Search: “safety”

What Does Frechet Distance Measure? A Directional Decomposition

arXiv:2610.05518v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Frechet distance is a de facto standard for evaluating generative models across domains, appearing as FID for images and FVD for videos. It summar

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What Must Replay Preserve? Separating Correctable Bias from Class Correspondence

DGX agent

arXiv:2610.07077v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Class-incremental learning must recognize all classes seen so far without task labels. Logit replay methods such as DER and DER++ mitigate forgetting by

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

7 Oct 2026

What pass@k Cannot Measure: Evaluating Diversity and Capability Retention after Post-Training

arXiv:2610.07405v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: pass@k, the fraction of problems a model solves within k sampled attempts, is the field's default protocol for deciding whether reinforcement-learning (

When Does AI Supervision Help? A Role-Aware Study of Network Fraud Decision Management with Blockchain Auditability

arXiv:2610.07434v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When does a second artificial intelligence (AI) component improve a primary network-fraud decision rather than add operational burden? We study this que

When Does External Guidance Help LLM Reasoning? A Bias-Variance Theory of Guidance-Augmented GRPO

arXiv:2610.06861v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become the dominant paradigm for eliciting multi-step reasoning in large language models, an

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

When Plans Change Answers: Formalizing Cost-Accuracy Optimization for Semantic Queries

arXiv:2610.08089v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In semantic query engines, predicates are evaluated by machine-learned models, and the choice of a query plan affects not only the cost of a query but

When Tools Lie: Reliability of Mathematical Agents Under Corrupted Tool Feedback

arXiv:2610.08097v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mathematical problem solving often requires deterministic computational steps that agents delegate to tools and implicitly trust. Yet tools can fail s

Whose Face Is It Anyway? A Multi-Model Audit of Facial Affect Recognition on Children, and Why the Gap Is the Head, Not the Features

arXiv:2610.08279v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Facial affect models are trained almost entirely on adults, yet are increasingly applied to children in education, health, and developmental research. W

WorldSonus: Bringing Sound to Worlds

arXiv:2610.08760v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in world models have enabled increasingly realistic visual synthesis. However, these generated environments remain largely silent. Bri

A Statistical Inference Framework for PMI Estimation and SGNS Word Embeddings

arXiv:2610.05058v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) is a core measure of testing word association, and Skip-gram with Negative Sampling (SGNS) is essentially a method

A Unified Dynamics Framework for Reinforcement Learning and Classical Control of a Six-DOF Pipeline-Tracking ROV in NVIDIA Isaac Sim

arXiv:2610.04949v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning controllers for underwater vehicles are usually trained against one physics representation and deployed against another, so repor

Adaptive Bregman Alternating Projections for Feasible Gromov-Wasserstein Learning

arXiv:2610.04264v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) problem compares structured distributions without requiring a shared feature space or known correspondences, but its nonconv

Agentic Resource Allocation for Batch Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization in Autonomous Materials Discovery

arXiv:2610.04134v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The discovery and development of advanced materials is a challenging process constrained by the high time and monetary costs of synthesis, processing,

AID: A Framework for AI Infrastructure Dynamics

arXiv:2610.04801v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A useful model of AI inference infrastructure must specify the system state, the information available to an observer, and the decisions the model is

Aligning Multimodal Patient Evidence with Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Clinical LLMs

arXiv:2610.06685v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical questions often depend on linking a patient's multimodal evidence to external biomedical knowledge, yet existing predictive systems rarely repr

Amortized Score-Hamiltonian Policy Iteration: A Grid-Free Scheme for Relaxed Stochastic Control Problems

arXiv:2610.04285v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop an amortized, grid-free implementation of continuous Langevin dynamics based policy-value iteration for entropy-regularized, infinite-horiz

An evolutionary origin of collective decision making in humans and machines

arXiv:2610.05676v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Groups of individuals can solve collective problems more accurately than any single member, by aggregating their opinions. Recent theoretical work has

An LLM-in-the-loop RL Framework for Bioinformatics Feature Selection

arXiv:2610.05600v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-dimensional bioinformatics data, characterized by a large number of features relative to the number of samples, pose major challenges such as the `

Anatomy-aware Fine-grained Multimodal Fusion for Laryngopharyngeal Cancer T-Staging Prediction Using CT and Radiology Report

arXiv:2610.06837v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate T-staging is crucial for guiding personalized treatment strategies for laryngopharyngeal cancer. However, current clinical practice relies on i

Articulatory Entrainment and Coordination Complexity in Spontaneous Autistic and Non-autistic Dialogue

arXiv:2610.04071v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Articulatory entrainment, the adaptation of vocal tract coordination to facilitate interaction remains underexplored in spontaneous dialogue, particular

ASCENT: Online Test-Time Training of Long-Horizon Agents via Self-Distillation of Verified Experience

arXiv:2610.05303v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A large language model (LLM) agent solves long-horizon tasks through many reasoning-action turns, with one verification signal at termination. Deployed

Asking the Crowd the Right Question: Bias-Cancelling Weights for Federated Learning

arXiv:2610.04671v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A federated objective is a weighted sum of client risks, and the weights are almost always fixed in advance. We treat them instead as the only instrum

Benchmarking CLIP for Zero-Shot Face and Periocular Gender Estimation

arXiv:2610.06102v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate CLIP for zero-shot gender estimation from full-face and periocular images. Three CLIP backbones are evaluated on 11,299 frontal images fr

Best-of-N Guidance for Test-time Diffusion Alignment

arXiv:2610.05108v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models achieve strong generative performance but often struggle to align generated samples with human preferences measured by a reward model.

Better Call Reward: Reward Hacking as Strategic Abstention in Legal Reasoning Models

arXiv:2610.06439v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: What happens when a legal AI model learns to look like a lawyer instead of reasoning like one? We fine tune Qwen3-8B with Group Relative Policy Optimisa

Beyond Token Accuracy: Prioritizing What Matters for Visual Reconstruction

arXiv:2610.03822v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tokens have become a unified interface for multimodal foundation models, making visual-token communication a natural paradigm for efficient image delive

Bilinear Flow Policy: Distributional Extrapolation for Goal-Conditioned Visuomotor Imitation

arXiv:2610.05765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Goal-conditioned imitation learning (GCIL) with flow matching is a promising framework that can represent multimodal behaviors while adapting to diverse

Boosting Transferable Adversarial Attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2610.06083v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most adversarial attacks on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) assume white-box access to the victim policy, which rarely holds in practice. This paper s

CACFG: Curvature-Aware Classifier-Free Guidance and Optimal Control

arXiv:2610.05845v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models generate samples by learning to reverse a fixed corruption process, and classifier-free guidance (CFG) is the standard mechanism for co

Causally Fair Generation with Large Language Models

arXiv:2610.04444v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate, complete, and transform information in settings where their outputs can shape conseque

CEENs: Causality-enforced evolutional networks for solving time-dependent partial differential equations

arXiv:2610.04405v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite the growing popularity of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), their applicability in the long-time integration of partial differential equ

ClasSAE: Class-Aligned Sparse Autoencoders via Differentiable Feature-Class Affinity

arXiv:2610.04020v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) began as an unsupervised tool for decomposing neural representations into sparse, interpretable features, and are increasingl

Climate Surrogates for Scalable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study with CICERO-SCM

arXiv:2510.07971v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Climate policy analysis requires models that capture multi-gas climate effects, but such models are too slow to embed in reinforcement learning loop

Collaborative Personalized Preference Alignment for LLMs under Data Deficiency

arXiv:2610.05898v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-world users often exhibit highly heterogeneous preferences over multiple objectives for LLM responses. A lightweight aligner can tailor these respo

Conditional Trajectory Peaks: Single-Pass Multimodal Policies over Action Chunks

arXiv:2610.06104v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal imitation learning requires diverse executable futures under the same observation and consistent behavior across replanning cycles. We presen

ConEx: Human-Interpretable Saliency Maps via Concept-Aware Attribution

arXiv:2610.04605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many visual explanation methods in computer vision highlight pixel importance but struggle to link these low-level cues to semantically meaningful conce

Conformal Prediction with Paraphrase-Aware Scoring for LLM Uncertainty Quantification

arXiv:2610.04239v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Uncertainty quantification (UQ) for large language models (LLMs) aims to provide reliable measures of predictive confidence, yet current methods are o

Considering Context: When World Models Need Context Encoders

arXiv:2610.06651v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Methods for generalization in model-based reinforcement learning typically assume that an agent cannot recover the latent context governing the environm

Continual Humanoid Motion Learning

arXiv:2610.04231v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Humanoid whole-body controllers can now track a diverse set of dynamic motions, but they are typically trained offline and then frozen, so teaching such

Contrastive Time Series Forecasting with Anomalies

arXiv:2512.11526v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Time series forecasting predicts future values from past data. In real-world settings, some anomalous events have lasting effects and influence the

Cross-Time Directional Selection in Diffusion Sampling

arXiv:2610.05199v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How strongly do the remaining diffusion-sampling steps amplify a perturbation at a late latent state? Standard measurements answer this question with ne

CURIO: Curiosity-Driven Test-Time Learning for Open-Ended Discovery

arXiv:2610.04851v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-ended discovery requires learning from repeated attempts while continuing to explore directions whose value is not yet apparent. Search with a froz

Dataset-Free Compliant Humanoid Loco-Manipulation with Dynamic Online Posture

arXiv:2610.05678v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most humanoid loco-manipulation controllers require human motion data to learn whole-body coordination and posture, leaving policies reliant on external

Decouple, Purify and Unite: Semantic-Structural Prototype Learning for Federated Medical Segmentation

arXiv:2610.04700v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated learning enables medical institutions to train a global model without sharing data, yet feature heterogeneity from diverse scanners or protoco

Deep Fair Learning: Task-Aware Fair Representations via Joint Distance-Covariance Regularization

arXiv:2504.06470v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ensuring fairness is essential as machine learning increasingly informs consequential decisions. However, many fairness-aware methods focus on

DeepStock: Reinforcement Learning with Policy Regularizations for Inventory Management

arXiv:2603.19621v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) provides a general-purpose methodology for training inventory policies that can leverage big data and compute. How

Demonstration-Calibrated Port-Hamiltonian Retuning for Manipulation Policies

arXiv:2610.05755v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion and VLA policies for manipulation are often deployed through downstream impedance controllers. The stiffness and damping gains of these contro

DeNoise: Learning Robust Graph Representations for Unsupervised Graph-Level Anomaly Detection

arXiv:2511.04086v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: With the rapid growth of graph-structured data in critical domains, unsupervised graph-level anomaly detection (UGAD) has become a pivotal task. UGA