Search: “safety”

Cross-lingual robustness of LLM-brain alignment and its computational roots

arXiv:2605.21049v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) reliably predict neural activity during language comprehension and transformer depth has been interpreted as mirroring hier

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Cumulative Meta-Learning from Active Learning Queries for Robustness to Spurious Correlations

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.20771v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spurious correlations in real-world datasets cause machine learning models to rely on irrelevant patterns, undermining reliability, generalization, and

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

21 May 2026

Data-Efficient Neural Operator Training via Physics-Based Active Learning

arXiv:2605.21348v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Solving partial differential equations with neural operators significantly reduces computational costs but remains bottlenecked by high training data re

Decision-Path Patterns as Tree Reliability Signals: Path-based Adaptive Weighting for Random Forest Classification

arXiv:2605.20716v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Random forests aggregate tree votes by simple majority, treating all trees as equally informative. We observe that the topological pattern along each tr

Decomposing MXFP4 quantization error for LLM reinforcement learning: reducible bias, recoverable deadzone, and an irreducible floor

arXiv:2605.20402v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: MXFP4 arithmetic can dramatically accelerate reinforcement learning (RL) post-training of large language models (LLMs), yet the quantization error intro

DeCoR: Design and Control Co-Optimization for Urban Streets Using Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.21311v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern vision systems can detect, track, and forecast urban actors at scale, yet translating perception outputs to urban design remains limited. We intr

Decoupling Communication from Policy: Robust MARL under Bandwidth Constraints

arXiv:2605.21085v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Communication enables coordination in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), but many real-world applications, e.g., search-and-rescue with drone

Deep Attention Reweighting: Post-Hoc Attention-Based Feature Aggregation in CNNs for Disentangling Core and Spurious Features under Spurious Correlations

arXiv:2605.20732v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) often exploit spurious correlations in datasets, learning superficially predictive yet causally irrelevant features

DelTA: Discriminative Token Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards

arXiv:2605.21467v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a central technique for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language mo

Design for Manufacturing: A Manufacturability Knowledge-Integrated Reinforcement Learning Framework for Free-Form Pipe Routing in Aeroengines

arXiv:2605.20644v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Design for manufacturing plays a critical role in advanced aeroengine development, where complex components necessitate careful consideration of manufac

Disentangling Bias by Modeling Intra- and Inter-modal Causal Attention for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

arXiv:2508.04999v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) aims to understand human emotions by integrating information from multiple modalities, such as text, audio, and

Distributed Direct Preference Optimization

arXiv:2605.20696v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Preference-based reinforcement learning (RL) is a key paradigm for aligning policies with human judgments, yet its theoretical behavior in distributed s

Distribution-Aware Reward: Reinforcement Learning over Predictive Distributions for LLM Regression

arXiv:2605.20740v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models can predict real-valued quantities from heterogeneous inputs such as text, code, and molecular strings, but most training object

Distributional Alignment as a Criterion for Designing Task Vectors in In-Context Learning

arXiv:2605.20730v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks through demonstrations, yet it suffers from escalating inference cos

Divide-Prompt-Refine: a Training-Free, Structure-Aware Framework for Biomedical Abstract Generation

arXiv:2605.20628v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Biomedical abstracts play a critical role in downstream NLP applications, such as information retrieval, biocuration, and biomedical knowledge discovery

Enhancing Speech Large Language Models through Reinforced Behavior Alignment

arXiv:2509.03526v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The recent advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred considerable research interest in extending their linguistic capabilities beyon

EvalMORAAL: Interpretable Chain-of-Thought and LLM-as-Judge Evaluation for Moral Alignment in Large Language Models

arXiv:2510.05942v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present EvalMORAAL, a transparent chain-of-thought (CoT) framework that uses two scoring methods (log-probabilities and direct ratings) plus a mo

extit{Stochastic} MeanFlow Policies: One-Step Generative Control with Entropic Mirror Descent

arXiv:2605.21282v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Online off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) is shaped by two coupled choices: the policy class and the update rule. Gaussian policies are fast and hav

FEAT: A Linear-Complexity Foundation Model for Extremely Large Structured Data

arXiv:2603.16513v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Structured data is widely used in domains such as healthcare, finance, and scientific data management. Recent studies on structured data foundation

FlowLong: Inference-time Long Video Generation via Manifold-constrained Tweedie Matching

arXiv:2605.20910v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Extending the generation horizon of video diffusion models to long sequences remains a long-standing and important challenge. Existing training-free app

Graph Transductive Sharpening: Leveraging Unlabeled Predictions in Node Classification

arXiv:2605.20248v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the transductive setting, where the full graph is observed but node labels are only partially available, progress in semi-supervised node classificat

GROW: Aligning GRPO with State-Action Modeling for Open-World VLM Agents

arXiv:2605.20246v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recently, vision-language model (VLM) agents have shown promising progress in open-world tasks, where successful task completion often requires multiple

HORST: Composing Optimizer Geometries for Sparse Transformer Training

arXiv:2605.21104v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparsifying transformers remains a fundamental challenge, as standard optimizers fail to simultaneously encourage sparsity and maintain training stabili

Improved convergence rate of kNN graph Laplacians: differentiable self-tuned affinity

arXiv:2410.23212v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In graph-based data analysis, k-nearest neighbor (kNN) graphs are widely used due to their adaptivity to local data densities. Allowing weight

Inference Time Policy Optimization for Offline RL with Differentiable World Models

arXiv:2603.22430v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) learns optimal policies from fixed datasets, training a policy once and deploying it at inference time without f

It Takes Two: Complementary Self-Distillation for Contextual Integrity in LLMs

arXiv:2605.20258v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Contextual Integrity (CI) defines privacy not merely as keeping information hidden, but as governing information flows according to the norms of a given

Latent Geometry as a Structural Monitor: Eigenspace Alignment for Anomaly Detection in Anonymity Networks

arXiv:2605.20391v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Traditional anomaly detection marks events when measured signals cross predefined thresholds. This captures the moment of transition but not the struc

Learning Robust Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation from Joint Sensors with Proprioceptive Transformer

arXiv:2605.21330v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In-hand object manipulation is a fundamental yet challenging capability for dexterous robots. Despite significant progress in dexterous manipulation, ex

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Learning to Think in Physics: Breaking Shortcut Learning in Scientific Diffusion via Representation Alignment

arXiv:2605.20780v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Physics-informed diffusion models typically enforce PDE constraints only on final outputs, leaving intermediate representations unconstrained and pron

Letting Trajectories Spread: Quality-Preserving Control for Diverse Flow Matching

arXiv:2510.09060v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Flow-based text-to-image models follow deterministic trajectories, making it costly to explore diverse modes under limited sampling budgets. E

Linear-DPO: Linear Direct Preference Optimization for Diffusion and Flow-Matching Generative Models

arXiv:2605.21123v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is successful for alignment in LLMs but still faces challenges in text-to-image generation. Existing studies are co

Listwise Policy Optimization: Group-based RLVR as Target-Projection on the LLM Response Simplex

arXiv:2605.06139v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard approach for large language models (LLMs) post-training to incentivize r

LLM Pretraining Shapes a Generalizable Manifold: Insights into Cross-Modal Transfer to Time Series

arXiv:2605.20449v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Can language-pretrained transformers become effective time-series forecasters, and why? In this paper, we show that cross-modal transfer arises because

Mahjax: A GPU-Accelerated Mahjong Simulator for Reinforcement Learning in JAX

arXiv:2605.20577v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Riichi Mahjong is a multi-player, imperfect-information game characterized by stochasticity and high-dimensional state spaces. These attributes presen

Mind the Sim-to-Real Gap & Think Like a Scientist

arXiv:2605.21458v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Suppose a planner has a pre-trained simulator of a sequential decision problem and the option to run real experiments in the field. The simulator is c

Mitigating Label Bias with Interpretable Rubric Embeddings

arXiv:2605.21455v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Statistical decision algorithms are increasingly deployed in domains where ground-truth labels are hard to obtain, such as hiring, university admissions

Mobile UMI: Cross-View Diffusion Policy with Decoupled Kinematics for Mobile Manipulation

arXiv:2605.20894v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mobile imitation learning on portable demonstration interfaces faces two coupled bottlenecks: locomotion-contaminated action labels and inference-induce

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Multi-Head Attention as Ensemble Nadaraya-Watson Estimation: Variance Reduction, Decorrelation, and Optimal Head Diversity

arXiv:2605.20271v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop a rigorous statistical theory of multi-head attention (MHA) as an ensemble of Nadaraya-Watson (NW) kernel regression estimators. Building o

Multi-Step Likelihood-Ratio Correction for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

arXiv:2605.20865v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) plays a pivotal role in improving the reasoning ability of large language models. However, widely

Multimodal LLMs under Pairwise Modalities

arXiv:2605.21059v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite the impressive results achieved by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their training typically relies on jointly curated multimodal data,

NaP-Control: Navigating Diffusion Prior for Versatile and Fast Character Control

arXiv:2605.20209v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Achieving precise, versatile whole-body character control in physics-based animation remains challenging. Recent diffusion-based policies generate ric

Neural Collapse by Design: Learning Class Prototypes on the Hypersphere

arXiv:2605.20302v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Supervised classification has a theoretical optimum, Neural Collapse (NC), yet neither of its two dominant paradigms reaches it in practice. Cross ent

OcclusionFormer: Arranging Z-Order for Layout-Grounded Image Generation

arXiv:2605.21343v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent layout-to-image models have achieved remarkable progress in spatial controllability. However, they still struggle with inter-object occlusion. Wh

Parallel LLM Reasoning for Bias-Resilient, Robust Conceptual Abstraction

arXiv:2605.20194v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to analyze text. However, they are often plagued with contextual reasoning limitations when ana

Pareto-Enhanced Portrait Generation: Vision-Aligned Text Supervision for Alignment, Realism, and Aesthetics

arXiv:2605.20640v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-to-image diffusion models often face a severe trilemma in human portrait generation: text-image alignment, photorealism, and human-perceived aesthe

PointACT: Vision-Language-Action Models with Multi-Scale Point-Action Interaction

arXiv:2605.21414v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation by leveraging large pretrained vision-languag

Principled RL for Flow Matching Emerges from the Chunk-level Policy Optimization

arXiv:2510.21583v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent Progress in post-training flow matching for text-to-image (T2I) generation with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has demonstrated st

Q-SpiRL: Quantum Spiking Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Robot Navigation

arXiv:2605.20801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Adaptive robot navigation in dynamic environments requires policies that can reach the target reliably while producing efficient and stable trajectories

safetyarxiv-cs-ro