Search: “safety”

Beyond the Clock: Measuring the Value of Adaptive Revision

arXiv:2609.00874v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As agentic systems become compound systems, increasingly important decisions move above task execution itself: when should a higher-level controller pre

Can LLMs Use Relational Transformer Embeddings?

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arXiv:2609.00457v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Injecting frozen relational-encoder embeddings as soft tokens into a large language model (LLM) is a conceptually appealing fusion strategy: the encoder

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

2 Sept 2026

CaRL-EM: Cost-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Entity Matching with LLMs

arXiv:2609.01195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Entity matching (EM) requires fine-grained contextual understanding and domain knowledge. Recent work shows that large language models (LLMs) can serve

Causal Evidentiary Governance for High-Risk Machine Learning Systems

arXiv:2609.01040v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning systems deployed for credit, hiring, and resource distribution are increasingly subject to regulatory oversight from policies such as

Citing Less Critically: LLMs Reshape the Rhetoric and Reach of Scientific Citation

arXiv:2609.01432v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientific citations carry rhetorical intent. Scholars may cite prior work positively (supporting), negatively (contrasting), or neutrally (mentioning

Contribution-Aware Bandwidth Allocation for Multimodal Split Learning

arXiv:2609.01406v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal models are increasingly the default option for perception at the network edge, yet they are trained almost entirely in the datacenter, becaus

Conversation Coach: A Voice-enabled AI System that Helps Practice Difficult Workplace Conversations

arXiv:2609.00441v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Effective manager-employee communication is critical for retaining high performers and developing underperformers, yet training managers in these skills

CRAFT: Fine-Tuning Pre-hoc Explainability in AI-native 6G RAN

arXiv:2609.00590v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The next generation of mobile networks is envisioned as fully AI-native, with AI-RAN architectures embedding small language models (SLMs) to perform rea

DGNet: Dual-knowledge Guided Network for Infrared Small Target Detection

arXiv:2609.00666v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: InfRared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) is a prominent and challenging task in computer vision. In recent years, text-guided methods have significantly

DICE: Distilling Classifier-Free Guidance into Text Embeddings

arXiv:2502.03726v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Text-to-image diffusion models are capable of generating high-quality images, but suboptimal pre-trained text representations often result in these

Different representation learning objectives recover distinct latent structures from the same psychometric data

arXiv:2609.00100v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Psychometric questionnaires contain rich item-level information, yet it remains unclear whether different representation learning objectives recover the

Differentially Private Paired Table-Image Multimodal Synthesis

arXiv:2609.00708v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Differentially private (DP) synthesis has been extensively studied for tabular and image data separately, yet many real-world datasets contain images

Do LLMs Know Your Neighborhood? Auditing LLM Priors for Neighborhood-Level Mobility Prediction and Structural Alignment

arXiv:2609.00345v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human mobility is central to urban planning, transportation, public health, and emergency response, yet fine-grained trajectory data are often proprieta

Explicit Interaction Architectures for Dynamical Learning: A Controlled Study of Structural Inductive Bias

arXiv:2606.19101v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We investigate a structure-first approach to dynamical learning in which the organization of stateful interactions is prescribed explicitly ra

Exploring Sparse Autoencoders in Text-Based Causal Confounding Adjustment

arXiv:2609.01322v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In many settings, studying causal questions based on text data requires adjusting for confounding information within texts. Yet there is a tradeoff in c

Facet-0: A Robotic Foundation Model for Contact-Rich Precise Manipulation

arXiv:2609.01596v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world robotic assembly at sub-millimeter tolerances demands spatial precision, compliant interaction, and robustness to contact failures. We pres

Fair Minimum Labeling: Efficient Temporal Network Activations for Reachability and Equity

arXiv:2510.03899v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Balancing resource efficiency and fairness is critical in networked systems that support modern learning applications. We introduce the Fair M

FLaG: Frequency-Domain Latent-attention Gated Pooling for Token Aggregation

arXiv:2609.00831v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Token aggregation converts token-level representations into fixed-dimensional sample representations, but most pooling methods operate only in the origi

FractalNet-Based Heterogeneous Federated Learning for Orbital Edge Intelligence in Satellite Mega-Constellations: A Wildfire Case Study

arXiv:2609.00875v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Satellite mega-constellations are emerging as large-scale sensing, communication, and computation fabrics, yet their learning architectures remain large

From Rollouts to Recipes: Self-Contained Post-Training for LLMs

arXiv:2609.01422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training large language models usually applies a single training recipe to all samples, even though the model's own rollouts reveal different sampl

GeoGR^2:Zero-Shot Geospatial Inference via Geostatistically-Guided Iterative Refinement with LLMs

arXiv:2508.04080v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Standard large language model prompting treats geospatial inference as independent, instance-wise prediction, ignoring the fundamental spatial depen

Gradient-Update Mismatch: Rethinking Conflict-Free Training of Physics-Informed Neural Networks

arXiv:2609.01558v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) requires jointly optimizing physics residual and initial/boundary condition loss terms, which often in

GRRM: Group Relative Reward Modeling for Machine Translation

arXiv:2602.14028v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) offers a powerful framework for LLM post-training, its effectiveness in open-ended domains like Mach

HEAL: Hindsight Entropy-Assisted Learning for Reasoning Distillation

arXiv:2603.10359v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Distilling reasoning capabilities from Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) into smaller models is typically constrained by the limitations of rejection sa

Heard but Not Heeded: Paralinguistic Information Encoding and Loss in Audio-Language Models

arXiv:2609.00727v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audio language models are designed to understand speech, yet it remains unclear whether they capture how something is said beyond what is said. We pre

HiMPO: Hindsight-Informed Memory Policy Optimization for Less-Entangled Credit in Long-Horizon Agents

arXiv:2606.16285v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long-horizon agents rely on memory mechanisms to compress interaction history, but optimizing memory writing faces a distinct credit assignment chal

How Does Alignment Tuning Shape Representations of Sycophancy and Related Cue-Induced Biases in LLMs?

arXiv:2607.18114v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern LLMs are alarmingly susceptible to surprisingly simple immaterial changes of input prompts: a casual hint, an incorrectly labeled few-s

Human-AI Co-Interpretation for Responsible AI: A Hermeneutic Perspective

arXiv:2609.00334v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Across law, education, policy analysis, and public moral argumentation, LLM outputs are being used often for work that requires interpretations to be ju

Human-Anchored Factuality Evaluation with Strategic Annotation

arXiv:2609.00494v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based factuality judges provide scalable evaluation signals, but their metrics are often systematically biased relative to human judgments. We study

HyperWorld: Hypergraph-Structured State Serialization Improves Learned Textual World Models

arXiv:2609.00002v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World models enable language-model agents to predict environment dynamics and plan before acting. In text environments, the model must learn symbolic ac

Investigating Assistant Bias in LLM User Simulators Using a Role Vector

arXiv:2609.00608v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based user simulators are increasingly used to evaluate autonomous agents at scale, in place of costly human evaluations. Despite this promise, thes

Iterative GRPO: Batch-Online Policy Iteration for Multi-Turn RL via Single-Turn RLHF

arXiv:2511.21638v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Practical LLM agents often operate over multi-turn conversations where success is determined only after the full interaction ends. Most multi-turn R

JanusMesh: Fast and Zero-Shot 3D Visual Illusion Generation via Cross-Space Denoising

arXiv:2606.20563v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Creating 3D visual illusions, a single 3D mesh that reveals entirely different semantics from various viewing angles, is a fascinating but tough cha

Keep Everyone Happy: Online Fair Division of Numerous Items with Few Copies

arXiv:2408.12845v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper considers a novel variant of the online fair division problem involving multiple agents in which a learner sequentially observes an

Knowing When to Stop: Adaptive Action Chunking via Internal Cross-Attention Dynamics in VLAs

arXiv:2609.00908v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Action chunking is a standard execution strategy in modern Vision-Language-Action (VLA) frameworks, but fixed execution horizons impose a trade-off betw

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

LLM-as-a-Demographic: Whom Sociodemographic Prompting Helps, and Whom It Hurts

arXiv:2609.00222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as judges for subjective tasks, where annotators disagree and the relevant question is not only how a

Location-Aware Language Models via Secondary Embeddings

arXiv:2609.00454v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pretrained transformer-based language models achieve strong performance across a wide range of NLP tasks but remain limited in encoding geo-locational s

Measuring the Behavioral Fidelity of Long-Horizon Human Activity Simulations

arXiv:2609.01257v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As LLM-based human simulators are increasingly used for policy, evaluation, and training, they must faithfully reproduce real behavioral patterns. While

Multi-Step Knowledge Interaction Analysis via Rank-2 Subspace Disentanglement

arXiv:2511.01706v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Natural Language Explanations (NLEs) describe how Large Language Models (LLMs) make decisions by drawing on external Context Knowledge (CK) an

Non-Prehensile Throwing: A Reinforcement Learning Perspective

arXiv:2609.00771v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robotic throwing enables fast object transport and extends a robot's reachable workspace beyond traditional pick-and-place. While prehensile (grasp-base

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

On the Design Fundamentals of Pixel Text Representation Learning

arXiv:2609.01147v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text-rich visual inputs require models that can read, retrieve, and compress language directly in pixel space, yet existing pixel-text encoders strugg

On the Human and Computer Alignment of Attribute-Based Music Matches

arXiv:2609.00987v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in generative AI are raising ethical concerns regarding the originality of generated content and the potential replication of training

One Policy, Any Budget: Internalizing Budget-Aware Search via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.00813v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While reinforcement learning has enabled LLM-based search agents to invoke external tools, existing methods train under fixed budgets and cannot adapt w

Online camera-pose-free stereo endoscopic tissue deformation recovery with tissue-invariant vision-biomechanics consistency

arXiv:2506.19388v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tissue deformation recovery based on stereo endoscopic images is crucial for tool-tissue interaction analysis and benefits surgical navigation and a

Ov3R: Open-Vocabulary Semantic 3D Reconstruction from RGB Videos

arXiv:2507.22052v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present Ov3R, a novel framework for open-vocabulary semantic 3D reconstruction from RGB video streams, designed to advance Spatial AI. The system

Post-hoc Alignment of LLM-judges to Human Judgment Distribution

arXiv:2609.01073v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The LLM-as-a-judge (LLMaJ) framework offers a cost-effective and reproducible solution for automatic evaluation. However, current evaluation practices t

Prompt-Robust Language Models: Which Training Strategies Work?

arXiv:2609.01217v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite their strong performance, large language models remain highly sensitive to prompt formulation. Prior work addresses this through refined data co

Provably Efficient Federated Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximation and Logarithmic Communication Cost

arXiv:2609.00193v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study federated online reinforcement learning with linear function approximation. While recent multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms achiev