Search: “llm”

Auditing LLMs for Algorithmic Fairness in Casenote-Augmented Tabular Prediction

arXiv:2604.19204v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLMs are increasingly being considered for prediction tasks in high-stakes social service settings, but their algorithmic fairness properties in this

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

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Safety

Beyond Marginal Distributions: A Framework to Evaluate the Representativeness of Demographic-Aligned LLMs

DGX agent

arXiv:2601.15755v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used to represent human opinions, values, or beliefs, and their steerability towards these ideals is an activ

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

22 Apr 2026

Cyber Defense Benchmark: Agentic Threat Hunting Evaluation for LLMs in SecOps

arXiv:2604.19533v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce the Cyber Defense Benchmark, a benchmark for measuring how well large language model (LLM) agents perform the core SOC analyst task of th

Decomposed Trust: Privacy, Adversarial Robustness, Ethics, and Fairness in Low-Rank LLMs

arXiv:2511.22099v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have driven major advances across domains, yet their massive size hinders deployment in resource-constrained sett

FedProxy: Federated Fine-Tuning of LLMs via Proxy SLMs and Heterogeneity-Aware Fusion

arXiv:2604.19015v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is obstructed by a trilemma of challenges: protecting LLMs intellectual property (IP), ensuring

Hardware

LBLLM: Lightweight Binarization of Large Language Models via Three-Stage Distillation

arXiv:2604.19167v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deploying large language models (LLMs) in resource-constrained environments is hindered by heavy computational and memory requirements. We present LBL

hardwarearxiv-cs-ai

CodePivot: Bootstrapping Multilingual Transpilation in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning without Parallel Corpora

arXiv:2604.18027v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Transpilation, or code translation, aims to convert source code from one programming language (PL) to another. It is beneficial for many downstream ap

CoLLM: A Unified Framework for Co-execution of LLMs Federated Fine-tuning and Inference

arXiv:2604.16400v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in edge intelligence to power domain-specific applications and personalized services, the qua

Counterfactual Modeling with Fine-Tuned LLMs for Health Intervention Design and Sensor Data Augmentation

arXiv:2601.14590v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) provide human-centric interpretability by identifying the minimal, actionable changes required to alter a machine

Emergent Misalignment via In-Context Learning: Narrow in-context examples can produce broadly misaligned LLMs

arXiv:2510.11288v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent work has shown that narrow finetuning can produce broadly misaligned LLMs, a phenomenon termed emergent misalignment (EM). While concerning,

FedLLM: A Privacy-Preserving Federated Large Language Model for Explainable Traffic Flow Prediction

arXiv:2604.16612v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Traffic prediction plays a central role in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) by supporting real-time decision-making, congestion management, and

GSQ: Highly-Accurate Low-Precision Scalar Quantization for LLMs via Gumbel-Softmax Sampling

arXiv:2604.18556v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Weight quantization has become a standard tool for efficient LLM deployment, especially for local inference, where models are now routinely served at 2-

LLMs can persuade only psychologically susceptible humans on societal issues, via trust in AI and emotional appeals, amid logical fallacies

arXiv:2604.16935v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scarce longitudinal evidence examines LLMs' persuasiveness and humanness along time-evolving psychological frameworks. We introduce Talk2AI, a longitu

researcharxiv-cs-lg

ResearchBench: Benchmarking LLMs in Scientific Discovery via Inspiration-Based Task Decomposition

arXiv:2503.21248v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in assisting scientific research, yet their ability to discover high-quality research hypotheses r

The Potential of Second-Order Optimization for LLMs: A Study with Full Gauss-Newton

arXiv:2510.09378v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent efforts to accelerate LLM pretraining have focused on computationally-efficient approximations that exploit second-order structure. This rais

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Pruning Unsafe Tickets: A Resource-Efficient Framework for Safer and More Robust LLMs

arXiv:2604.15780v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning models are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, but even aligned models such as Mistral and LLaVA still exhibit unsafe b

Self-Distillation as a Performance Recovery Mechanism for LLMs: Counteracting Compression and Catastrophic Forgetting

arXiv:2604.15794v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, underpinning diverse AI applications. However, they often suffer from performance degra

Structured Abductive-Deductive-Inductive Reasoning for LLMs via Algebraic Invariants

arXiv:2604.15727v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models exhibit systematic limitations in structured logical reasoning: they conflate hypothesis generation with verification, cannot dist

What Makes LLMs Effective Sequential Recommenders? A Study on Preference Intensity and Temporal Context

arXiv:2506.02261v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: What enables large language models (LLMs) to effectively model user preferences in sequential recommendation? Our investigation reveals that e

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

WildFeedback: Aligning LLMs With In-situ User Interactions And Feedback

arXiv:2408.15549v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, aligning these models with human preferences has emerged as a critical challenge. Traditional a

Tutorials

DiscoTrace: Representing and Comparing Answering Strategies of Humans and LLMs in Information-Seeking Question Answering

arXiv:2604.15140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce DiscoTrace, a method to identify the rhetorical strategies that answerers use when responding to information-seeking questions. DiscoTrace

tutorialsarxiv-cs-cl

17 Apr 2026

Language on Demand, Knowledge at Core: Composing LLMs with Encoder-Decoder Translation Models for Extensible Multilinguality

arXiv:2603.17512v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general intelligence, yet their multilingual performance remains highly imbalanced. Although LLMs encode

17 Apr 2026

RL-PLUS: Countering Capability Boundary Collapse of LLMs in Reinforcement Learning with Hybrid-policy Optimization

arXiv:2508.00222v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) has significantly advanced the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs

16 Apr 2026

Agents

AgenticAI-DialogGen: Topic-Guided Conversation Generation for Fine-Tuning and Evaluating Short- and Long-Term Memories of LLMs

arXiv:2604.12179v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved their ability to process extended conversational contexts, yet fine-tuning and evaluat

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Calibration-Aware Policy Optimization for Reasoning LLMs

arXiv:2604.12632v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) enhances LLM reasoning but often induces overconfidence, where incorrect responses yield lower perplexity th

E2LLM: Encoder Elongated Large Language Models for Long-Context Understanding and Reasoning

arXiv:2409.06679v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Processing long contexts is increasingly important for Large Language Models (LLMs) in tasks like multi-turn dialogues, code generation, and documen

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Schema-Adaptive Tabular Representation Learning with LLMs for Generalizable Multimodal Clinical Reasoning

arXiv:2604.11835v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning for tabular data remains constrained by poor schema generalization, a challenge rooted in the lack of semantic understanding of struc

Aligning What LLMs Do and Say: Towards Self-Consistent Explanations

arXiv:2506.07523v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) seem to offer an easy path to interpretability: just ask them to explain their answers. Yet the features driving an ans

Backdoors in RLVR: Jailbreak Backdoors in LLMs From Verifiable Reward

arXiv:2604.09748v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is an emerging paradigm that significantly boosts a Large Language Model's (LLM's) reasoning abi

How LLMs Might Think

arXiv:2604.09674v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Do large language models (LLMs) think? Daniel Stoljar and Zhihe Vincent Zhang have recently developed an argument from rationality for the claim that LL

Persona Non Grata: Single-Method Safety Evaluation Is Incomplete for Persona-Imbued LLMs

arXiv:2604.11120v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personality imbuing customizes LLM behavior, but safety evaluations almost always study prompt-based personas alone. We show this is incomplete: prompti

RL makes MLLMs see better than SFT

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2510.16333v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A dominant assumption in Multimodal Language Model (MLLM) research is that its performance is largely inherited from the LLM backbone, given its imm

Single-Agent LLMs Outperform Multi-Agent Systems on Multi-Hop Reasoning Under Equal Thinking Token Budgets

arXiv:2604.02460v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent work reports strong performance from multi-agent LLM systems (MAS), but these gains are often confounded by increased test-time computation.

Agents

SkVM: Revisiting Language VM for Skills across Heterogenous LLMs and Harnesses

arXiv:2604.03088v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM agents increasingly adopt skills as a reusable unit of composition. While skills are shared across diverse agent platforms, current system

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Accelerating Local LLMs on Resource-Constrained Edge Devices via Distributed Prompt Caching

arXiv:2602.22812v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Since local LLM inference on resource-constrained edge devices imposes a severe performance bottleneck, this paper proposes distributed prompt cachi

Local Ai

Revitalizing Black-Box Interpretability: Actionable Interpretability for LLMs via Proxy Models

arXiv:2505.12509v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Post-hoc explanations provide transparency and are essential for guiding model optimization, such as prompt engineering and data sanitation. H

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

SUPERNOVA: Eliciting General Reasoning in LLMs with Reinforcement Learning on Natural Instructions

arXiv:2604.08477v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly improved large language model (LLM) reasoning in formal domains such as mathem

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Verbalizing LLMs' assumptions to explain and control sycophancy

arXiv:2604.03058v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLMs can be socially sycophantic, affirming users when they ask questions like 'am I in the wrong?' rather than providing genuine assessment.

Extracting Breast Cancer Phenotypes from Clinical Notes: Comparing LLMs with Classical Ontology Methods

arXiv:2604.06208v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A significant amount of data held in Oncology Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) is contained in unstructured provider notes -- including but not limit

Flux Attention: Context-Aware Hybrid Attention for Efficient LLMs Inference

arXiv:2604.07394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. W

SpecQuant: Spectral Decomposition and Adaptive Truncation for Ultra-Low-Bit LLMs Quantization

arXiv:2511.11663v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The emergence of accurate open large language models (LLMs) has sparked a push for advanced quantization techniques to enable efficient deploy

The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training

arXiv:2604.07754v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of large language models (LLMs) raises significant ethical and safety concerns. While LLM alignment techniques are adopted to improve m

Agents

The Illusion of Stochasticity in LLMs

arXiv:2604.06543v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this work, we demonstrate that reliable stochastic sampling is a fundamental yet unfulfilled requirement for Large Language Models (LLMs) operating

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

Can LLMs Tell Stories Out of Order? A Corpus and Benchmark for Nonlinear Narrative Generation

arXiv:2610.21468v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Every story has two orders: the order in which its events happen and the order in which they are told. A story is nonlinear when the two differ. We in

16 Oct 2026

Local Ai

Explaining the Roles of Experts in Mixture-of-Experts LLMs for Personalization

arXiv:2610.22127v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personalization of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly important for user-centric applications, yet prior methods mainly adapt dense LLMs, wh

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

16 Oct 2026

Exploring the Design Space of Permutation Diffusion LLMs

arXiv:2610.20635v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Permutation generation with language models requires both text-conditioned ranking and a global one-to-one assignment between candidates and output po

16 Oct 2026

AI Representations of Mental Health Stigma: Quantifying the Gap Between AI Estimations and Human Perceptions Across Gender Groups Using GPT-Based LLMs

arXiv:2610.16042v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in mental health applications raises concerns about its potential to internalize and perpetuate soc

15 Oct 2026

AuthGateBench: Benchmarking LLMs as Authorization Gate

arXiv:2610.16426v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated approval systems let coding agents execute high-risk actions with minimal human oversight by delegating the authorization decision to a classi