of trustworthy and safe AI, the composition of the text corpora that large

Beyond Tokens: A Survey on Decoding Methods for Large Language and Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2608.14797v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) and large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive generative capabilities, yet ensuring their outputs a

Beyond Uncertainty: Generalizable Failure Monitoring for Surgical Segmentation under Acquisition Degradation

arXiv:2608.16748v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Surgical segmentation networks can fail silently under acquisition degradation: predicted masks may be wrong even when model confidence remains high. Ex

Binarized High-Efficiency RAW Video Restoration and Beyond

arXiv:2608.16756v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: RAW video restoration is fundamental to high-quality low-level perception and serves as the basis for a wide range of downstream vision applications. Wh

Bit-Flip Attacks on Vision-Language-Action Models: Action-Decoding Architecture Shapes the Vulnerability

arXiv:2608.15475v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantized Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models expose a weight-fault surface: Rowhammer-style faults can corrupt deployed INT8 bits. We present the fir

Braided Vision Transformer for Stroke Detection in Multi-view Retinal Fundus Imaging

arXiv:2608.14722v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, emphasizing the importance of its accurate and immediate assessment. Retinal fundus

Bringing Generative Learning to Representation Learning: Self-Supervised Transfer Learning as Distribution Matching

arXiv:2502.14424v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Most self-supervised learning objectives defend against collapse but leave the target representation law unspecified. We formulate representat

CaliBench: Are the Stochastic Dynamics of Video World Models Physically Calibrated?

arXiv:2608.16829v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Video world models approximate the stochastic distribution of physical outcomes through generative sampling, but existing benchmarks score individual

Camera-Agnostic Pruning of 3D Gaussian Splats via Descriptor-Based Beta Evidence

arXiv:2603.21933v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The pruning of 3D Gaussian splats is essential for reducing their complexity to enable efficient storage, transmission, and downstream process

CardiacMamba: Fair and Robust RGB-RF Fusion for Remote Heart Rate Estimation via State Space Modeling

arXiv:2608.15831v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) enables non-contact heart rate (HR) monitoring from facial videos, but RGB-only methods are vulnerable to illuminat

CETalk: Continuous Valence-Arousal Control for Audio-Driven 3D Talking Head Generation

arXiv:2608.15110v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Emotional 3D talking head generation aims to synthesize expressive facial animations with accurate lip synchronization. However, existing methods ofte

CG-GLORE: A Conjugate Gradient-Based Global-Local Regularization Network for Sparse-View CT Reconstruction

arXiv:2608.15246v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) reduces radiation dose by acquiring fewer projection views, but the resulting inverse problem is highly ill-posed

Class Imbalance and Batch Effects in LLM-Based Screening for Systematic Reviews

arXiv:2608.14737v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study analyses LLMs in imbalanced binary classification, using study screening in systematic reviews as the application domain. An experiment was

Clause Encounters of the Third Kind: Can LLMs Replace Language Teachers?

arXiv:2608.16286v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While various organizations now actively encourage LLM use in classrooms, we still lack rigorous, systematic evaluations of how well these models actual

Coarse-to-Fine Multi-Resolution Diffusion Models for Trajectory Generation in Urban Systems

arXiv:2608.14570v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding human mobility is critical for a wide range of urban applications, including traffic management, epidemic control, and urban planning. How

Coded Hankel Polynomial Chaos: Spectral Identification of Dominant Polynomial-Chaos Modes

arXiv:2608.16126v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Identification of dominant polynomial-chaos modes is usually formulated as a sparse-regression problem on a sampled multivariate polynomial dictionary

Comprehensive language-image pre-training for 3D medical image understanding

arXiv:2510.15042v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In the 3D medical image domain, vision-language pre-training is used to create vision-language encoders (VLEs) that can support radiologists by retr

Computationally tractable robust differentially private mean estimation

arXiv:2606.12654v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We develop a new, differentially private mean estimator called the balloon mean. The main features of the balloon mean are that it is computat

Concept-based explanation of gene expression prediction from H&E images

arXiv:2608.16669v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in pathology foundation models have enabled accurate prediction of spatial transcriptomics (ST) from routine H&E images. However, existi

Constitutive Priors for Machine Intelligence: A Legitimacy Theory of the Artificial Physical World

arXiv:2608.15147v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Machine intelligence has conquered the symbolic world but stalled at the physical one. The stall is structural: physical AI faces a cold-start deadlock

Constraint-Aware Synthetic Tabular Data Generation via Inter-Column Constraint Discovery with LLM Agents

arXiv:2608.15109v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generating structurally valid synthetic tabular data remains difficult: outputs with high statistical fidelity and downstream utility can still violate

ContextClaim: A Context-Driven Paradigm for Verifiable Claim Detection

arXiv:2603.30025v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Automated fact-checking pipelines typically begin with a filtering stage that decides which claims are worth verifying, given that the later evidenc

Contrastive Energy Fields for Inference-Time Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos

arXiv:2608.16457v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Procedure planning seeks to estimate a sequence of actions to transition from an observed initial state to a given goal state. Current procedure plann

Correlation Clustering with Random Partial Information

arXiv:2608.16315v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Correlation clustering is a fundamental unsupervised learning problem. On complete graphs, both the min-disagreement and min-max objectives admit cons

Coverage Is Not Containment: A Fundamental Limit of Admission-Time Defenses Against Coordinated Poisoning of Vector Retrieval

arXiv:2608.16044v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) answers a question by retrieving passages from a vector store and trusting them as context, so anyone who can add

Cross-View Urban Sensing: Mapping Subjective Streetscape Perception via AlphaEarth Embeddings and Urban Context

arXiv:2608.16310v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Residents' perception of the urban streetscape is an important factor in public health, active mobility, and social wellbeing. Street view imagery (SVI)

CSMoE: An Efficient Remote Sensing Foundation Model with Soft Mixture-of-Experts

arXiv:2509.14104v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Self-supervised learning (SSL) through masked autoencoders (MAEs) has recently attracted great attention for remote sensing (RS) foundation model (F

CulTrace: Tracing Internal Cultural Reasoning in Large Language Models

arXiv:2508.08879v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across diverse cultural contexts necessitates a deeper understanding of models' hidden

CytoFormer: A Molecularly Supervised Cell Foundation Model for Histopathology Cell Classification

arXiv:2608.16718v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Identifying cell types directly from routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology would enable single-cell analysis at scale, but training such models