Search: “multi-hop”

Bridging Latent Reasoning and Target-Language Generation via Retrieval-Transition Heads

arXiv:2602.22453v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent work has identified a subset of attention heads in Transformer as retrieval heads, which are responsible for retrieving information from the

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FDARxBench: Benchmarking Regulatory and Clinical Reasoning on FDA Generic Drug Assessment

DGX agent

arXiv:2603.19539v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce an expert curated, real-world benchmark for evaluating document-grounded question-answering (QA) motivated by generic drug assess

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

3 Sept 2026

HyGRAIL: Cost-Aware and Evidence-Grounded Scientific Hypothesis Discovery over Knowledge Graphs

arXiv:2609.02056v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific knowledge graphs organize entities and relations extracted from scientific literature, but they remain inherently incomplete. Missing typed l

Learning to Fuse LLMs with Ontology Rankers for Rare-Disease Diagnosis

arXiv:2609.02473v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ontology rankers remain useful for rare-disease diagnosis because each candidate can be traced to matched patient phenotypes. Large language models (LLM

MineTRACE: An Evidence-Grounded Interactive Reasoning System for Mineral Prospectivity

arXiv:2609.02060v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mineral exploration requires integrating heterogeneous geochemical, geophysical, and geological evidence, yet existing prospectivity systems often provi

SALA: Semantic-Aware Logical Alignment for Complex Reasoning in In-Context Learning

arXiv:2609.02336v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Effective in-context learning (ICL) for complex reasoning relies on selecting the right demonstrations. Traditional retrieval methods based on surface s

Local Ai

Seed-Anchored Budget-Bounded Graph Rendering for Question Answering on Industry-Standard Power-Grid Information and Exchange Models

arXiv:2609.02011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model question answering over power-grid models must respect a fixed context budget. We introduce seed-anchored graph rendering, a dete

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Spectral Initialization and Scheduled Graph Smoothness for Uncertain Knowledge Graph Completion

arXiv:2609.02519v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Uncertain knowledge graphs (UKGs) extend knowledge graphs by assigning each triple a continuous confidence score. Since most possible triples lack obs

Trace as State: Reasoning Traces as Conditional States for Long-Context Transformers

arXiv:2609.02702v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformers process information causally, but long-context reasoning may depend on task state discovered only later. We formalize this mismatch through

AdaSearch: Balancing Parametric Knowledge and Search in Large Language Models via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2512.16883v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Equipping large language models (LLMs) with search engines via reinforcement learning (RL) promises effective search agents. However, adaptively bal

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Automated Tree Knowledge Graph Construction using Ontology Expansion and Retrieval from Vietnamese History Textbooks

arXiv:2609.00763v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hierarchical Knowledge graph (KG)-based retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful approach for supporting large language models wit

Explore Before Committing: Hypothesis-Guided Search for Deep Research Agents

arXiv:2609.01294v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep-research agents answer complex questions by interacting with search and browsing tools, yet they often search along a single evolving trajectory. O

From Confusion to Clarity: Confusion-Aware Retrieval and Knowledge Injection for Text Classification

arXiv:2609.01564v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) struggle to classify text into taxonomies with many semantically similar labels, as the distinctions are domain-specific

One Policy, Any Budget: Internalizing Budget-Aware Search via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.00813v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While reinforcement learning has enabled LLM-based search agents to invoke external tools, existing methods train under fixed budgets and cannot adapt w

Optimizing Byzantine Node Placement in Decentralized Federated Learning

arXiv:2609.01495v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Security evaluations of decentralized federated learning (DFL) typically focus on how Byzantine participants behave, while largely overlooking which p

Toward Workflow-Aware Benchmarking for Healthcare NLP Agents

arXiv:2609.00296v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly proposed for healthcare tasks such as clinical documentation, evidence retrieval, patient messaging,

Configurable Semantic Chunking for Biomedical Information Extraction in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

arXiv:2608.31139v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: BioMedRAG introduced retrieval-augmented generation with a learned chunk scorer for biomedical information extraction. However, it relies on fixed-size

researcharxiv-cs-cl

DERELAB: Probing Defeasible Reasoning and Confirmation Bias in LLMs with a Generative Benchmark

arXiv:2608.30413v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Defeasible reasoning is a type of reasoning where inferences are drawn from plausible current evidence, but can be retracted upon the introduction of ne

Applications

Doc-REFRAG: Rethinking Multimodal Document Retrieval-Augmented Generation

arXiv:2608.30163v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world knowledge resides in multimodal documents, necessitating retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for accurate question answering. However, exi

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Tutorials

Generative Retrieval for E-commerce: Jointly Learning Embedding and Codebook with Same Product Cluster

arXiv:2608.30606v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the development of large language models (LLMs), generative retrieval is becoming increasingly important in e-commerce scenarios. Current mainstr

tutorialsarxiv-cs-ai

HSRM: Hidden-State Reward Models for Test-Time Verification

arXiv:2608.30841v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models can often generate plausible mathematical reasoning traces, but reliably identifying the correct solution among multiple candidate

Inter-3D VQA: A Roadside Multimodal Benchmark for 3D Spatiotemporally Grounded Visual Question Answering

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2608.28762v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in visual question answering (VQA) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled natural-language reasoning over traffic sce

InternReviewer & InternAdvocate: Objective Reward and Evaluation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning in Peer Review and Rebuttal

arXiv:2608.28612v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generating professional scholarly content, such as peer reviews and rebuttals, requires an intricate synergy between domain reasoning and factual ground

Learning from What You Retrieve: Online RL Fine-Tuning for Semantic Retrieval

arXiv:2608.30753v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In large-scale e-commerce retrieval, dual-encoder retrievers are op- timized for contrastive similarity, whereas downstream rerankers capture finer-gr

Look It Up: Analysing Internal Web Search Capabilities of Modern LLMs

arXiv:2511.18931v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern large language models increasingly integrate internal web-based retrieval to provide real-time answers, yet it remains unclear how effe

ORDDAR: Observation-Driven Reasoning for Distortion-Resilient Decision, Action, and Cognitive Recovery

arXiv:2608.28704v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents increasingly perform long-term reasoning, planning, tool use, memory integration, and autonomous decision making, yet erroneous intermediate s

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

PACE-RAG: Patient-Aware Contextual and Evidence-Constrained RAG for Clinical Drug Recommendation

arXiv:2603.17356v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Drug recommendation requires a deep understanding of individual patient context, especially for complex conditions like Parkinson's disease. While L

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Perceive to Hypothesize, Verify to Ground: An Agentic Reasoning Framework for Open-World Geo-Localization

arXiv:2608.29880v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-world geo-localization requires models to reason over ambiguous visual cues through multi-step reasoning and external knowledge grounding. While re

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Read the Room, Read the Image: Understanding Indirect Speech Acts in Multimodal Visual Contexts

arXiv:2608.30270v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Indirect speech acts (ISAs) require pragmatic reasoning over context, as directive intent can- not be inferred from surface form alone. Prior text-based

REER-PT: Reverse-Engineered Reasoning for Perplexity-Guided Pre-training Data Augmentation

arXiv:2608.30627v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As language-model compute continues to scale, high-quality training data is becoming an increasingly important bottleneck. Conventional next-token predi

SUP-MIMIC: A Multi-Task Clinical Diagnosis Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs' Robustness to Contradictory Evidence

arXiv:2608.29582v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Current evaluations of large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on factual knowledge retrieval, overlooking the fundamental challenge of navigatin

The First Token Is a Clue: Verbalizing Multi-Token Concepts from the J-lens

arXiv:2608.31084v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Jacobian Lens (J-lens) is a recent tool for interpreting LLMs. It reads a hidden state as a ranked list of vocabulary tokens, leaving multi-token co

Who Flips? Self- and Cross-Model Counterarguments Reveal Answer Instability in LLMs

arXiv:2606.16011v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Standard accuracy benchmarks evaluate whether large language models (LLMs) reach correct answers. However, they do not test whether models maintain

Wrong Prediction, Right Answer: Recovering Evidence from Collapsed LLM Sequence Scores

arXiv:2608.31068v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When a large language model fails a reasoning task, it is often assumed to lack the underlying capability. However, this conflates a genuine absence of

ContextPilot: Teaching Agents for Proactive Context Management via Fine-grained RL

arXiv:2608.28476v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon agentic tasks require large language models (LLMs) to iteratively retrieve, integrate, and maintain dispersed information across multi-turn

31 Aug 2026

Does Finetuning with Scientific Data Increase Hallucinations? A Multi-domain Factuality Evaluation of LLMs

arXiv:2606.21359v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to communicate and explain scientific concepts, yet their tendency to hallucinate poses significa

31 Aug 2026

Entity-Memory Graph Retrieval Improves Evidence Coverage in Long-Conversation Question Answering

arXiv:2608.27925v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Entity-Memory graph retrieval keeps dialogue turns as verbatim Memory nodes, links repeated mentions through shared Entities, and connects adjacent Memo

31 Aug 2026

A Multi-Framework Comparison of Outline Stages in Long-Form Generation with LLMs

arXiv:2608.26177v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-form generation exposes fundamental limitations of large language models. Even 70B-parameter models exhibit length collapse at 16k-token outputs,

A Reranker for Orchestrating Heterogeneous Speech and Text Retrievers

arXiv:2608.26194v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have attracted significant interest for their ability to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models

Applications

A Table Is Worth 64 Tokens: Pixel-level Compression for Multi-Table Document Question Answering

arXiv:2608.26949v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Answering questions over real-world documents requires processing long inputs that interleave text with tables. Optical context compression, which repre

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

AEScorer: An Agentic Evidence-Grounded Framework for Graded Factuality Verification

arXiv:2601.03605v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Despite the significant advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs), their factuality remains a critical challenge, creating a growing need for mor

AgentJudgeBench: A Multi-Difficulty Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Judges on Agentic Tool-Calling

arXiv:2608.26623v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM judges are widely used to evaluate agentic tool-calling systems, yet their reliability on structured, dependency-driven workflows remains largely un

BrailleBench: Investigating Multi-Criteria Braille Comprehension in Large Language Models

arXiv:2608.27268v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Although Large language models (LLMs) mediate access to knowledge and computational assistance, their capabilities should benefit vulnerable groups in t

DuMateBench: Evaluating Autonomous Agents in Complex Real-World Workflows

arXiv:2608.26546v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous agents are increasingly adopted to complete complex, multi-tool workflows in real-world settings. However, existing benchmarks typically sepa

Evaluating Confidence-Gated Retrieval with Matched Trajectory Replay

arXiv:2608.26846v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Interactive language-model agents use confidence signals to decide whether to answer immediately, retrieve additional evidence (from memory or externa

LLMs for Academic Workflows: An Evaluation of Literature Reviews Generated with Short and Long Context Windows of LLMs

arXiv:2608.26145v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Our research focuses on evaluating literature reviews generated in short and long context settings of large language models (LLMs) to investigate the im

Mitigating Fabrication in Multi-Stage LLM Pipelines for Hiring: An Empirical Evaluation of Prompt Guardrails and Human-in-the-Loop Checkpoints

arXiv:2608.26171v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-stage LLM hiring pipelines (resume improvement, interview question generation, answer feedback) can fabricate credentials, inflate qualifiers, a

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Applications

Neuro-symbolic PRM: Enhancing Scientific Reasoning via Structured Traces and Symbolic Verification

arXiv:2608.26329v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While tool-augmented Large Language Models have significantly improved multi-step reasoning in quantitative STEM tasks, a critical residual failure mode

applicationsarxiv-cs-cl