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A Better Metric Will Not Save You: What You Compare Beats How You Compare It

arXiv:2610.13476v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Representational similarity measures (RSA, CKA, Procrustes) are chosen for the transformations they treat as irrelevant, and all of them take the set of

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A Critical Look at Power Sampling when Test Time Sharpening LLMs

DGX agent

arXiv:2610.13653v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has substantially improved LLM reasoning, yet growing evidence suggests it mainly performs distr

researcharxiv-cs-lg

12 Oct 2026

A Distributional Framework for Behavioral Characterization and Risk Management of Large Language Models

arXiv:2610.12718v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are stochastic by nature. Repeated executions under the same experimental conditions may produce different responses. We propose

A Generalizable Machine Learning Framework for Half-Heusler Thermoelectrics

arXiv:2602.01149v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful approach for accelerating the discovery of thermoelectric (TE) materials, yet many models suff

A small cognitive core explains human behavior at scale

arXiv:2610.13603v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Psychology has proposed many principles of cognition. Each, however, was developed in isolation, leaving their combined explanatory power unknown. We as

Accelerating Linear Bandits with Persistent Candidate Sets

arXiv:2610.13407v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Exhaustive optimistic scoring can make action selection costly in linear bandits with a large fixed set of K actions, requiring O(K) score evaluations p

Activating the Annotator: Operationalising Lived Experience in Data Annotation

arXiv:2610.12701v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Perspectivist NLP has established that annotator positionality shapes labels for subjective tasks, but the field still lacks methods for operationalisin

Adaptive Variance Reduction without Knowing Oracle Smoothness

arXiv:2610.13799v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Variance reduction improves the convergence rate of stochastic non-convex optimization under the average smoothness condition. Existing adaptive varia

Adaptive Whole-Body MPC with Optimal Posture Planning for Humanoid Robots under Unknown Payloads

arXiv:2610.12972v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Humanoid robots performing lifting and material-handling tasks must maintain balance despite unknown and varying payloads. However, payload uncertainty

researcharxiv-cs-ro

AI-Mediation in Retail Markets: Revenue Effects and Assortment Optimization

arXiv:2610.12917v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI shopping assistants increasingly influence which products consumers consider. We study retail assortment planning under AI mediation, where a retaile

AI Models Can Provably Hide Arbitrary Capabilities

arXiv:2610.13928v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Capability evaluations aim to surface dangerous model behaviors before deployment, but their reliability depends on the assumption that hidden capabilit

Amortised Inference through One-Step Implicit Sampling

arXiv:2610.12679v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efficient sampling from Bayesian posterior distributions in high dimensions remains a hard problem, despite advances in theory and algorithms. Multiple

Approximation of differential entropy in Bayesian optimal experimental design

arXiv:2510.00734v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Bayesian optimal experimental design provides a principled framework for selecting experimental configurations that maximize obtained informat

Asymptotic Analysis of Discrete-Time Self-Attention Dynamics in Transformers

arXiv:2610.13518v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In machine learning, a self-attention dynamics describes the attention mechanism of transformers, and is obtained treating the layer index of a transf

AutoIndexer: Flexible-Order Decoding by Training Causal Models on Chains of Edits

arXiv:2610.12545v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autoregressive decoding is less suited to non-causally ordered data, e.g., cross-references or future dependencies, since their outputs cannot be revi

Bandits with Anytime Knapsacks

arXiv:2501.18560v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider bandits with anytime knapsacks (BwAK), a novel version of the BwK problem where there is an extit{anytime} cost constraint instead of a

Benchmarking Embedding Geometries and Clustering Algorithms for Unsupervised Patent Claim Classification

arXiv:2610.12997v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prior-art retrieval systems are structurally organized around classification codes, making cross-code discovery difficult. This paper asks if an unsuper

BenCoDiC: A Large-Scale Contextual Cyberbullying Corpus for Bengali Political News Discourse FULL VERSION

arXiv:2610.13121v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cyberbullying is a growing concern in online communities, yet existing Bengali corpora remain limited in contextual information, annotation transparency

Beyond Prediction-Set Size: Quantifying Conformal Uncertainty through Credal Geometry

arXiv:2602.01667v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Prediction-set size offers a coarse summary of conformal uncertainty. We develop a richer perspective through the geometry of credal sets: families

Beyond Second-Order Information: Paid Logistic Regression with Noisy Features

arXiv:2610.12919v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We consider online binary prediction with paid stochastic features, where the learner can spend resources to obtain better observations of the underly

Beyond Semantic IDs: Finite-Beam Reachability and Continuous-Query Generation in Generative Recommendation

arXiv:2610.12977v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative recommendation (GR) of social media platforms commonly retrieves items by autoregressively decoding discrete Semantic IDs (SIDs) with finite-

Breaking the Cloak! Unveiling Chinese Cloaked Toxicity with Homophone Graph and Toxic Lexicon

arXiv:2505.22184v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Social media platforms have experienced a significant rise in toxic content, including abusive language and discriminatory remarks, presenting

Bridge Matching Sampler: Scalable Sampling via Generalized Fixed-Point Diffusion Matching

arXiv:2603.00530v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sampling from unnormalized densities using diffusion models has emerged as a powerful paradigm. However, while recent approaches that use least-squa

CacheScope: Exact-Compute Allocation for Training-Free Diffusion Acceleration

arXiv:2610.12530v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training-free feature reuse accelerates diffusion transformer inference by replacing full denoising computation at selected steps with cached approximat

Calibration in One Go: Jointly Learning Accurate and Calibrated Neural Networks

arXiv:2610.13693v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural networks (NNs), while highly flexible and versatile, are often poorly calibrated. Post-hoc calibration methods adjust the outputs of an already

Cancerous Backdoor Attack: Gradual Activation via Invisible Tokens and A Stage Controller

arXiv:2610.12644v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Backdoor Attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) typically follow a trigger-response pattern, where satisfying a trigger condition activates a single

Causal Effect Identifiability in Causal Abstractions: A Strict Hierarchy of Criteria

arXiv:2610.13520v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Identifying causal effects from observational data typically requires a fully specified causal graph, an assumption that is often unrealistic in complex

CircuitTree: Composing Circuits into A Syllable Transcriber

arXiv:2610.12520v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The goal of circuit discovery is to decompose a monolithic neural network into tiny modular subnetworks which are interpretable in the sense that each

CLUE: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Unsupervised Event Type Induction and Annotation

arXiv:2610.12580v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Event ontology is the foundational framework for defining events in a dataset. Event type induction generally involves domain experts who define guideli

CNN-Transformer with Sigmoid Label for High-Resolution Sub-Degree DOA Estimation

arXiv:2610.13433v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper addresses the grid quantization error of deep-learning (DL)-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Classification- based DOA methods

COFFEQA: Counterfactual-Guided Few-Shot Distillation for LLM Question Answering

arXiv:2610.12837v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge distillation aims to train a smaller student model to mimic a larger teacher model for resource-constrained environments. However, the proce

Constructive Bounds for the Topological Expressivity of Neural Networks

arXiv:2610.13931v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The expressivity of a neural network Phi describes the class of functions that a network can express. The term topological expressivity refers to a fa

Contextual Correction of Parallel Draftsfor Speculative Decoding

arXiv:2610.12570v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by using a lightweight drafter to propose multiple tokens that are subsequently verified

Controlled-Minimax: Stabilizing Adversarial Optimization via Control Theory

arXiv:2610.12915v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Minimax optimization is fundamental to adversarial learning yet suffers from severe stability challenges, often manifesting as persistent limit cycles o

Cooperative Aerial Transportation of a Payload with a Sliding Cable Attachment

arXiv:2610.13665v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents a dual-quadrotor hook- suspended transport system for cooperative aerial manipulation of a payload that is not rigidly attached to a

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Coordinate-Free Automatic Differentiation

arXiv:2610.12776v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic differentiation (AD) is a cornerstone of modern machine learning. Since all AD frameworks implicitly fix a basis of Euclidean space to define

Credit Attribution in Timestamped Soccer Networks Using Multivariate Hawkes Processes

arXiv:2610.12775v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The two main traditional player statistics used in soccer are goals scored and assists, with an assist credited when a player's pass immediately leads

Critical Mass: Structure-Disjoint Splits Drift With the Libraries They Are Built On

arXiv:2610.12694v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Molecular machine learning evaluates out-of-distribution performance with structure disjoint splits, a construction rule fixed once at the scale its lib

CRM: Retrieval Model with Controllable Condition

arXiv:2412.13844v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Retrieval models for recommendation need to account for outcomes such as watch time while searching large item corpora efficiently. We present

DataCupid: Stable Matching Repair for Training Data Acquisition with Delayed Feedback

arXiv:2610.12960v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Matching repair after utility changes can reuse valid observations, but new evaluations must respect matching capacity and may return out of order. We s

Deep End-to-End Survival Analysis with Temporal Consistency

arXiv:2410.06786v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this study, we present a novel Survival Analysis algorithm designed to efficiently handle large-scale longitudinal data. Our approach draws inspi

Desertification Forecasting in Semi-Arid Regions: Using Deep Learning to Probe the Observability Limits of Land Degradation Dynamics

arXiv:2610.13406v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Forecasting desertification has received far less attention than mapping it. We use a convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) trained on ten annual Earth Observ

Designing Protein Structures from Natural Language

arXiv:2610.13917v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A central challenge in de novo protein design is generating proteins with desired structural and functional properties. Existing design models typically

Development of a Low-Cost Prosthetic Hand Using Electromyography and Machine Learning

arXiv:2411.15533v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Electromyography (EMG) is a measure of muscular electrical activity and is used in many clinical/biomedical disciplines and modern human computer in

researcharxiv-cs-ro

Disentangling Total-Variance and Signal-to-Noise-Ratio Improves Diffusion Models

arXiv:2502.08598v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion models have been widely adopted as a powerful generative framework across numerous scientific domains, yet their inherently iterative samp

Diversity-Aware Ensemble of Quantum-Classical Models via Combinatorial Fusion

arXiv:2610.13808v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are highly sensitive to circuit architecture, yet most quantum machine learning pipelines select a single best des

Do Prompt Optimizers Break Requirements They Are Not Scored On? A Preregistered Study

arXiv:2610.13287v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prompt optimizers rewrite a prompt to raise one target metric, but prompts also state requirements the metric does not score, such as an output format,

Double-Take: Improving Capacity, Binding, and Selectivity In Long-Context Within Bidirectional Memory

arXiv:2610.13073v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Processing a long sequence does not guarantee that distant information remains usable. As context grows, a fixed-size memory must retain many associatio